农村政策Rural Policy and Measures in 本科英语毕业论文Word下载.docx

农村政策Rural Policy and Measures in 本科英语毕业论文Word下载.docx

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Beijing,China

2005-4-25

Outline

Abstract--------------------------------------------------------------------------------3

ⅠBackground------------------------------------------------------------------------3

A.Theachievementin2004--------------------------------------------------------------3

B.Reasonsforachievement--------------------------------------------------------------4

C.Theproblemsthisyear----------------------------------------------------------------4

D.Howseriousthechinaagricultureproblemsare-------------------------------------5

E.Thepolicyin2005---------------------------------------------------------------------6

F.Themeaningof2005Policy------------------------------------------------------------7

IIMeasuresshouldbetaken------------------------------------------------------8

A.Taxreduction-------------------------------------------------------------------------8

B.Subsidiary-----------------------------------------------------------------------------9

C.Whyweusetaxreductionanddirectsubsidies-------------------------------------10

D.Reformhouseholdregistrationsystem----------------------------------------------11

E.Promoteagriculturalrestructuring--------------------------------------------------13

F.Promoteurbanization----------------------------------------------------------------14

G.Trapsmustbeavoided---------------------------------------------------------------15

H.Increaseinvestmentandinfrastructureintheruralareas-------------------------15

I.Promoteeducationinruralareas----------------------------------------------------17

IIIConclusion-----------------------------------------------------------------------17

Bibliography-----------------------------------------------------------------------18

Abstract.Inrecentyears,economyinruralareashasundergonemanydifficulties,suchasthebackwardofthefarmers’income,thelowproductivityofagriculture,whichhasaffectedthesustainabilityofchina’seconomyandcausedsomesocialproblems.Fortunately,China’sgovernmentandothersocialorganizationshavepaidattentionontheseproblemsandbegintoimplementsomenewpolicyandmeasurestoresolvethem.The"

CentralDocumentNo.1"

in2004and2005arethebestproofforthechange.However,theseproblemsinruralareasaredeeprootedandcan’tberesolvedinashorttime.Whatweshoulddo?

Inthispaper,Iresearchintotheseproblemsinruralareasandfindtheanswerforinference.Thebestansweristoimplementmanymeasuresatthesametime,suchastaxreduction,adoptingsubsidiary,reforminghouseholdregistrationsystem,promotingagriculturalrestructuringandurbanization,increaseinvestmentandinfrastructureintheruralareas,promotingeducationinruralareas.Ifthesepolicyandmeasurescanbeeffectivelycarriedout,ouragricultureandthelivingconditionofresidentsinruralareascanbeimprovedmuch.Itwillboostthewholeeconomybytheexpanseoftheruralmarket.

Keywords:

CentralDocumentNo.1,taxreduction,subsidiary,agriculturalrestructure,urbanization,infrastructure.

ⅠBackground

A.Theachievementin2004

Inrecentyears,China'

snationaleconomyhasmaintainedsustained,soundandrapidgrowth.Economicefficiencyhasgraduallyimproved.Residents'

incomehasgrownsteadily.China'

sgrossdomesticproducttotaled13.65trillionyuan（1.65trillionUSdollars）in2004,ajumpof9.5percentyearonyear.However,therehavealsoemergedsomeunstablefactorsineconomiclife,ofwhichweakagricultureisespeciallyserious.

Themacro-controlpolicyin2004playedanimportantroleinstrengtheningagriculture.Wecanseeitclearlyfromeconomicindicatorsin2004.NowIwanttopaymoreattentionsonagriculture.Chinasawanimportantturnforthebetteringrainproductionin2004.Thewhole-yeargrainproductionreached469.5billionkg,38.8billionkg（9.0percent）higherthanthepreviousyear,puttinganendtoafive-yeardeclinesince1999.Farmers'

incomealsoincreasedrapidly,withthepercapitanetincomerose6.8percentinrealterm,settingarecordsince1997.

B.Reasonsfortheachievement

Wecanattributetheachievementinagriculturemostlytocorrectpolicyandmeasures.In2004,theunprecedented"

withpromotingfarmers'

increasedincomeasthethemewaspublished.Thiswasfollowedbythereleaseofaseriesofmoredirect,moreforcefulandmoredeterminedmeasuresforagriculture,ofwhichsubsidiesdirectlytograin,toimprovedvarietyofcropsandtofarmmachineryandthereductionandfinallycompleteexemption（withinfiveyears）ofagriculturaltaxaremostwelcomedbyfarmers,atthesametime,agriculturalspecialproducttax,withtheexceptionoftobacco,isabolished.

Behindthepolicyandmeasures,itisthedeterminationofourgovernment.Foralongtime,wearealwayssayingfarmers’issuesareveryimportant.However,ourgovernmenthadnotputthesewordstoactionsuntillastyear（2004）.The"

saysitsoundly.

C.Theproblemsthisyear

Thefavorabletrendinagricultureandruraleconomylastyeardidn'

tchangethenation'

slong-termweakagriculturalfoundation.Notmentiontochangingthebadsituationinruralareas.Farmersstillfaceashortageofchannelstoincreasetheirincomes.

Thoughbackedbythegovernment’sfinancialsupport,itremainsacolossaltaskforChina’svastcountrysidetorealizethebasicobjectivesofsteadilyincreasinggrainoutputandfarmers’incomein2005,asitfacesgreatchallengesinthreeaspects.

Firstly,increasinggrainoutputiseasiersaidthandone.In2004China’sgrainyieldstartedtopickupalittleafteryearsofstagnation.However,lowfarmingefficiency,limitedarablelandandweakagriculturalinfrastructureremainobstaclestoincreasingagriculturalproduction,asdomoreobjectivefactorssuchastheweatherandtheglobalmarket.DroughtsandfloodshavehadasevereimpactonChina’sagriculturalproductioninthepastfewyears.

Secondly,increasingfarmers’incomehascometoadifficultstageasrestrictiveshacklesarestrongandfavorablefactorsareweak.Agriculturalproductioncostshavekeptrising,butapriceceilingonagriculturalproductshasremainedinplace.China’stwo-tierurbanandruraleconomicstructurehinderstheestablishmentofaneffectivemechanismthatworksinfavorofincreasingfarmers’income.

Thirdly,improvingagriculturalcompetitivenessisagreatchallenge.Chineseagricultureandthecountrysideareatacriticalstageofdevelopmentandbearpressurefromboththedomesticandinternationalmarketsastheytrytointegrateintoaneweraofeconomicglobalization,particularlyatthismoment,asChina’sPost-WTOTransitionalPeriodisabouttoend.AstheChineseagriculturalmarketopenswider,theruraleconomywillfaceseverechallenges.

D.Howserioustheproblemsinruralareasare

Lotsofpeoplecan’tpayenoughattentionsontheproblemsinruralareasbecausetheydon’tknowhowserioustheseproblemsare.NowIwillshowyouthem.

Let’slookattheincomechangeinurbanandruralareas.

Chart:

Thewideningincomegapbetweenurbanandruralareas

（Note）Percapitadisposableincomeandpercapitanetincomeareusedtomeasureurbanandruralincome,respectively.（Source）ChinaStatisticalYearbook

Thischartshowsthegapofincomebetweenurbanareaandruralareahasbecomemuchwider.Wecanknowitjustfromhouseholdappliances.Inanurbanfamily,youcanfindacar,acomputer,oneormoreTVsets,afridge,amicrowave,awashingmachine,atelephoneandsoon.Butinaruralfamily,youmayjustfindaTVsetwhichisverycheap.Insomewealthyruralareas,youmaybefindafridgealso.NowondertheChina’sgovernmentcan’tstimulatetheconsumptioninthewholecountry.Theruralfamilieshavenopowertopurchase.Thegovernmentraisestheservants’salaryagainandagain.Butwhydon’traisethefarmers’“salary”?

That’s,infact,aneffectivewaytostimulatetheconsumptioninourcountry.Youknow,ifyougiveonebilliontoBillGates,hewillmaybenotincreasehispurchaseatall.Butifyougiveonebillontoonemillionfarmers,theywillspendmostofit.

Thewideningincomegapbetweenurbanandruralareascausesseriousproblemsbothineconomyandsociety.Theruralsocietyhasbecomeunstable.Manyfarmersbegintohatethegovernment.Thisisabigchange.Inthepast,thefarmersweretheenthusiasticadvocatorsofgovernment.Theybelievedingovernmentverymuch.Butnow,thefarmersdoubtifthegovernmentistheirgovernment.Thegovernmentbecomesthepoliticalrepresentativeofsomeearnedinterest.China’ssocietybeginstoshakeinrecentyear.WeallknowtheFalungongincident.IfyouthinkpeoplewhoareinvolvedinareblindedbyLiHongzhi,youarewrong.Infact,thebehindreasonisthepovertyoffarmers.Theyhatethegovernmentandwanttoexpresstheirpoliticalneed.What’sfortunate,thegovernmentbeginstopaymoreattentiononfarmers.TheNo.1documentsin2004and2005arefocusonagriculture.But,problemsinruralareasaredeepandcomplicated.Theycan’tberesolvedatonce.Sothecontinuityofthesepoliciesisimportant.Wemustkeeponitinalongtime.Anydistractionwillcauseaseriousresult.Wehavenotimetorelaxonruralproblems.

Nowwefinallyrecognizedthat“farmersaresopoor,thecountrysideissohard,andtheagricultureisinsuchadanger!

”Thisquotationcomesfromalettertothetopleadershipbyayoungruralofficialwhoworkedintownships