中考初中英语被动语态讲解精心整理Word下载.docx

1、现在完成时have/has been+过去分词含情态动词can/may/must. be+过去分词主动语态变被动语态的方法第一步：先确定主动句的主、谓、宾，找出其中的谓语动词。第二步：把主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语，若宾语是人称代词，变宾格为主格。第三步：把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”， 时态不变。第四步：把主动句中的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语（没必要说出动作的执行者时，“by+宾语”在句中常省略。），若主语是人称代词，应把主格变为宾格。请对比下面的主动句和被动句：主动语态：They（主语）grow（谓语）tea（宾语）in the southeast of

2、 China. 被动语态：Tea（主语）is grown（谓语）by themin the southeast of China. 随堂演练（把下列句型改为被动句）1.Bruce writes a letter every week. 2.Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.3.We grow trees every spring.4.My mother cleans our room every morning.补充： S + V +IO +DO双宾语的结构变为被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语。若将直接宾语变为主语，需根据习惯在

3、原间宾语前加上介词to或for 。用to的常见词有：give, show, send, lend, pass, pay, teach, throw, bring .用for的常见词有：design, choose, sing, buy, get, cook 1. Mary gave him some books.He was given some books by Mary. Some books were given to him by Mary.2. Her father bought her a new bike.She was bought a new bike by her fath

4、er. A new bike was bought for her by her father.随堂演练：（1）He gave me a book._（间接宾语作主语）_ （直接宾语作主语）（2）My father bought me a new bike.S+ V+ O+ OC带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的结构变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语不可变为主语。1.We call him Gina. He is called Gina （by us）.2.They made me happy. I was made happy （by them）.3.He asked m

5、e to come here. I was asked to come here （by him）在主动语态中，使役动词和感官动词后接动词原形（即省to的动词不定式），在变成被动语态时，需将to补上。使役动词let除外。使役动词和感官动词有：一感（feel）, 二听（hear，listen to）,三让（make, have, let）,四看（look at, see, watch, notice）I saw him play football on the playground just now.He was seen to play football on the playground b

6、y me.1. We saw them _（play） football. They _ _ _ _ football.2. We often hear her _（sing） in English. She_ often _ _ _ in English.另：see, hear 后接doing作宾补时, 在变为被动语态时不加to。 I can hear him singing. He _ _ _ _.被动语态的否定句和一般疑问句The photos were taken in Japan. （改为否定句）（改为一般疑问句，并做肯定和否定回答）被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行

7、者是谁。My bike was stolen yesterday. （2）强调动作的执行者时，使用“by+执行者”。The pen was used by my father. 【注意】只有及物动词才有被动语态。不及物动词如rise，come，go，happen，take place等，没有被动语态。被动语态注意点含“不及物动词+ 介词/副词”（短语动词）的句子变成被动语态时，介词或副词不能丢掉。She took good care of her grandmother.Her grandmother was taken good care of by her.随堂演练1.People oft

8、en talk about that film. That film is often talked _.2.He looks after me very well.I _.3. The nurse took good care of the sick man. The sick man _. 4. We should speak to the old people politely. The old people should _politely.主动形式表示被动意义. （强调动作自然发生，或事物本身性质）a）某些连系动词: look, smell, taste, feel, sound。主

9、动形式表示被动意义。The music _（听起来） interesting.b）说明主语特征、状态的词。这类词通常主动表被动。grow well , ,wash well , write well , sell well，read well, break easily ,hurt badly（疼得厉害）1. We grow rice every year. And it grows well.2. The glass was broken by a boy. This kind of glass _ easily.（容易碎）3. The pen is sold here. It well .

10、 （写起来好）4. That book is sold here. It _/_well. （卖得好） （读起来好）5. The shirt is washed every day. And it _well. （洗起来好）6. I like eating the food. And it _ well （吃起来好）7. He _by a car yesterday. Now, his head _（疼）badly.c）当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常主动表被动。d）need, want, require等动词以及形容词w

11、orth（值得）后面，跟-ing的主动形式表达被动意义。need doing sth = need to be donewant doing sth = want to be done require doing sth = require to be donebe worth doing sth 值得被做某事 My old bike needs repairing =My old bike needs to be required。我的旧自行车需要修一下。My clothes need _ （wash）. The book is worth _ （read） twice.The house

12、needs _（repair）.表示动作自然发生的动词，如：appear, come out, happen, take place, die, disappear, fall, break down, itch, rise, belong to1. In summer, leaves _（落下） . 2. His car _（抛锚了）on the way here.3. An accident _（发生） and he _（死了）. 4. Great changes _（发生） over the years.5. A big cloud _（出现） when the sun _（消失）.6.

13、 Our teacher told us the sun _（升起） in the east.二、英语书面表达专项训练2临近毕业，学校在学习小组内开展了初中阶段自评和组评活动，假设你是 Moonlight 小组 的组长，请根据下面表格中的信息和提示，为你的组员 Tommy 进行综合素质的评价，写一 份素质报告NameTommyCharacteristics聪明、大方（各举一例）Hobbies喜欢看书，认为看书有很多好处（请列举2个好处）Honour他在家帮助做家务。在学校和同学相处融洽。上学途中遵守交通规则（举一例）。今年，学校授予了他优秀学生奖（Award for Best Student）

14、Problems面临考试，遭受压力痛苦，他没有充足的睡眠Your suggestions（根据实际情况提点建议）要求：1、表达清楚、语法正确、上下文连贯；2、要点必须包括所有相关信息，并作适当发挥；3、词数：100 词左右；4、不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等Tommy is a member of my team called Moonlight.【答案】Tommy is a member of my team called Moonlight. He is clever and he is good at all his lessons. He is so generous that he

15、shares everything with his friends.He likes reading because he thinks he can get much knowledge and learn more about the world by reading. And reading has a good effect on childrens growth. At home, he can help his parents do some housework. At school, he gets on well with his classmates. On the way

16、 to school, he obeys the traffic rules. He crosses the road when the light is green. Our school presented him with Award for Best Student this year. However, Tommy is stressed when the exam comes. And he doesnt have enough sleep. I think he should go over what he has learned before exams. Its better

17、 for him to manage his time wisely so that he can have enough time to rest.【解析】这篇作文要求我们按照表格里的内容介绍一下Tommy的情况，为Tommy写一篇综合素质的评价报告。在表格中有非常详细的关于Tommy各方面的内容，我们需要用正确的英语把这些内容有条理的表达出来。表格中涉及的内容较多，写作时要注意表达的条理性。这篇作文应主要使用第三人称来写。在最后要给Tommy提一些建议，这一部分应该用第一人称。同时注意表达的准确性，尤其是表格中的第五项和第六项内容。【亮点说明】这是一篇比较优秀的范文。这篇作文内容完整，包含

18、了表格中的所有内容，没有遗漏要点。表达准确，注意了被动形式的使用，如He was rewarded by our school this year.。写作时注意了条理性，使文章具有层次感，条理清楚。短文注意到了长短句的结合，并恰当的使用了一些连词，使文章表达的连贯。如He is always ready to help others.、He not only likes reading detective novels but also likes watching programs about sports news.、He is good at running. He won the fi

19、rst place in our school sports meeting this year.等。3旅行是学习的最好方式之一。请以“Travelling”为题，根据以下思维导图的提示，写一篇短文，并发表你的看法。注意：1. 要点齐全，适当发挥；2. 从思维导图Sayings部分，选择恰当的格合理利用在短文中；3. 词数：100词左右；【答案】例文 Travelling is one of the best ways for learning. You may have read or heard about something, but you can never get an exact

20、 picture of it until you see it yourself. Seeing is believing. If you are a careful observer, you can learn much during your travel about the geography, biology, and history of the places you visit. You can also create great memories for your lifetime. Furthermore, while travelling, you can meet mor

21、e people and make more friends. No matter how well educated you are, there is always a lot for you to learn through travelling.【详解】这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少，如one of the best ways，learn much，an exact picture of，a careful observer，seeing is believing，no matter，a lot等。而非谓语动词结构Seeing is believing./ Furt

22、hermore, while travelling, you can meet more people and make more friends.和If you are a careful observer, you can learn much during your travel about the geography, biology, and history of the places you visit./ No matter how well educated you are, there is always a lot for you to learn through trav

23、elling.等复杂从句结构的运用，丰富了短文内容，使表达多样化，是本文的亮点。在学习中注意总结牢记一些固定句式及短语，写作时就可以适当引用，使文章表达更有逻辑性，也更富有条理。【点睛】书面表达题既不是汉译英，也不是可任意发挥的作文。它要求将所规定的材料内容经整理后展开思维，考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。所以，考生不能遗漏要点，要尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式，尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得到较高的分数。4 “inspire” 一词的汉语解释是“激励；鼓舞；赋予灵感；或启发思考”等。请以 “The person who inspired me”为题写一篇不少于 80

24、词的短文，向校报的英语园地投稿。要点： 1. What kind of person is he/ she？2. How did he/ she inspire you？ 1. 文中不得出现真实的姓名和校名。2. 语言流畅，字迹清楚。【答案】The person who inspired meMany people around gave me deep impressions. They helped me, encouraged me and inspired me. But the person who inspired me most, I think, is my friend Wa

25、ng Peng. Wang Peng is a small thin boy with two big black eyes. He doesnt talk too much, but always keeps a smile on his face. He is warm-hearted and ready to help others. If I need any help for my math exercises, he is always the one that can help me out. As a good student, he studies very hard. In

26、 the early morning, you can see him stand near a tree and read English intensively. Few students can arrive at school as early as he is. He also does well in many sports, such as badminton and ping-pang. He got the first prize in last years ping-pang competition.You can see the good personality and

27、the spirit of persistence in this small body. He is my idol and I wish I could be a student as good as he is.这篇作文要求我们以The person who inspired me为题，介绍一个曾经激励过你的人。题目中用问题的形式给予了提示，审题可知，短文应包括两个部分的内容：首先介绍这个激励过你的人是谁，他是怎样的一个人；然后介绍他是如何激励你的。学生们可以这两个问题为提纲，发挥想象力，充实细节信息，组织语言，连贯成文。短文应以一般现在时和一般过去时为主来叙述，人称是第三人称和第一人称

28、，注意谓语动词形式的变化。写作时应注意：首先要符合题目要求，包括题目中要求的所有信息，不能遗漏要点，可以适当发挥，注意上下文的衔接。其次应注意英语表达习惯和汉语的不同，不要按照汉语思维逐词翻译。应该从句子的整体结构入手，写完整的句子。可以简单句结构为主，辅以并列句、复合句。为提升文章档次，应使用高级词汇以及复杂结构。同时语句之间使用恰当的连接成分使文意连贯、自然。这是一篇优秀的作文，短文作者根据题目要求，介绍了一个曾经激励过自己的人。短文有以下几个优点：首先文章内容完整，层次清晰，短文分三段，第一段先介绍了这个人是谁，第二段描写了这个人身上的品质以及对自己的应选；最后一段结尾。各部分内容安排合

29、理，主次分明。其次短文中使用了正确的人称和时态，文章以第三人称和第一人称为主来叙述，主要使用了一般现在时和一般过去时，动词形式变化准确，注意了第三人称单数形式以及过去式形式的变化，语法规范。用词准确，语言得体，句式结构完整，符合英语的表达习惯。短文中使用了一些较好的句型和短语，如But the person who inspired me most, I think, is my friend Wang Peng.、Wang Peng is a small thin boy with two big black eyes.、He doesnt talk too much, but always keeps a smile on his face.、If I need any help for my math exercises, he is alw