Made in China how to break the siegeWord文档下载推荐.docx

1、 not only the number of cases involving trade protection, huge sums, and come in all forms of trade protection in foreign countries, the pattern-changing. Chinas manufacturing industry as well as the traditional two against two outside shocks, also faced in some countries to improve green technology

2、 barriers, import duties, currency devaluation, hindering the trade of transnational investment and a series of initiatives. No exaggeration to say, China is in the forefront of global trade protectionism, is grim. 一、 贸易保护主义有恃无恐First, the trade protectionism has nothing to fear为了应对本国国内的金融危机，一些国家实施的保

3、护措施已经无所顾忌，对中国的产品设置了更为严格的屏障，并表现出如下的一些特征。In response to the financial crisis in the country, implementation of protection measures have been irresponsibly in some countries, barriers to Chinas products have set more rigorous, and show some of the features are as follows. 1.贸易保护呈多发态势，涉案金额大幅上升。据商务部公平贸易局

4、的统计数据显示，2009 年1-8月，共有17个国家（地区）对中国发起79起贸易救济调查，其中，反倾销50起、反补贴9起、保障措施13起、特保7起，涉案总金额约100.35亿美元，同比分别增长16.2%和121.2%。Trade protection was prone posture, and a large increase in the money involved. According to the Fair Trade Bureau of the Ministry of Commerce statistics show that from January to August 2009

5、 , 17 countries （regions） of China launched 79 trade cure investigations , of which 50 cases of antidumping , countervailing nine safeguards 13 special protection from the total amount involved is about $ 10.035 billion, an increase of 16.2% and 121.2% respectively.美国、欧盟、土尔其、印度、巴西、澳大利亚、俄罗斯、阿根廷、巴基斯坦、

6、墨西哥等对我国各类产品发起的贸易保护措施更是呈围剿之势，仅6月23日一天，在中国连遭三起贸易摩擦。贸易保护的案件不仅数量多，而且金额越来越大，2009年4月以来，美国对中国乘用车和轻型货车轮胎启动特保调查、对油井管产品发起“双反”调查，涉案金额分别高达17亿美元和26亿美元之巨。The United States, the European Union , Turkey , India , Brazil , Australia, Russia, Argentina , Pakistan , Mexico and other trade protection measures started b

7、y China of various products is was a tendency of the siege, June 23 , one day , she had a lot in China three cases of trade friction . Cases not only the number of trade protection , and the amount is increasing , since April 2009 , the U.S. special safeguard investigation launched China s passenger

8、 car and light truck tires , double reverse investigation of OCTG products launched , involving respectively up to $ 1.7 billion and $ 2.6 billion giant .2.“特殊保障调查”将会成为频频使用的杀手锏。2009年9月11日，美国总统奥巴马批准对从中国进口的小轿车和轻型卡车轮胎采取特保限制措施，实施为期三年的惩罚性关税，率先对“中国制造”使出了新的杀手锏。Special safeguard investigations would become

9、a frequent use of maces. September 11, 2009, United States President Barack Obamas approval to import car and light truck tires from China to adopt safeguard measures, to carry out punitive tariffs for three years, first on has employed a new murderer. “特殊保障调查”是中国入世时签订的条款，具有歧视性，主要内容是中国产品在出口有关WTO 成员国

10、时，如果数量增加幅度过大，以至于对这些成员国的相关产业造成“严重损害”或构成“严重损害威胁”时，那么这些成员国可单独针对中国产品采取保障措施，如通过增加关税、实施非关税措施（如数量限制）或两者并用来限制从中国进口。 Special safeguard investigation Chinas accession to the WTO signed the terms discriminating nature , the main contents of Chinese products in the export-related member of the WTO , if the incr

11、ease in the number of extent too large to cause serious damage to the related industries of the member states or a serious threat of injury , then the member States individually against Chinese products to take security measures, such as by increasing the tariffs, to carry out no tariff measures （su

12、ch as the number of constraints）, or both , and used to limit imports from China.在这场应对金融危机的贸易保护战中，美国率先启动特保措施，开了一个恶劣的先例。其他一些国家有可能仿效美国利用这一杀伤性较强的武器对中国出口产品的大举围歼。Trade protection war in this response to the financial crisis, the United States the first to start a special protective measure, and opened a

13、bad precedent. Some other countries may follow the example of large-scale surround and destroy the United States to use the weapons of destruction strong Chinese exports.3. 反补贴调查呈现出快速蔓延趋势。反补贴是指一国政府或者任何公共机构向本国的生产者或者出口经营者提供资金或财政优惠措施，包括现金补贴等政策优惠待遇，使其产品在国际市场上比未享受补贴的同类产品处于更加有利的竞争地位。近年来，全球范围内的反补贴调查立案数量呈下降

14、态势，但针对中国的反补贴调查却呈上升趋势。（3） The countervailing duty investigations showing a rapid spread. The Countervailing is a government or any public body to domestic producers or the export operators to provide funds or financial concessions, including cash subsidies and other policies of preferential treatment

15、, and their products in international markets than similar products in the no subsidized more favorable competitive position. In recent years, the worldwide ant subsidy investigations the number of downward trend, but the ant subsidy investigations against Chinese was an upward trend.2007 年美国和加拿大共对中

16、国发起8 起调查，占全球发起反补贴调查的73%，中国成为被发起反补贴调查最多的国家；2008 年，遭遇11 起反倾销调查；2009 年前9个月已经有10 起。从国别上看，反补贴调查已由发达国家向发展中国家蔓延。如澳大利亚对华反补贴调查申请书指控的项目绝大部分来自于美国铜版纸案，并且将上游供应商也列入调查范围。In 2007, the United States and Canada, China launched eight investigations, accounting for 73% of the global launch of the antisubsidy investigat

17、ions, China started antisubsidy investigations; In 2008, faced 11 cases of antidumping investigations ; the first nine months of 2009 has been there are 10 cases . Country belief, the spread of countervailing investigations has developed to developing countries. Such as most of Australia s antisubsi

18、dy investigations in China application asserted project from the U.S. coated paper case, and upstream suppliers also included in the scope of the investigation.南非对华反补贴申请书指控的项目绝大部分来自于加拿大铜制管件案。印度已在前不久对我发起了反补贴立案调查，欧盟、墨西哥、阿根廷、巴西等国也在酝酿之中，反补贴调查呈现出快速蔓延趋势。Most of South Africa, China countervailing applicati

19、on asserted project from the case of copper pipe fittings in Canada. India has recently launched me countervailing investigation, the European Union, Mexico, Argentina, Brazil and other countries are also brewing, antisubsidy investigations showing a rapid spread.4. 各种贸易保护措施往往叠加使用。金融危机以来，各国贸易保护的另一个特

20、点是其设置的技术性壁垒花样多并出现向新的领域发展的趋势，各种贸易保护措施在同一次调查中往往叠加使用。Various trade protection measures often superimposed to use. Since the financial crisis, another feature of the national trade protection is a set of technical barriers tricks and more and to emerge the trend to develop new areas, various trade prote

21、ction measures often superimposed in the same survey .比如：针对一个商品同时发起反倾销和特保调查。尤其要引起注意的是，由加拿大首开先例、美国有过之而无不及的反倾销反补贴合并调查引发的蝴蝶效应，影响日益加深。在全球经济趋恶的情况下，为保护本国（地区）产业，其他WTO 成员纷纷效仿加拿大和美国的做法，对我国产品进行反倾销反补贴的合并调查。“双反”趋势愈演愈烈。For example: for a commodity at the same time to start antidumping and safeguard investigation

22、s. Particular attention, from Canada to set a precedent, the butterfly affect caused by the United States is worse than antidumping subsidy investigations, increasingly influenced. In the global economy increasingly evil, for to protect the country （region） industry, other WTO members have to follow

23、 the practise in Canada and the United States for our products, antidumping and countervailing merger investigations. “Double reverse “trend intensified.5“救市措施”之下的干预型的保护倾向明显。为了减缓金融危机对本国经济的冲击，各国政府纷纷出台一系列“救市措施”，这些措施无一例外的都有“购买国货”或雇用本地员工的规定，是贸易保护浓墨重彩，纷纷登场的具体表现。Rescue measures “under the protection of th

24、e intervention type the tendency is obvious. In order to mitigate the impact of the financial crisis on their economies , governments have introduced a series of rescue measures , these measures without exception, have a buy local or hire local staff regulations , trade protection, carefully written

25、 , and have appeared specific performance.美国参议院最近通过的2009 年美国复兴与再投资议案要求，对于使用财政刺激资金项目和一些公共工程项目所需的产成品如钢材等要求“购买美国货”，甚至有议员主张美国企业应首先雇佣“美国人”；U.S. Senate recently passed the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment motion Buy American requirements for the use of fiscal stimulus funding projects and public wo

26、rks projects needed to finished products such as steel and other requirements , and even Members advocated that the U.S. companies should be first Employment Americans ;欧盟宣布对部分奶制品实施出口补贴；英国人要求政府刺激计划受益行业和企业只能雇佣本国人的示威游行已经蔓延到全国；俄罗斯对汽车业实施补贴政策并提高汽车进口关税；“意大利人吃意大利食品”运动打着“维系传统，为文化保驾护航”的幌子，实际上在于保护本国食品产业；阿根廷对所

27、谓部分敏感商品进口增加非自动进口许可要求；印度对我国玩具暂停进口六个月等等，可见，“救市措施”之下，国际贸易保护现象有增无减。发展中国家贸易保护案件剧增。The EU announced the implementation of export subsidies for some dairy products ; requirements of the British government stimulus plan to benefit the industries and enterprises can only employment national demonstrations ha

28、ve spread throughout the country ; the Russian auto industry subsidy policy and increase car import tariffs ; Italians eat the name of sustaining the traditional culture escort under the guise of Italian food movement , in fact, is to protect the domestic food industry ; Argentina sensitive imports

29、of goods, the so - called part of the increase in non-automatic import licensing requirements ; India six months moratorium on the import of Chinas toy visible rescue measures under the increasing phenomenon of international trade protection . Dramatic increase in cases of trade protection in develo

30、ping countries .在所有贸易保护中，发展中国家的贸易保护案件数量已经超过发达国家，国际贸易的争夺非常激烈。从国别上来看，发展中国家比发达国家更加倾向对华反倾销。不仅来自美国、欧盟等发达国家和地区的调查增多，印度、阿根廷、巴基斯坦、巴西、墨西哥、俄罗斯等发展中国家也加入了贸易保护的行列。发展中国家与我国贸易摩擦强度也越来越大。尤其是印度，对我国发起的贸易救济调查可以用狂轰滥炸来形容，成为金融危机以来对我国发起贸易救济调查案件数最多的国家。All trade protection trade protection in developing countries the number

31、of cases has more than developed countries, international trade competition is very intense. From the country on developing countries than in developed countries more inclined to anti-dumping. Not only from the United States, European Union and other developed countries and regions in the survey inc

32、reased, India, Argentina, Pakistan, Brazil, Mexico, Russia and other developing countries also joined the ranks of trade protection. Developing countries and China trade friction strength is also growing. India trade remedy investigations initiated in our country can be described as indiscriminate bombing to become the largest national t