农村政策Rural Policy and Measures in 本科英语毕业论文Word下载.docx

1、Beijing, China2005-4-25OutlineAbstract-3Background-3A. The achievement in 2004-3B. Reasons for achievement-4C. The problems this year-4D. How serious the china agriculture problems are-5E. The policy in 2005-6F. The meaning of 2005 Policy-7II Measures should be taken-8A. Tax reduction- 8B. Subsidiar

2、y- 9C. Why we use tax reduction and direct subsidies-10D. Reform household registration system-11E. Promote agricultural restructuring-13F. Promote urbanization-14G. Traps must be avoided-15H. Increase investment and infrastructure in the rural areas-15I. Promote education in rural areas-17III Concl

3、usion-17Bibliography-18Abstract. In recent years, economy in rural areas has undergone many difficulties, such as the backward of the farmers income, the low productivity of agriculture, which has affected the sustainability of chinas economy and caused some social problems. Fortunately, Chinas gove

4、rnment and other social organizations have paid attention on these problems and begin to implement some new policy and measures to resolve them. The Central Document No.1 in 2004 and 2005 are the best proof for the change. However, these problems in rural areas are deep rooted and cant be resolved i

5、n a short time. What we should do? In this paper, I research into these problems in rural areas and find the answer for inference. The best answer is to implement many measures at the same time, such as tax reduction, adopting subsidiary, reforming household registration system, promoting agricultur

6、al restructuring and urbanization, increase investment and infrastructure in the rural areas, promoting education in rural areas. If these policy and measures can be effectively carried out, our agriculture and the living condition of residents in rural areas can be improved much. It will boost the

7、whole economy by the expanse of the rural market.Key words: Central Document No.1, tax reduction, subsidiary, agricultural restructure, urbanization, infrastructure.BackgroundA. The achievement in 2004In recent years, Chinas national economy has maintained sustained, sound and rapid growth. Economic

8、 efficiency has gradually improved. Residents income has grown steadily. Chinas gross domestic product totaled 13.65 trillion yuan （1.65 trillion US dollars） in 2004, a jump of 9.5 percent year on year. However, there have also emerged some unstable factors in economic life, of which weak agricultur

9、e is especially serious.The macro-control policy in 2004 played an important role in strengthening agriculture. We can see it clearly from economic indicators in 2004. Now I want to pay more attentions on agriculture. China saw an important turn for the better in grain production in 2004. The whole-

10、year grain production reached 469.5 billion kg, 38.8 billion kg （9.0 percent） higher than the previous year, putting an end to a five-year decline since 1999. Farmers income also increased rapidly, with the per capita net income rose 6.8 percent in real term, setting a record since 1997. B. Reasons

11、for the achievementWe can attribute the achievement in agriculture mostly to correct policy and measures. In 2004, the unprecedented with promoting farmers increased income as the theme was published. This was followed by the release of a series of more direct, more forceful and more determined meas

12、ures for agriculture, of which subsidies directly to grain, to improved variety of crops and to farm machinery and the reduction and finally complete exemption （within five years） of agricultural tax are most welcomed by farmers, at the same time, agricultural special product tax, with the exception

13、 of tobacco, is abolished. Behind the policy and measures, it is the determination of our government. For a long time, we are always saying farmers issues are very important. However, our government had not put these words to actions until last year （2004）. The says it soundly. C. The problems this

14、yearThe favorable trend in agriculture and rural economy last year didnt change the nations long-term weak agricultural foundation. Not mention to changing the bad situation in rural areas. Farmers still face a shortage of channels to increase their incomes.Though backed by the governments financial

15、 support, it remains a colossal task for Chinas vast countryside to realize the basic objectives of steadily increasing grain output and farmers income in 2005, as it faces great challenges in three aspects.Firstly, increasing grain output is easier said than done. In 2004 Chinas grain yield started

16、 to pick up a little after years of stagnation. However, low farming efficiency, limited arable land and weak agricultural infrastructure remain obstacles to increasing agricultural production, as do more objective factors such as the weather and the global market. Droughts and floods have had a sev

17、ere impact on Chinas agricultural production in the past few years.Secondly, increasing farmers income has come to a difficult stage as restrictive shackles are strong and favorable factors are weak. Agricultural production costs have kept rising, but a price ceiling on agricultural products has rem

18、ained in place. Chinas two-tier urban and rural economic structure hinders the establishment of an effective mechanism that works in favor of increasing farmers income.Thirdly, improving agricultural competitiveness is a great challenge. Chinese agriculture and the countryside are at a critical stag

19、e of development and bear pressure from both the domestic and international markets as they try to integrate into a new era of economic globalization, particularly at this moment, as Chinas Post-WTO Transitional Period is about to end. As the Chinese agricultural market opens wider, the rural econom

20、y will face severe challenges.D. How serious the problems in rural areas areLots of people cant pay enough attentions on the problems in rural areas because they dont know how serious these problems are. Now I will show you them.Lets look at the income change in urban and rural areas.Chart: The wide

21、ning income gap between urban and rural areas（Note） Per capita disposable income and per capita net income are used to measure urban and rural income, respectively. （Source） China Statistical YearbookThis chart shows the gap of income between urban area and rural area has become much wider. We can k

22、now it just from household appliances. In an urban family, you can find a car, a computer, one or more TV sets, a fridge, a microwave, a washing machine, a telephone and so on. But in a rural family, you may just find a TV set which is very cheap. In some wealthy rural areas, you maybe find a fridge

23、 also. No wonder the Chinas government cant stimulate the consumption in the whole country. The rural families have no power to purchase. The government raises the servants salary again and again. But why dont raise the farmers “salary”? Thats, in fact, an effective way to stimulate the consumption

24、in our country. You know, if you give one billion to Bill Gates, he will maybe not increase his purchase at all. But if you give one billon to one million farmers, they will spend most of it. The widening income gap between urban and rural areas causes serious problems both in economy and society. T

25、he rural society has become unstable. Many farmers begin to hate the government. This is a big change. In the past, the farmers were the enthusiastic advocators of government. They believed in government very much. But now, the farmers doubt if the government is their government. The government beco

26、mes the political representative of some earned interest. Chinas society begins to shake in recent year. We all know the Falungong incident. If you think people who are involved in are blinded by Li Hongzhi, you are wrong. In fact, the behind reason is the poverty of farmers. They hate the governmen

27、t and want to express their political need. Whats fortunate, the government begins to pay more attention on farmers. The No. 1 documents in 2004 and 2005 are focus on agriculture. But, problems in rural areas are deep and complicated. They cant be resolved at once. So the continuity of these policie

28、s is important. We must keep on it in a long time. Any distraction will cause a serious result. We have no time to relax on rural problems.Now we finally recognized that “farmers are so poor, the countryside is so hard, and the agriculture is in such a danger!” This quotation comes from a letter to the top leadership by a young rural official who worked in townships