春季高级口译真题Word文档格式.docx

1、 Listening is one of the first things we learn to do and one of the things we do most. The average person spends 9% of their daily communication time writing, 16% reading, 30 % speaking, and 40% listening. Students spend most of their school time listening, up to 60% according to some studies. Yet d

2、espite its importance, we usually take our ability to listen for granted. As we have already said, though, listening isnt easy. The fact is we have different listening styles for different occasions. How successful we are as listeners may depend in part on choosing the right listening style for the

3、situation. Perhaps the most basic listening style is appreciative listening. We listen appreciative when we enjoy music, a birds song or the murmur of a book. We need a different style, one called discriminative listening. When we want to single out one particular sound from a noisy environment, you

4、 discriminate, for example, when you listen for a friends voice in a crowded room. We use a third style of listening: comprehensive listening, when we want to understand. When we listen to directions or instructions, we are using this style. The forth learning style is more complex, therapeutic list

5、ening. The style practice by counselors, psychiatrists, and good friends encourages people to talk freely without fear of embarrassment. Friends act as our sounding boards, when we just want someone to listen. The therapeutic listener in conversation with a troubled friend accepts what he said tries

6、 hard to understand. And above all, makes no judgment. The fifth style, critical listening, is the one we will examine most closely. Critical listeners are the most active of all listeners. Because they are working hard to decide whether what someone else says make sense. Critical listeners evaluate

7、 what they hear and decide if another persons message is logical, worthwhile or has value. We need to be critical listeners, when someone wants us to buy some things, vote a certain way, or support a particular idea. We also need to be critical listeners in school, where listening and thinking are a

8、lmost synonymous.评析：本篇文章是关于听的能力的分类介绍，题材为生活科普。主要介绍了五种不同的听的方式，并举例说明了这些方式是如何在不同条件下使用。文章难度属于中等，说明性文章，有明确的逻辑条理，通过中间的逻辑连接词，如the first, the third, the forth, the fifth; for example等词，较易抓听关键信息。但文中有部分词汇，可能仍会对考生造成困扰：如appreciative, discriminative，psychiatrist，therapeutic等。建议考生平时注意对与生活息息相关的科普文进行关注。Note Taking a

9、nd Gap Filling Why should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effort be spent in exploring, investigating and researching something with so few benefits? Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on earth or in our own country? Perhaps the best answer

10、lies in our genetic make-up. What drove our distant ancestors to move from the trees onto the plains? Was it the lack of skills to compete in one ecological niche? If so the adaptation selected for after the move have resulted in the species expanding into all possible areas and environment, the dri

11、ve to spread genetic material and ensure the success of not just the species but of one type of genetic material. The wider the distribution of a species, the better the chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is the built-in genetic predisposition to expand into all possible

12、 niches. Culturally nearly every successful civilization has been willing to explore. In exploring, dangers of surrounding areas may be learned and prepared for. Dangers may be political enemies in neighboring cultures, physical features of the area, a change in the area which might affect food supp

13、lies or any other number of factors. All pose a real danger and all may be made less dangerous if certain preparations are made. Without knowledge, the danger may strike and completely destroy, with knowledge, the effects or consequences may be lessened. Exploration also allows resources to be locat

14、ed. Resources translate into power and success at survival. Whether the success be financial, political or genetic additional resources are always a boon when used wisely. In any of the three manners, use of resources allows a heightened percentage for survival. If the resources have no immediate ne

15、ed, then perhaps later the resources will be used. Resources may be more than physical assets. Knowledge or techniques acquired in exploring or preparing to explore always filter from the developers to the general populace. Techniques may be medical applications, uses for drugs or ways of living to

16、increase the quantity of time lived or the quality of that time. Techniques may be social, allowing the people in a society to better understand those within or outside the culture. Better understanding may lead to better use of resources or a lessening of outright competition for the resources.Whil

17、e many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows the creative, the brave, the intelligence of our species to focus on that may serve to save us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds da

18、ngers. The chance of a large asteroid or comet hitting he earth is small. But given time, it will happen. Several current models of evolution propose many changes in a very short time period. Some explanations for the drastic speed of extinction and evolution include strikes by asteroids or comets.

19、Human technology is reaching the point where it might be able to detect such a threat and allow us to do something about it. The danger exists, but knowledge can allow us as a species to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist. While earth

20、 is the only planet known to sustain life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow other planets and moons to become inhabited. True the life style would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future. Our genetic make-up will allow humans

21、 to move into unoccupied niches and flourish. The culture group holding the high ground has attained a great advantage over outer groups. It can see farther, act sooner and be safer from attack. In space all of these things are true. The culture which expands is like and organism which adapts. It ma

22、y be found everywhere. If one group is eliminated, the species as a whole survives. The old adage, do not put all your eggs in one basket holds true for humans and cultures. The more a culture expands, the less chance of it becoming extinct. Space allows us to expand and succeed.文章大意： 人类为什么要探索外太空，在这

23、项获益甚少的项目上花费大量的财力物力？这可能和人类的天性有关。人来的远古祖先从树上来到地上，其实也是一种对领域的开拓。物种扩散的越光，存活的几率就越大。人类探索外太空也基于同样的理由。但是探索也会有危险，所以需要有一定的准备。而探索的过程中还会涉及到资源的使用：这种资源包括有形和无形的。只有充分了解才能更好的使用资源。只有通过合理利用技术和资源，才能在灾难毁灭人类前找到适合人类继续繁衍的地方。本篇文章主要在谈论人类为何要向外太空进发，属于科学类文章。其中的有一些词汇可能会对考生造成困难。例如： niche: 原意表示壁龛，在文中可以表示某个地域或空间；general populace：普通大众

24、；asteroid or comet：小行星或流星；inhabited：适宜居住的；adage：谚语、格言。除此之外，本篇文章的有些句式结构也比较复杂，可能会对考生的理解上造成压力。总体来说，对本篇文章的理解、记录以及最后的填空有一定难度。Listening Comprehension 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation. Man: Do you know the name the American flag was once called? Woman: Didnt some people used to cal

25、l it the Star - Spangled Banner, like national anthem? Youre right. Ive heard it referred to as old glory.Man: Also correct. The most popular name is the stars and stripes, based on its design. At the start of the revolutionary war in 1775, the American flag had a British flag in the upper left corn

26、er. But after the declaration of independence in 1777, the British flag was no longer appropriate as part of the American flag. On June, 4th, 1777, the Continental of Congress resolved that the flag of the United States be 13 stripes, alternating red and white, with 13 white stars in a blue field. B

27、ut there was no official arrangement for the stars.Woman: Is that the flag Betsey Ross made? In 1890, William Canby, claimed that his grandmother Betsey Ross, a Philadelphia seamstress had made the first United States flag. Although she made flags during the revolutionary war, most historians, mysel

28、f included, do not support this claim. I have a question. Why did the 1775 flag incorporated the British flag if the colonists were already fighting for independence. Actually, the colonists did not at first seek for independence. So the Union Jack, another name for the British flag remained in the

29、American flag because there was still a connection to England. By 1794, two new states joined the union. Congress decided to add two stars and two stripes to the flag. It ordered a fifteen-stripe flag used after May 1st, 1795. But doesn t our flag today have only 13 stripes? Exactly. As more states

30、came into the union, Congress realized that a new star and a new stripe for each state would make the flag too cluttered. Samuel Chesteraid, a navy captain, proposed a flag of 13 stripes, one for each of the original colonies, and a star for each state. Congress accepted the idea, on April 4th, 1818

31、. It sets the number of stripes at 13 again. It ordered a new star to be added to the flag on the July 4th after a state joined the union.Q1: There have been several names the American flag was once called, which of the following is not one of these names?Q2: What is the most popular name of the American flag according to the man?Q3: How many stripes and stars were there on the Am