1、imaginative engagement.(07年1月老六级改错第10题) (2)Mass literacy is a relative new social goal.(06年6月六级改错第九题) (3)A good CV is your passport to an interview and, ultimate, to the job you want.(06年1月六级改错第二题) (4)She says efforts are continuing to complete end the disease.(05年1月六级改错第三题)complete要改成副词形式completely
2、修饰动词end。(5)The WHO has given multi-drug therapy to patients freely for the last five years.(05年1月六级改错第九题) (5)Culture is essentially to our humanness.(04年6月六级改错第8题)(6)Except for relative-isolated trouble spots like present-day Somalia(04年1月第三题)注意:A-A题错误有一种变体题型AN.所谓AN题型, 就是指A(adjective)与N(noun)之间的混淆,举
3、例如下:(1)Now what started in schools across the country is playing itself out on a nation stage and is possibly having an impact on the reading habits of the Ameri- can public.(07年1月新六级第十题) (2)Understanding the original of the negative attit- udes towards science may help us to modify them. (07年1月老六级第
4、四题)3.逻辑错误。1.反义词。这是短文改错中出现频率较高也是短文改错中最具特色的一种错误类型,这类错误必须在透彻理解上下文语义的基础上才能发现并更正。常见的这类错误有:派生反义词。如:encourage-discourage,load-unload,satisfy-dissatisfy等。互补性反义词。dead-alive,boy-girl,man-woman,male-female,brother-sister,married-single等。换位性反义词。buy-sell,give-receive,lend-borrow,husband-wife,parent-child,left-ri
5、ght等。相对性反义词。easy-hard,big-small,cold-hot,old-young,wide-narrow,love-hate等。按上下文语义,行中多用了not或no,或必须添上not或no。2.连接性词语。连接性词语虽属传统的语法题,但其用法主要依据上下文语义上的逻辑关系,即对上下文的理解。短文改错设计中的连接性词语的错误包括:并列连词。and,but,for,or等。1 主从连词。这类词较多,如:because,(al)though,if,unless,before,after,until,as,while,whereas等。2 连接性副词。however,moreove
6、r,besides,nevertheless,then,thus等。连接性介词。becauseof,despite,besides,insteadof等。这种错误一般得根据上下文判断得出,分析这么多年六级改错的逻辑错误,答案无一例外都是将文中某个用错的词(很多情况下是一个形容词)改成它的反义词或添上一个否定词,这里要求同学们掌握一些常用的否定词缀,如in-、un-等等,因为有的形容词加上否定词缀就变成了它的反义词,举例如下:(1)the leaders of our country are unconsciously sending the message that reading may b
7、e connected to desirable activities that(07年1月新六级改错第七题) (2)The task of learning facts and concepts, one at a time, makes learning laborious, boring and efficient. (07年1月老六级改错第八题) (3)But in the Information Age, no one can get by with knowing how to read well and understand increasingly complex materi
8、al.(06年6月六级改错第十题) (4)Initial impressions are vital, and a badly presented CV could mean acceptance, regardless of whats in it.(06年1月六级改错第三题) (5)the person who is unfamiliar with the arts, music, literature, philosophy, or history.(04年6月六级改错第六题) (6)Except for relatively-isolated trouble spots like pr
9、esent-day Somalia, and occasional years of good harvests, the worlds food crisis has remained just around the corner.(04年1月六级改错第四题) (7)Get someone to check for spelling and grammatic- al errors, because a spell-checker will pick up every mistake.(06年1月六级改错第6题)4.-ing型与-ed型改错题。此类题一般是动词后面少了ing或ed,这种题经常
10、出现,值得注意。-ing型改错题分两种情况:(1)介词后面或某些动词后面跟着的动词需要使用该动词的-ing形式(2)用一个逗号将一个动词与其逻辑主语分开,该动词需要用-ing分词形式,举例如下:(1)The House proposal would have barred the federal government from demand library records.(07年1月新六级改错第三题) (2)As a result, too many kids passed through school without mastering the printed page.(06年6月六级改
11、错第1题) (3)Here are a few ways to avoid end up on the reject pile.(06年1月六级改错第4题) (4)This modern treatment will cure leprosy in 6 to 12 months, depend on the form of the disease.(05年1月六级改错第8题) (5)Culture refers to the social heritage of a people- the learned patterns for thinking, feeling and acting th
12、at characterize a population or society, include the expression of these patterns in material things.(04年6月六级改错第一题)-ed型改错:(1)If you have to send one, make sure it is one taking in a professional setting(06年1月六级改错第九题)这里的one指代前文的photo,我们都知道照相用take a photo, (2)The rule here is to keep it factual and tr
13、uthful- exaggerations usually get find out.(06年1月六级改错第10题)-ed型改错从本质上说就是要能发现动词与其逻辑主语的关系,动词是施动者,而其逻辑主语接收动词发出的动作.这和被动语态实际上是一个道理,下面举几个被动语态的题:(1) The day the NEA report released.(07年1月新六级改错第2题)(2) Studies indicate that many girls are affecting as well-and not getting help.(06年6月六级改错第6题) 受到影响显然要用被动语态,所以af
14、fecting要改成过去式affected.值得注意的是,affect是改错命题专家比较偏爱的一个词,在05年1月的改错中考查了effect与affect的区别,大家对这个词要好好掌握。(3)The members of the alliance against leprosy plan to target the countries which still threatened by leprosy.(05年1月六级第10题) 5.单复数错误与主谓不一致错误。这个考点在六级改错中出现的也很频繁,同学们对这种错误也比较熟悉,做题时一定得仔细观察句子的主语:(1)Most education s
15、ystem neglect exploration, under- standing and reflection.(07年1月老六级第五题) (2)There is therefore a need for resources and methods of teaching that facilitates a deep under- standing of science in an enjoyable way.(07年1月老六级第九题) (3)New screening tests are identifying children at risk before they get disc
16、ouraged by year of frustra- tion and failure.(06年6月六级改错第8题) (4)physical object like cooking pots, computers and bathtubs.(04年6月六级改错第三题) (5)There is no guarantee that plant breeders can cont- inue to develop new, higher-yielding crop(04年1月六级改错第10题)6.指代错误与冠词错误。同单复数一样,解指代错误题也要关注指代的对象到底是单数还是复数:(1)During
17、 the 1980s culture wars, school systems across the country pulled some books from library shelves because its content was deemed by parents and teachers to be inappropriate.(07年1月新六级改错第9题)(2)As a result, children memorize processes such as mathematical formulas or the periodic table, only to forget
18、it shortly afterwards.(07年1月六级改错第7题) (3) At same time(06年6月六级改错第七题)(4) in first paragraph(06年1月六级改错第一题)(5) a number of leprosy cases around the world has been cut by ninety percent during the past ten years. (05年1月六级改错第一题)(6)The fast-growing populations demand for food, they warned, would soon excee
19、d their supply(04年1月六级改错第二题)7. 用法搭配方面的错误(介词短语的考查)。分析这几年的改错,这一考点几乎成了每次考试必考的知识点,但这个得靠各位的基本功了,因为事先无法知道要考查哪个介词短语.不过看看这几年考过的介词短语搭配,我们可以发现其实都是一些最基本的,不会出现生僻的:in every region, oweto, in detail, in effect, for the reason, cause damage to, deal with, for instance. 除此之外,强调句,同位语从句,定语从句,名词性从句以及时态和一些连词也常出现在六级的改错中
20、。1. 介词。介词主要涉及用法与搭配,是短文改错中出现频率最高,也是考生最易失分的一类题型,要在这类题型的辨错改错上有所突破,考生必须注意平时介词用法知识的积累。在改错中,请注意从以下几个方面辨认。1 介词与动词的搭配。accuse sb.of,chargesb.with,preventsb.from,prohibitsb.from,differfrom,contributeto等。2 介词与名词的搭配。counton,influenceon,improveon,beliefin,confidencein,advantageover,preferenceover,attitudeto,solu
21、tionto等。介词与形容词的搭配。differentfrom,indifferentto,dependenton,independentof,guiltyof,innocentof,persistentin,proficientin等。由介词引起的短语。incontrast,inturn,inthelongrun,bymeansof,intermsof,ongood/badtermswith,onthecontrary,bychance,byturns等。2.成语。短文改错的命题标的也常对准各类成语,尤其是成语中的介词、冠词和名词的单复数形式等。这类错误的出现频率也较高。介词错误。takep
22、ridefor(in),abideto(by),persiston(in),havenoearto(for)等。冠词错误。inthecontrast(incontrast),allofsudden(allofasudden),keepapacewith(keeppacewith)等。名词单复数。taketurn(taketurns),makefriendwith(makefriendswith),keep/breakoneswords(keep/breakonesword)等。三)动词方面的错误这方面的错误主要涉及:1.分词。主要是现在分词和过去分词的误用。apuzzledquestionap
23、uzzlingquestionanexcitinggirlanexcitedgirl2.系动词。be以外的其他系动词被误用作行为动词,后面应该接形容词作表语,但接了副词。Themealsmellsbadly.Themealsmellsbad.系动词be在某些形容词前常受汉语影响而被遗漏。这些形容词有afraid,alive,aware,conscious,guilty,worth等。3.动词的及物与不及物。改错中常有不及物动词被误用作及物动词(缺介词),或及物动词被误用作不及物动词(多介词)。前者如:complainthebadservicethere(应加of)后者如:considerofh
24、issuggestion(应删of)4.短语动词。主要是带介词或副词的短语动词,常设计成介词或副词小品词的错误。由于这类错误主要是搭配问题,我们将它归入第二类用法搭配方面的错误一并讨论。5.句型。这类错误主要涉及:动词句型。主要是带复杂宾语的动词的固定搭配模式。finditneccessarytodosth./spendsometime(in)doingsth./makesb.dosth./leavesth.tosb./beseentodo/doingsth.等。传统句型。即传统语法概念上与动词有关的句子模式。主要有以下几类:a)省略句型。WhilewatchTV,theyheardsomeo
25、neupstairsshout“Fire!Fire!”(watchwatching)b)动词非谓语形式作主语、宾语。有时需用it作形式主语或形式宾语。Thisisnogoodarguingwithhim.(ThisIt)Wethinkthatnecessarytohavethebridgebuiltfirst.(thatit)在复合宾语中,有时可直接用动名词作宾语;动名词或动词不定式可以作主语,但动词原形则不能直接充当句子主语。Thenewpolicymadetomakeourendsmeetpossible.(tomakemaking)Knowonlytherulesisnotenough.
26、(KnowsKnowing或Toknow)6.语气、语态、时态。这类错误在数量上所占比例极少,主要是虚拟语气的用法错误、被动语态的误用及过去时与现在时的混用。四)其他语法方面的错误1.词性。涉及:名词与动词的误用。approvalapprove,salesell名词与形容词的误用。medicinemedical/medicinal,emotionemotional形容词与副词的误用。highhighly,meremerely这类错误常出现在be以外的系动词后。feelbadlyfeelbad,growuneasilygrowuneasy2.代词。代词错误是短文改错中出现频率较高的几类错误之一,几乎每套试题中都有。主要涉及:指代错误。主要是第三人称代词指代的误用;不定代词one和those与人称代词you和them的混用及指人与指物的误用等。关系代词的误用。主要为that与which、who与which、as与which的误用;what与that的混用;形式代词it与this、that的误用。findthisimportanttopreviewthelesson(这里的this应改为形式宾语it)。不定代词的误用。主要为不定代词与指示代词these或人称代词的误用;somone/sombody、everyone/everybody被误用作
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