土木工程专业英语结课论文Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、、观察验槽观察验槽除检查基坑（槽）的位置、断面尺寸、标高和边坡等是否符合设计要求，重点应对整个基坑（槽）底的土质进行全面观察。土质和颜色是否一样;土的坚硬程度是否均匀一致，有无局部过软或过硬;土的含水量是否异常，有无过干或过湿;在坑（槽）底行走或夯拍时有无震颤或空穴声音等现象。通过以上观察来分析判断坑（槽）底是否挖至老土层（地基持力层），是否需继续下挖或进行处理。验槽的重点应以柱基、墙角、承重墙下或其他受力较大的部位为主。、钎探验槽钎探是用锤将钢钎打入坑（槽）底以下土层内的一定深度，根据锤击次数和入土难易程度来判断土的软硬情况及有无土洞、枯井、幕穴和软弱下卧土层等。钎探步骤如下：根据坑（槽）平

2、面图进行钎探布点，并将钎探点依次编号绘制钎探点平面布置图；准备锤和钢钎，同一工程应钎径一致，锤重一致；按钎探顺序号进行钎探施工；打钎时，要求用力一致，锤的落距一致。每贯入30CM（称为一步），记录一次锤击数，填入钎探记录表内；钎探结束后，要从上而下逐“步”分析钎探记录情况，再横向分析钎孔相互之间锤击次数，便可判断土层的构造和土质的软硬，并应将锤击次数过多或过少的钎孔予以标注，已备到现场重点检查和处理；钎探后的孔要用砂填实。3、地基加固、地基加固原理地基加固原理是：“将土质由松变实”，“将土的含水量由高变低”，即可达到地基加固的目的。工程实践中各种加固方法，诸如机械辗压法、重锤夯实法、挤密桩法、

3、化学加固法、预压固结法、深层搅拌法等均是从这一加固原理出发。、地基加固的方法挖：就是挖去软土层，把基础埋置在承载力大的基岩或坚硬的土层中。此方法当软土层不厚时，利用坚硬的土层天然地基，很经济。填：当软土层很厚，而又需大面积对地基进行加固处理时，则可在软土层上直接回填一层一定厚度的好土，以提高低级的承载力，减小软土层的承压力。换：换就是将挖与填相结合，即换土垫层法。夯：就是利用打夯工具或机具（如木人、石硪、铁硪、蛙式打夯机、火力夯、电力夯、重锤夯、强力夯等）夯击土壤，排除土壤中的水分，加速土壤的固结，以提高土壤的密实度和承载力。压：就是利用压路机、羊足机、轮胎碾等机械碾压地基土壤，使地基压实排水

4、固结。其中有砂井堆载预压法、袋装砂井堆载预压法、塑料排水带堆载预压法、真空预压法。挤：先用带桩靴的工具式桩管打入土中，挤压土壤形成桩孔，然后拔出桩管，再在桩孔中灌注入砂石、素土、灰土等填充料进行捣实，或者随着填充料的灌入逐渐拔出桩管，这种方法最适用于加固松软饱和土地基。拌：是指用旋喷法或深层搅拌法加固地基。其原理是利用高压射流切削土壤，旋喷浆液（水泥浆、水玻璃、丙凝等），搅拌浆土，使浆液和土壤混合，凝结成坚硬的柱体或土壁。4、结论基坑验槽的方法总体上分为两种，一种是观察验槽，这种方法只是大概的进行基坑（槽）的检验，但容易进行不需要工具。第二种方法是钎探验槽，这种方法较上一种准确，但较为复杂，需

5、要用工具才能进行。我们经常将这两种方法结合起来用，在第一种方法没有把握的情况下再进行第二种方法。地基加固处理简单的总结起来就是七个字：挖、填、换、夯、压、挤、拌。准确的做好这几项工作才能确保工程的准确进行，以避免不必要的损失。【参考文献】普通高等学校土木工程专业新编系列教材，土木工程施工（第三版），武汉理工大学出版社。译文： Foundation treatment engineering and technical analysisLiu YuepingHebei University of Engineering School of Civil Engineering Abstract i

6、s about foundation pit （ groove ） examining trough and foundation reinforcement treatment method, key point is observed in examining trough and drill detecting trough inspection principle and method. Analyzes the principle of foundation reinforcement and strengthening method. Key words observation c

7、heck slot, drilling trough inspection.1, introduction :toward a building body foundation is very important, however, do a good job in the basic pit trough inspection before we do, only accurate data before we can get trough inspection of existing land production based scheme, then know need foundati

8、on reinforcement, such as the need to be effective fast ripe reinforcement so as to ensure the follow-up work smoothly, shorten time limit for a project is not necessary, in order to save costs.2, foundation trench inspection If the foundation reinforcement treatment for must be natural foundation,

9、when the pit （ groove ） dig to base design elevation, the construction unit must in reconnaissance, design, inspect manage unit and owner jointly check slot, eligible and rear for foundation engineering construction.I, observation check slot Observation of trough inspection inspection pit （ groove ）

10、 in addition to the position, section size, elevation and slope and so on with the design requirements, the key should the pit （ groove ） bottom soil comprehensive observation.soil and the color is the same;soil hardness is uniform, there is no local soft or strong;soil moisture content is abnormal

11、or not, there is no too dry or wet;pit （ groove ） in bottom walking or tamping shooting without tremor or hole sound phenomenon.Through the above observation to analyze and judge the pit （ groove ） bottom dig to old soil （ bearing layer of Foundation ）, whether to continue to dig or processing. Trou

12、gh inspection should focus on to a load bearing walls, wall, or other larger force parts of the mainly.II, brazing trough inspectionBrazing is a hammer into the pit （ groove ） steel under the soil in certain depth, according to the number of hammering and has difficulty to judge the soil soft and ha

13、s no hole, hole, curtain cave and soft bottom layer.Brazing procedure is as follows:according to the pit （ groove ） plans for the drilling sites, and drill detecting points are sequentially numbered drawing drill detecting point layout;preparation of hammer and drill rod, a drill diameter engineerin

14、g should be consistent, the heavy hammer is consistent;press drilling sequence number for drilling construction;drilling, requirements to consistent, hammer drop distance consistent. Each penetration30CM （ called step ）, recording a hammering number, fill in the drill rod detection record;After the

15、end of the drill rod detection, to from go up by step analysis of brazing records, and horizontal analysis of drill hole between the number of hammering, can determine soil structure and soil hardness, and should be the number of hammering too much or too little of the drill hole to be marked, has p

16、repared to spot key examination and treatment;drilling holes to be filled with sand after.3, foundation reinforcementI, foundation reinforcement principleFoundation reinforcement principle is: the soil by the pine real change, soil moisture changes from high to low, can achieve the purpose of founda

17、tion reinforcement. Engineering practice of strengthening methods, such as mechanical pressing method, tamping method, compaction pile method, chemical grouting, preloading consolidation method, deep mixing method are from the reinforcement principle.II, foundation reinforcement methodDug: digging t

18、o soft soil, the foundation embedded in large bearing capacity of rock and hard soil layer. This method when the soft soil layer is thick, the hard soil layer natural foundation, economy.Fill: when the soft soil is very thick, and large area on foundation reinforcement treatment, may be in the soft

19、soil layer of certain thickness directly Backfilling on good soil, in order to improve the low bearing capacity of soft soil, reduce the bearing pressure.Change: change is to dig and fill the combination, namely soil replacement cushion method.Ram: is the use of ramming tools or equipment （ such as

20、wooden statues, stone me, iron I, frog rammer, fire, electricity, hammer tamping rammer, strong compaction compaction soil ）, exclusion of moisture in the soil, accelerating soil consolidation, to improve soil compactness and bearing capacity.Pressure: is the use of road roller, sheep foot machine,

21、tire roller machine rolled foundation soil, the foundation compaction consolidation. The sand drain preloading method, bagged sand drain preloading method with plastic drainage belt, preloading, vacuum preloading method.Squeeze: first with a pile shoe tool type pile pipe into the soil, extruding soi

22、l forming pile hole, and then pull out the pile pipe, and then in the pile hole of filling gravel, soil, lime soil or other filler for ramming, or as filling material filled into gradually pulling the pile pipe, the method most suitable for reinforcement soft saturated soil.Mixing: refers to the use

23、 of rotary jet grouting method or the deep mixing method in foundation reinforcement. The principle is the use of high pressure water jet cutting soil, jet grout （ water slurry, water glass, acrylic coagulation ）, mixing cement soil, the slurry and soil mixture, condensed into a solid cylinder or a

24、clay wall.4, conclusionFoundation trench inspection methods are generally divided into two kinds, one kind is observed in examining trough, this method is only approximate for pit （ groove ） inspection, but easily without tools. The second kind of method is brazing trough inspection, this method is

25、an accurate, but is relatively complex, need to use tools to. We often combines these two methods, the first method does not grasp the situation of second kinds of methods. Foundation reinforcement treatment of simple is summed up in seven words: digging, filling, compaction, pressure, change, squeeze, mix. Accurate to do this work to ensure the project accurately, so as to avoid unnecessary losses. reference College of civil engineering major new textbook series, construction of Civil Engineering （ Third Edition ）, Wuhan University of Technology press.