春季高级口译真题Word文档格式.docx

春季高级口译真题Word文档格式.docx

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Listeningisoneofthefirstthingswelearntodoandoneofthethingswedomost.Theaveragepersonspends9%oftheirdailycommunicationtimewriting,16%reading,30%speaking,and40%listening.Studentsspendmostoftheirschooltimelistening,upto60%accordingtosomestudies.Yetdespiteitsimportance,weusuallytakeourabilitytolistenforgranted.Aswehavealreadysaid,though,listeningisn’teasy.Thefactiswehavedifferentlisteningstylesfordifferentoccasions.Howsuccessfulweareaslistenersmaydependinpartonchoosingtherightlisteningstyleforthesituation.Perhapsthemostbasiclisteningstyleisappreciativelistening.Welistenappreciativewhenweenjoymusic,abirds’songorthemurmurofabook.Weneedadifferentstyle,onecalleddiscriminativelistening.Whenwewanttosingleoutoneparticularsoundfromanoisyenvironment,youdiscriminate,forexample,whenyoulistenforafriend’svoiceinacrowdedroom.Weuseathirdstyleoflistening:

comprehensivelistening,whenwewanttounderstand.Whenwelistentodirectionsorinstructions,weareusingthisstyle.Theforthlearningstyleismorecomplex,therapeuticlistening.Thestylepracticebycounselors,psychiatrists,andgoodfriendsencouragespeopletotalkfreelywithoutfearofembarrassment.Friendsactasoursoundingboards,whenwejustwantsomeonetolisten.Thetherapeuticlistenerinconversationwithatroubledfriendacceptswhathesaidtrieshardtounderstand.Andaboveall,makesnojudgment.Thefifthstyle,criticallistening,istheonewewillexaminemostclosely.Criticallistenersarethemostactiveofalllisteners.Becausetheyareworkinghardtodecidewhetherwhatsomeoneelsesaysmakesense.Criticallistenersevaluatewhattheyhearanddecideifanotherperson’smessageislogical,worthwhileorhasvalue.Weneedtobecriticallisteners,whensomeonewantsustobuysomethings,voteacertainway,orsupportaparticularidea.Wealsoneedtobecriticallistenersinschool,wherelisteningandthinkingarealmostsynonymous.

评析：

本篇文章是关于听的能力的分类介绍，题材为生活科普。

主要介绍了五种不同的听的方式，并举例说明了这些方式是如何在不同条件下使用。

文章难度属于中等，说明性文章，有明确的逻辑条理，通过中间的逻辑连接词，如thefirst,thethird,theforth,thefifth…;

forexample等词，较易抓听关键信息。

但文中有部分词汇，可能仍会对考生造成困扰：

如appreciative,discriminative，psychiatrist，therapeutic等。

建议考生平时注意对与生活息息相关的科普文进行关注。

NoteTakingandGapFilling

Whyshouldmankindexplorespace?

Whyshouldmoney,timeandeffortbespentinexploring,investigatingandresearchingsomethingwithsofewbenefits?

Whyshouldresourcesbespentonspaceratherthanonconditionsandpeopleonearthorinourowncountry?

Perhapsthebestanswerliesinourgeneticmake-up.Whatdroveourdistantancestorstomovefromthetreesontotheplains?

Wasitthelackofskillstocompeteinoneecologicalniche?

Ifsotheadaptationselectedforafterthemovehaveresultedinthespeciesexpandingintoallpossibleareasandenvironment,thedrivetospreadgeneticmaterialandensurethesuccessofnotjustthespeciesbutofonetypeofgeneticmaterial.Thewiderthedistributionofaspecies,thebetterthechanceofsurvival.Perhapsthebestreasonforexploringspaceisthebuilt-ingeneticpredispositiontoexpandintoallpossibleniches.Culturallynearlyeverysuccessfulcivilizationhasbeenwillingtoexplore.Inexploring,dangersofsurroundingareasmaybelearnedandpreparedfor.Dangersmaybepoliticalenemiesinneighboringcultures,physicalfeaturesofthearea,achangeintheareawhichmightaffectfoodsuppliesoranyothernumberoffactors.Allposearealdangerandallmaybemadelessdangerousifcertainpreparationsaremade.Withoutknowledge,thedangermaystrikeandcompletelydestroy,withknowledge,theeffectsorconsequencesmaybelessened.Explorationalsoallowsresourcestobelocated.Resourcestranslateintopowerandsuccessatsurvival.Whetherthesuccessbefinancial,politicalorgeneticadditionalresourcesarealwaysaboonwhenusedwisely.Inanyofthethreemanners,useofresourcesallowsaheightenedpercentageforsurvival.Iftheresourceshavenoimmediateneed,thenperhapslatertheresourceswillbeused.Resourcesmaybemorethanphysicalassets.Knowledgeortechniquesacquiredinexploringorpreparingtoexplorealwaysfilterfromthedeveloperstothegeneralpopulace.Techniquesmaybemedicalapplications,usesfordrugsorwaysoflivingtoincreasethequantityoftimelivedorthequalityofthattime.Techniquesmaybesocial,allowingthepeopleinasocietytobetterunderstandthosewithinoroutsidetheculture.Betterunderstandingmayleadtobetteruseofresourcesoralesseningofoutrightcompetitionfortheresources. 

Whilemanyresourcesarespentonwhatseemsasmallreturn,theexplorationofspaceallowsthecreative,thebrave,theintelligenceofourspeciestofocusonthatmayservetosaveus.Whilespacemayholdmanywondersandexplanationsofhowtheuniversewasformedorhowitworks,italsoholdsdangers.Thechanceofalargeasteroidorcomethittingheearthissmall.Butgiventime,itwillhappen.Severalcurrentmodelsofevolutionproposemanychangesinaveryshorttimeperiod.Someexplanationsforthedrasticspeedofextinctionandevolutionincludestrikesbyasteroidsorcomets.Humantechnologyisreachingthepointwhereitmightbeabletodetectsuchathreatandallowustodosomethingaboutit.Thedangerexists,butknowledgecanallowusasaspeciestosurvive.Withouttheabilitytoreachoutacrossspace,thechancetosaveourselvesmightnotexist.Whileearthistheonlyplanetknowntosustainlife,surelytheadaptiveabilityofhumanswouldallowotherplanetsandmoonstobecomeinhabited.Truethelifestylewouldbedifferent,buthumanlifeandcultureshaveadaptedinthepastandsurelycouldinthefuture.Ourgeneticmake-upwillallowhumanstomoveintounoccupiednichesandflourish.Theculturegroupholdingthehighgroundhasattainedagreatadvantageoveroutergroups.Itcanseefarther,actsoonerandbesaferfromattack.Inspaceallofthesethingsaretrue.Theculturewhichexpandsislikeandorganismwhichadapts.Itmaybefoundeverywhere.Ifonegroupiseliminated,thespeciesasawholesurvives.Theoldadage,donotputallyoureggsinonebasketholdstrueforhumansandcultures.Themoreacultureexpands,thelesschanceofitbecomingextinct.Spaceallowsustoexpandandsucceed.

文章大意：

人类为什么要探索外太空，在这项获益甚少的项目上花费大量的财力物力？

这可能和人类的天性有关。

人来的远古祖先从树上来到地上，其实也是一种对领域的开拓。

物种扩散的越光，存活的几率就越大。

人类探索外太空也基于同样的理由。

但是探索也会有危险，所以需要有一定的准备。

而探索的过程中还会涉及到资源的使用：

这种资源包括有形和无形的。

只有充分了解才能更好的使用资源。

只有通过合理利用技术和资源，才能在灾难毁灭人类前找到适合人类继续繁衍的地方。

本篇文章主要在谈论人类为何要向外太空进发，属于科学类文章。

其中的有一些词汇可能会对考生造成困难。

例如：

niche:

原意表示壁龛，在文中可以表示某个地域或空间；

generalpopulace：

普通大众；

asteroidorcomet：

小行星或流星；

inhabited：

适宜居住的；

adage：

谚语、格言。

除此之外，本篇文章的有些句式结构也比较复杂，可能会对考生的理解上造成压力。

总体来说，对本篇文章的理解、记录以及最后的填空有一定难度。

ListeningComprehension1

Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingconversation.

Man:

DoyouknowthenametheAmericanflagwasoncecalled?

Woman:

Didn’tsomepeopleusedtocallittheStar-SpangledBanner,likenationalanthem?

You’reright.

I’vehearditreferredtoasoldglory.

Man:

Alsocorrect.Themostpopularnameisthestarsandstripes,basedonitsdesign.Atthestartoftherevolutionarywarin1775,theAmericanflaghadaBritishflagintheupperleftcorner.Butafterthedeclarationofindependencein1777,theBritishflagwasnolongerappropriateaspartoftheAmericanflag.OnJune,4th,1777,theContinentalofCongressresolvedthattheflagoftheUnitedStatesbe13stripes,alternatingredandwhite,with13whitestarsinabluefield.Buttherewasnoofficialarrangementforthestars.

Woman:

IsthattheflagBetseyRossmade?

In1890,WilliamCanby,claimedthathisgrandmotherBetseyRoss,aPhiladelphiaseamstresshadmadethefirstUnitedStatesflag.Althoughshemadeflagsduringtherevolutionarywar,mosthistorians,myselfincluded,donotsupportthisclaim.

Ihaveaquestion.Whydidthe1775flagincorporatedtheBritishflagifthecolonistswerealreadyfightingforindependence.

Actually,thecolonistsdidnotatfirstseekforindependence.SotheUnionJack,anothernamefortheBritishflagremainedintheAmericanflagbecausetherewasstillaconnectiontoEngland.By1794,twonewstatesjoinedtheunion.Congressdecidedtoaddtwostarsandtwostripestotheflag.Itorderedafifteen-stripeflagusedafterMay1st,1795.

Butdoesn’tourflagtodayhaveonly13stripes?

Exactly.Asmorestatescameintotheunion,Congressrealizedthatanewstarandanewstripeforeachstatewouldmaketheflagtoocluttered.SamuelChesteraid,anavycaptain,proposedaflagof13stripes,oneforeachoftheoriginalcolonies,andastarforeachstate.Congressacceptedtheidea,onApril4th,1818.Itsetsthenumberofstripesat13again.ItorderedanewstartobeaddedtotheflagontheJuly4thafterastatejoinedtheunion.

Q1:

TherehavebeenseveralnamestheAmericanflagwasoncecalled,whichofthefollowingisnotoneofthesenames?

Q2:

WhatisthemostpopularnameoftheAmericanflagaccordingtotheman?

Q3:

HowmanystripesandstarswerethereontheAm