高一英语语法文档格式.docx

1、 Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词） Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示： Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组） He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）

2、He is proud to have passed the examination.（不定式短语） He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）（九） 同位语：用来说明或者解释同一事物或人，通常放在所说明的名词或者代词之后。Mr. Smith,our new teacher,is very kind to us.Yesterday I met Tom,a friend of my brothers. The factthat he had not said anythingsurprised everybody 即时训练：指出下列句子划线部分是什

3、么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is g

4、oing to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it important to master English.14. Would you please tell me your address?15. He sat there, readin

5、g a newspaper.16. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.17. He noticed a man enter the room.18. The apples tasted sweet. 二. 英语句子分类一）句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didnt hear of you before.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or

6、seven years old? Mary can swim, cant she?3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Dont talk in class4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!2、按句子的结构可分三种：1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2

7、） 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e.g. You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall. 三. 简单句

8、的五种基本句型1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g. He is a student.2、主语+谓语（不及物动词）：e.g. We work.3、主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.4、主语+谓语+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g. My father bought me a car.5、主语+谓语+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.判断简单句的五种基本句型。1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to

9、talk with you 3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. Would you please pass me the cup? 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city 7. Trees turn green when spring comes. 8. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 9. All the students th

10、ink highly of his teaching. 10. He asked us to sing an English song. 11. The idea sounds great.12. We will make our school more beautiful.13. Ill get my hair cut tomorrow.14. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town. 15. The old man lives a lonely life. 四 . 定语从句讲解（1）（一）定义及相关术

11、语1定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有when,where,why等。关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。 例如：Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherapoliceman.该句中，who是定语从句，修饰先行词theman，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词theman

12、，在定语从句中作主语。（二）定语从句的分类定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。（非限）There is somebody here who wants to speak to you这里有人要和你说话（限制性）（二）关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词一览表 功能 作用用于限制性从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句代替人代替物代替人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whom定语whose （ = of whom）whose （

13、= of which）1who指人，在定语从句中作主语。YesterdayIhelpedanoldhadlosthisway.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。Thattheteacherteachesusphysics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。2whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。Mr.Liuperson（whom）youtalkedaboutonbus.刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。LiMingjustboywanttosee.李明正是我想要见的男孩。注意：关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替，也可省略。（whom/who） youmetnowfriend.

14、 3Which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Thispen（which）heboughtyesterday.这是他昨天买的钢笔。filmtheywentseelastnightwasnotinterestingatall.他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。4that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。Wherethatwhomsawthismorning?我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？/whomintroducedmeverykind.你介绍给我的那个人很友好。seasonwhichcomesafterspr

15、ingsummer.春天以后的季节是夏季。receivedlettercamefromAustralia.昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信。* 具体使用时还要注意下列问题：1、只能使用that,不用which 的情况：* 1） 当先行词是：all , any ,much; little; none; anything , everything , nothing或被它们修饰时。Is there anything that I can do for you ? 有什么可以为你做的吗？All that can be done must be done . 凡是能做的都必须做。* 2）当先行词被形容

16、词的最高级或序数词修饰时。例如：That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop.那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。The first thing that we should do is to get some food .我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。* 3）当先行词有：the only , the very , the same , the last 等修饰时。My necklace is not the only thing thats missing.我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。* 4）当主句

17、以who或which开头时，定语从句中引导词用that ,不用which 或 who ，以避免重复。Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat?正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁？* 5）当先行词既有人又有物时，用that 。The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known .你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。2、只用which不用that的情况：* 1） 关系代词前有介词时；e.g. This is the room in which Lu

18、 Xun lived.* 2） 非限定性定语从句中；作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。e.g. That necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday* 3） 先行词本身是that时；e.g. The clock is that which tells the time 即时训练： I will tell him all you told me at the ball. The only thing we could do was to wait. The first place we visited was the Gr

19、eat Wall. We talked about the people and the villages we remembered.5Whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。visitedscientistwhosenameknownallovercountry.我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。Hehasfrienddoctor.他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。oncelivedinhouserooffallenin.我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。指物时，常用下列结构来代替：classroomdoorbrokenwillsoonberepaired.ofDolikebookcov

20、eryellow?（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。school（whichthat）studiedfamous.famous.他曾经就读过的学校很出名。playedtennisyesterday.这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。 一、请分析一下定语从句：（ 请划出定语从句，并标出先行词）Eg.1 . Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar.2. You couldnt understand people who talked fast.3.

21、I have some ideas that may help.4. They said something you didnt like.5. Can you think of any problems you have had recently?6. What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey?7. Standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some countries.二 定语从句易犯错误 （改错）1Some of t

22、he boys I invited them didnt come 2The book that you need it is in the library 3Anyone who break the law will be punished 4Those who has finished may go home 5Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth 6The key opens the bike is missing 7The house where he lives in needs repairing 8I still rem

23、ember the day on when I first came to Beijing 9Have you asked her for the reason why may explain her absence？10I dont believe the reason why he has given for his being late 三、用关系代词填空：that 、which 、who、 whom 、whose1. This is the man _ wants to see you.2. The student _ answered the question is Zhang Hu

24、a.3. The man _ you went to see has come.4. The woman _ you saw is our geography teacher.5. The man _was passing by saw what happened.6. Here is the pen _ you lost the day before yesterday.7. These books _ you lent me were very useful.8. I will never forget the days_ we spent together.9. A clock is a machine _ tells people the time.10. A dictionary is a book _ gives the meaning to the word.11. I will never forget the people and the places _ I have ever visited.12. Is there anyone _ family is in Beijing?1