职称英语卫生类完形填空字典版小抄Word格式.docx

1、The World Health Organization reductions the DOTS3 program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make sure they continue treatment.Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations an

2、nounced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research into new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development4 says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses.

3、 2 A Biological ClockEvery living thing has what sicentists call a biological clock that controls behavior. The biological clock tells plants when to form flowers and when the folwers should open, It tells insects when to leave the protective cocoons and fly away, and it tells animals and human bein

4、gs when to eat, skeep and wake.Events outside the plant and animal affect the actions of some biological clocks. Scientists recently found, for example,that a tiny animal changes the color of its fur because of the number of hours of daylight, In the short days of winter, its fur becomes white,The f

5、ur becomes gray brown in color in the longer hours of daylight in summer. Inner signals control other biological clocks. German scientists found that some kind of internal clock seems to order birds to begin their long migration flight twice each year. Birds prevented from flyin become restless when

6、 it is time for the trip, but they become calm again when the time of the flight has ended.Scientists say they are beginning to learn which parts of the brain contain biological clocks.An American researcher,Martin Moorhead,said a small group of cells near the front of the brainseems to control the

7、timing of some of our actions, These cells tell a oerson when to awaken ,when to sleep and when to seek food, Scientists say there probably are other biological clock cells that control other body activities. Dr.Moorhead is studying how our biological clocks affect the way we do our work. For exampl

8、e, most of us have great difficulty if we must often change to different work hours.It Can take many days for a human body to accept the major change in work hours Dr.Moorhead said industrial officials should have a better understanding of biological clocks and how they affect workers ,He said such

9、understanding could cut sickness and accidents at work and would help increase a factorys production.3 One Good Reason to Let Smallpox LiveIts now a fair bet that we will never see the total extinction of the smallpox virus. The idea was to cap the glorious achievement of 1980, when smallpox was era

10、dicated in the wild, by destroying the killer virus in the last two labs that are supposed to have itone in the US and one in Russia. If smallpox had truly gone from the planet, what point was there in keeping these reserves?in reality, of course, it was naive to imagine that everyone would let go o

11、f such a potential weapon. Undoubtedly several nations still have a few much vials. And the last “official” stocks of lice virus bred mistrust of the US and Russia, for no obvious gain.Now American researchers have found an animal model of the human disease, opening the way for tests on new treatmen

12、ts and vaccines. So one again theres a good reason to keep the virusjust in case the disease puts in a reappearance.How do we_deal with the mistrust of the US and Russia? Simple Keep the virus under international auspices in a well-guarded UN laboratory thats open to all countries. The US will objec

13、t, of course, just as it rejects a multilateral approach to just about everything. But it doesnt mean the idea is wrong. If the virus is useful, then lets make it the servant of all humanitynot just a part of it. 4 Diet, Alcohol Linked to Nearly One Third of CancersDiet is second only to tobacco as

14、a leading cause of cancer and, along with alcohol, is responsible for nearly one third of cases of the disease in developed countries, a leading researcher said on Tuesday.Dr. Tim Key, of the University of Oxford, told a cancer conference that scientists are still discovering how certain foods contr

15、ibute to cancer,but they know that diet, alcohol and obesity . play a major role.“Five percent of cancers could be avoided if nobody was obese,” he said.While tobacco is blinked to about 30 percent of cancer cases, diet is involved in an estimated 25 percent and alcohol in about six percent.Obesity

16、raises the risk of breast, womb, bowel and kidney cancer, while alcohol is known to cause cancers of the mouth, throat and liver, Its dangerous impact is increased when combined with smoking.Key told the meeting of the charity Cancer Research UK that other elements of diet linked to cancer are still

17、 unknown but scientists are hoping that the EPIC study, which is comparing the diets of 500,000 people in 10 countries and their risk of cancer, will provide some answers .Early results of the study have revealed that Norway, Sweden and Denmark have the lowest consumption of fruit and vegetables amo

18、ng European countries while Italy and Spain have the highest. Eating at least five portions of fruit and vegetables a day is recommended to reduce the risk of cancer.Key, principal scientist on the EPIC study, said it is looking at dietary links to some of the most common cancers including colorecta

19、l, breast and prostate.5 Men Too May Suffer from Domestic Violence Nearly three in 10 men have experienced violence at the hands of an intimate partner during their lifetimes, according to one of the few studies to look at domestic violence and health among men. Many men actually do experience domes

20、tic violence, although we dont hear about it often, Dr. Robert J. Reid of the University of Washington in Seattle, one of the studys authors, told Reuters Health. They often dont tell _ and_ we dont ask. We want to get the message out to men who do experience domestic violence that they are not alon

21、e and there are resources available to them The researchers asked study participants about physical abuse and non-physical abuse , such as threats that made them fear for their safety, controlling behavior （for example, being told who they could associate with and where they could go）, and constant

22、name-calling. Among men 18 to 54 years old, 14.2 percent said they had experienced intimate partner _violence in the past five years, while 6. 1 percent reported domestic violence in the previous year. Rates were lower for men 55 and older ,with 5.3 percent reporting violence in the past five years

23、and 2.4 percent having experienced it in the past 12 months. Overall, 30.5 percent of men younger than 55 and 26.5 percent of older men said they had been victims of domestic violence at some point in their lives. About half of the violence the men experienced was physical. However, the physical vio

24、lence men reported wasnt as harsh as that suffered by women in a previous study; 20 percent to 40 percent of the men rated it as severe, compared to 61 percent of women Men who reported experiencing domestic violence had more emotional and mental health problems than those who had not, especially ol

25、der men, the researchers found.*6 Once-daily Pill Could Simplify HIV TreatmentBristol-Myers Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences have combined many HIV drugs into a single pill Sometimes the best medicine is more than one kind of medicine. Malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS,2 for example, are all treate

26、d with combinations of drugs. But that can mean a lot of pills to take. It would be simpler if drug companies combined all the medicines into a single pill, taken just once a day. Now, two companies say they have done that for people just starting treatment for HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The c

27、ompanies are Bristol-Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences. They have developed a single pill that combines three drugs currently on the market.3 Bristol-Myers Squibb sells one of them under the name of Sustiva.4 Gilead combined the others, Emtriva and Viread, into a single pill in two thousand four. Combining drugs involves more than technical issues. It also involves issues of competition if the drugs are made by different companies. The new once-daily pill is the result of what