简明语言学教程8Word文档格式.docx

1、 Stimulus-Response-Reinforcement 2） Innatist view ALD 3） Interactionist view Motherese/caretaker talk 3. Cognitive factors Two ways 4. language environment and the critical period hypothesis Critical period Two versions 5. Stages in child language development T/F 1. In general, language acquisition

2、refers to childrens development of their native language of the community in which they have been brought up. 2. A certain amount of concious instruction on the part of parents may have no effect on the language of a child. 3. Some languages are more challenging to acquire as a native language. 4. A

3、 particular aspect of a language may appear to be more difficult to acquire than an 1 equivalent part of another language. 5. Many utterance types produced by children do not closely resemble structures found in adult speech. 6. There is a three-word sentence stage in the first language acquisition.

4、 7. Utterances at the multiword stage are often referred to as telegraphic speech. 8. Imitation and overt teachig play a major role in the childs matery of language. 9. Speakers of different languages are capable of distinguishing and recognizing experiences of the same objective world according to

5、their respective different linguistc coding system. 10. If a child is deprived of linguistic environment, he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully later on. 11. Human capacity for language has a genetic basis, i.e. we are all born with the ability to acquire language and the details of

6、 a langauge system are genetically transmitted. 12. In first language acquisition childrens grammar models exactly after the grammar of adult language. 13. Instruction and correction are key factors in child language development. 14. A child born to a Chinese or English speaking family takes about t

7、he same number of years to acquire their native tongue, regardless of their general intelligence. 15. An innatist view of language acquisition holds that human beings are biologically programmed for language. 16. A child who enters a foreign language speech community by the age of three or four can

8、learn the new language without the trace of an accent. 17. When a child acquires his mother tongue, he also acquires a langue-specific culture and becomes socialized in certain ways. 1 Which of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition? A. Language acquisition is a

9、 process of habit formation. B. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings. C. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language. D. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use. 2. Which stage does the child belong to accordin

10、g to the stage of first language acquisition when we heard his saying like “Baby chair”,”Mummy sock” etc. A. babbling stage B. one-word stage C. two-word stage D. multi-word stage 3. Language acquisition is primarily the acquisition of the _ system of language. A. phonological B. semantic C. grammat

11、ical D. communicative 4. In general, the _ stage begins roughly in the second half of the childs second year. A） babbling B） one-word 2 C）two-word D） multiword 5. Basically all the following categories except _ are always missing in the childrens telegraphic speech stage. A the copula verb “be” B. i

12、nflectional morphemes C. function words D. content words 6. In first language acquisition children usually _grammatical rules from the linguistic information they hear. A） use B） accept C） generalize D） reconstruct 7. .Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisi

13、tion?_. A.Language acquisition is a process of habit formation B.Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings C.Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language D.Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use 8. At the age of fou

14、r, children_. A. can master the essentials of their mother tongue B. can only babble several sounds C.can name the things around them only D. can write out all the grammatical rules of their mother tongue. 9. A child who knows the general plural form may apply the rule to irregular nouns and produce

15、 “foots”. This is called _. A. assimilation B. transfer C. overgeneralization D. underextension 10. It is estimated that the number of basic words known by English-speaking school children of age six is around _. A. 7800 B. 6800 C. 5800 D. 4800 11.Linguistic determination and linguistic relativity a

16、re also known as _. A）linguistic universals B） functionalism B）Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis D） structuralism 12.Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night” as “light”.This shows: .（ ） A.They cannot pronounce/n/ B.Interlangue interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mother

17、tongue C.The teachers do not have a good teaching method D.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds 13. _ holds that human beings are biologically programmed for language and that the language develops in the child just as other biological function such as walking. A. The behaviorist view B. The i

18、nnatist view C. The interactionist view D. The cognitive theory 14. Which of the following hypothesis is put forward by Bric Lenneberg? A. Critical Period Hypothesis B. Input Hypothesis C. Language Acquisition Device Hypothesis D. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis 3 1.The study of human languages as a whole is

19、 g_ linguistics, while the study of a particular language is called p_ linguistics. 2. A linguistic study is descriptive if it describes and analyses facts observed; it is p_ if it tries to lay down rules for 3. The reason why an English speaker and a Chinese speaker are not mutually intelligible is

20、 because language is culturally t_. 4. “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet”. This sentence means that language has the feature of a_. 5. In F. de Saussures dichotomy, langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community; p_ is its realization in

21、actual use. 6. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be d_ . 7. Language exists in time and changes through time. The description of a language at some point of time is called a s_ study of language. 8. Any language is composed of three main ele

22、ments: speech sounds, grammatical structure, and m_ . 9. Articulatory phonetics describes how s_ sounds are made and provides aframe work. 10. If a particular language has forty-eight meaningful sounds, it is said tohave forty-eight p_ . 11. Comsonant sounds can be either voiced or voiceless. For ex

23、ample, the soundv_ and the sound 12. If the back of the tongue is at the highest point near the soft palate, we have a b_ vowel. 13. Articulatory phonetics studies the movement of the vocal organs in producing the sounds of speech; while a_ phonetics studies the way the sounds of the speech are perc

24、eived by the human ear. 14. An initial classification will divide the speech sounds into two broad categories: v_ and c_. 15. The allophone of the same phoneme are said to be in c_ distribution. 16. The basic unit in phonetics is p_, while the basic unit in phonology is p_. 17. A phoneme is an abstr

25、act unit and it is realized by a certain _ in a certain phonetic context. 18. Comsonant sounds can be either voiced or voiceless. For example, the soundv_ and the sound 19.Clear 1 and dark are allophones of the same one phoneme /1/.They never take the same position in sound combinations, thus they a

26、re said to be in c_ distribution. 20. An essential difference between consonants and vowels is whether the air coming from the lungs meets any o_ when a sound is produced. 21. Phonological rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language are called s_ rules. 22. When pitch, stres

27、s and sound length are tired to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as i_. 23. I_ morphemes are attached to words, but they never change their syntactic category 24. A_ phonetics studies the perception of speech sounds. 4 25. Any language is composed of three

28、main elements: 26. M_ is the study of word formation and the internal structure of words. 27. The morphemes that cannot be used by themselves, but must be combined with other morphemes to form words car called b_ morphemes. 28. Bound morphemes may be subdivided into derivational and i_ morphemes. 29

29、. M_ is the smallest meaningful unit of language. 30. An independent unit of meaning that can be used freely by itself is called a f_ morpheme. 31. According to its position in the new word, a_ are divided into two kinds: prefixes and suffixes. 32. According to the transformational-generative grammar, every sentence has two structures. One is the deep structure; the other is the surface structure. and the surface structure comes from the deep structure through t_. 33. Any sentences that share the same deep structure