46级阅读理解真题Word下载.docx

1、Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldnt think

2、 thats the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are da

3、ngerous only if programmers are careless.The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to so sufficient testing and theyve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo（禁忌）.One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of actio

4、n with a human when presented with an unusual situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps（嘟嘟声）, and ask for directions from a human. If we humans arent quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.The mo

5、st difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.46.What does the author say about the threat of robots?A）It may constitute a challenge to computer

6、progranmers.B）It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.C）It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.D）It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.47.What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the aut

7、hor?A）They are aggressive.B）They are outgoing.C）They are ignorant.D）They are ill-bred.48.How do robots learn human values?A）By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.B）By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than w

8、omen with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advan

9、tageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who ar

10、e fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mot

11、hers personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when were adults,

12、which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.Personality isnt destiny（命运）, and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isnt just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health.51. The aim of the study in the Journal of

13、the American Geriatrics Society is_.A）to see whether peoples personality affects their life spanB）to find out if ones lifestyle has any effect on their healthC）to investigate the role of exercise in living a long lifeD）to examine all the factors contributing to longevity52. What does the author impl

14、y about outgoing and sympathetic people?A）They have a good understanding of evolution.B）They are better at negotiating an agreement.C）They generally appear more resourceful.D）They are more likely to get over hardship.53. What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation?A）Easy-go

15、ing people can also live a relatively long life.B）Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times.C）Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.D）Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity.54. What does the recent study of

16、 Norwegian mothers show?A）Childrens personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers.B）People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner.C）Mothers influence on children may last longer than fathers.D）Mothers negative personality characteristics may affect their child

17、rens life spans.55.What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies?A）Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short ones life span.B）Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.C）Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.D）Health is in large part

18、 related to ones lifestyle.2016年6级阅读理：Passage OneInteractive television advertising, which allows viewers to use their remote controls to click on advertisements, has been pushed for years. Nearly a decade ago it was predicted that viewers of “Friends”, a popular situation comedy, would soon be able

19、 to purchase a sweater like Jennifer Anistons with a few taps on their remote control.“Its been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years,”says Colin Dixon of a digital-media consultancy.So the news that Cablevision, and American cable company, was rolling out i

20、nteractive advertisements to all its customers on October 6th was greeted with some skepticism. During commercials, an overlay will appear at the bottom of the screen, prompting viewers to press a button to request a free sample or order a catalogue. Cablevision hopes to allow customers to buy thing

21、s with their remote controls early next year.Television advertising could do with a boost. Spending fell by 10% in the first half of the year. The popularization of digital video recorders has caused advertisers to worry that their commercials will be skipped. Some are turning to the Internet, which

22、 is cheaper and offers concrete measurements like click-through ratesespecially important at a time when marketing budgets are tight. With the launch of interactive advertising,“many of the dollars that went to the Internet will come back to the TV,”says David Kline of Cablevision. Or so the industr

23、y hopes.In theory, interactive advertising can engage viewers in a way that 30-second spots do not. Unilever recently ran an interactive campaign for its Axe deodorant（除臭剂），which kept viewers engaged for more than three minutes on average.The amount spent on interactive advertising on television is

24、still small. Magna, an advertising agency, reckons it will be worth about $138 million this year. That falls far short of the billions of dollars people once expected it to generate. But DirecTV, Comcast and Time Warner Cable have all invested in it. A new effort led by Canoe Ventures, a coalition o

25、f leading cable providers, aims to make interactive advertising available across America later this year. BrightLine iTV, Which designs and sells interactive ads, says interest has surged: it expects its revenues almost to triple this year. BSkyB, Britains biggest satellite-television service, alrea

26、dy provides 9 million customers with interactive ads.Yet there are doubts whether people watching television, a“lean back”medium, crave interaction. Click-through rates have been high so far（around 3-4%, compared with less than 0.3% online）, but that may be a result of the novelty. Interactive ads a

27、nd viewers might not go well together.46.What does Colin Dixon mean by saying“Its been the year of interactive television advertising for the last ten or twelve years”（Lines 4-5, Para.1）?A）Interactive television advertising will become popular in 10-12 years.B）Interactive television advertising has

28、been under debate for the last decade or so.C）Interactive television advertising is successful when incorporated into situation comedies.D）Interactive television advertising has not achieved the anticipated results.47.What is the publics response to Cablevisions planned interactive TV advertising pr

29、ogram?A）Pretty positive.B）Totally indifferent.C）Somewhat doubtful.D）Rather critical.48.What is the impact of the wide use of digital video recorders on TV advertising?A）It has made TV advertising easily accessible to viewers.B）It helps advertisers to measure the click-through rates.C）It has placed TV advertising at a great disadvantage.D）It enables viewers to check the sales items with ease.49.What do we learn about Unilevers interactive campaign?A）It proves the advan