高一英语语法文档格式.docx
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Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容词)
Chinaisadevelopingcountry;
Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分词)
Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短语)
(八)状语:
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。
可由以下形式表示:
Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副词及副词性词组)
Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介词短语)
Heisproudtohavepassedtheexamination.(不定式短语)
Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分词短语)
(九)同位语:
用来说明或者解释同一事物或人,通常放在所说明的名词或者代词之后。
Mr.Smith,
ournewteacher,
isverykindtous.
YesterdayImetTom,
afriendofmybrother'
s.
Thefact
thathehadnotsaidanything
surprisedeverybody.
★即时训练:
指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:
1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.
2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.
3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.
4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!
5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.
6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.
7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.
8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.
9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.
10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.
11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.
12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.
13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.
14.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?
15.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.
16.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.
17.Henoticedamanentertheroom.
18.Theapplestastedsweet.
二.英语句子分类
一)句子种类两种分类法
1、按句子的用途可分四种:
1)陈述句(肯定、否定):
Heissixyearsold;
Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.
2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意):
Dotheylikeskating?
Howoldishe?
Ishesixorsevenyearsold?
Marycanswim,can’tshe?
3)祈使句:
Becareful,boys;
Don’ttalkinclass
4)感叹句:
Howclevertheboyis!
2、按句子的结构可分三种:
1)简单句:
只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。
e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.
TomandMikeareAmericanboys.
Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.
2)并列句:
由并列连词(and,but,or等)或分号(;
)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。
e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.
Thefutureisbright;
theroadistortuous.前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。
3)复合句:
含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。
复合句包含:
名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。
e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.
三.简单句的五种基本句型
1、主语+系动词+表语:
e.g.Heisastudent.
2、主语+谓语(不及物动词):
e.g.Wework.
3、主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语:
e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.
4、主语+谓语+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语):
e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.
5、主语+谓语+复合宾语(宾语+宾补):
e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.
判断简单句的五种基本句型。
1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.
2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou
3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.
4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.
5.Wouldyoupleasepassmethecup?
6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity.
7.Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.
8.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.
9.Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching.
10.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.
11.Theideasoundsgreat.
12.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.
13.I’llgetmyhaircuttomorrow.
14.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown.
15.Theoldmanlivesalonelylife.
四.定语从句讲解
(1)
(一)定义及相关术语
1.定语从句:
修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2.先行词:
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词:
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that,
which,
who,
whom,
whose,
as等;
关系副词有when,
where,
why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用:
A、引导定语从句;
B、代替先行词;
C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如:
The
man
who
is
shaking
hands
with
my
father
a
policeman.
该句中,who
是定语从句,修饰先行词the
man,
“who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词the
man,在定语从句中作主语。
(二)定语从句的分类
定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.
查理史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
(非限)
Thereissomebodyherewhowantstospeaktoyou这里有人要和你说话(限制性)
(二)关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词一览表
功能
作用
用于限制性从句或非限制性从句
只用于限制性从句
代替人
代替物
代替人或物
主语
who
which
that
宾语
whom
定语
whose(=ofwhom)
whose(=ofwhich)
1.who
指人,在定语从句中作主语。
Yesterday
I
helped
an
old
had
lost
his
way.
昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
That
the
teacher
teaches
us
physics.
那就是教我们物理的老师。
2.whom
指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。
Mr.
Liu
person
(whom)
you
talked
about
on
bus.
刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。
Li
Ming
just
boy
want
to
see.
李明正是我想要见的男孩。
注意:
关系代词whom
在口语或非正式文体中常可用who
来代替,也可省略。
(whom
/
who)you
met
now
friend.
3.Which
指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。
This
pen
(which)
he
bought
yesterday.
这是他昨天买的钢笔。
film
they
went
see
last
night
was
not
interesting
at
all.
他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。
4.that
指人时,相当于who
或whom;
指物时,相当于which.。
在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。
Where
that
whom
saw
this
morning?
我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿?
/whom
introduced
me
very
kind.
你介绍给我的那个人很友好。
season
which
comes
after
spring
summer.
春天以后的季节是夏季。
received
letter
came
from
Australia.
昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信。
*具体使用时还要注意下列问题:
1、只能使用that,不用which的情况:
*1)当先行词是:
all,any,much;
little;
none;
anything,everything,nothing或被它们修饰时。
IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?
有什么可以为你做的吗?
Allthatcanbedonemustbedone.凡是能做的都必须做。
*2)当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。
例如:
Thatisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthataresoldinthebookshop.
那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。
Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistogetsomefood.
我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。
*3)当先行词有:
theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修饰时。
Mynecklaceisnottheonlythingthat'
smissing.
我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。
*4)当主句以who或which开头时,定语从句中引导词用that,不用which或who,以避免重复。
Whoisthegirlthatiswearingaredcoat?
正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁?
*5)当先行词既有人又有物时,用that。
Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywellknown.
你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。
2、只用which不用that的情况:
*1)关系代词前有介词时;
e.g.ThisistheroominwhichLuXunlived.
*2)非限定性定语从句中;
作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。
e.g.Thatnecklace,whichyougavemeasapresent,waslostyesterday
*3)先行词本身是that时;
e.g.Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime
即时训练:
Iwilltellhimallyoutoldmeattheball.
Theonlythingwecoulddowastowait.
ThefirstplacewevisitedwastheGreatWall.
Wetalkedaboutthepeopleandthevillagesweremembered.
5.Whose
通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。
visited
scientist
whose
name
known
all
over
country.
我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。
He
has
friend
doctor.
他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。
once
lived
in
house
roof
fallen
in.
我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。
指物时,常用下列结构来代替:
classroom
door
broken
will
soon
be
repaired.
of
Do
like
book
cover
yellow?
(三)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。
school
(which
that)
studied
famous.
famous.
他曾经就读过的学校很出名。
played
tennis
yesterday.
这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩。
一、请分析一下定语从句:
(请划出定语从句,并标出先行词)
Eg.1.AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.
2.Youcouldn’tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.
3.Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.
4.Theysaidsomethingyoudidn’tlike.
5.Canyouthinkofanyproblemsyouhavehadrecently?
6.Whataresomeoftherulesthatateenagershouldobey?
7.Standingveryclosetothepersonyouaretalkingwithisquitecommoninsomecountries.
二.定语从句易犯错误(改错)
1.SomeoftheboysIinvitedthemdidn’tcome.
2.Thebookthatyouneeditisinthelibrary.
3.Anyonewhobreakthelawwillbepunished.
4.Thosewhohasfinishedmaygohome.
5.Childreneatalotofsugaroftenhavebadteeth.
6.Thekeyopensthebikeismissing.
7.Thehousewherehelivesinneedsrepairing.
8.IstillrememberthedayonwhenIfirstcametoBeijing.
9.Haveyouaskedherforthereasonwhymayexplainherabsence?
10.Idon’tbelievethereasonwhyhehasgivenforhisbeinglate.
三、用关系代词填空:
that、which、who、whom、whose
1.Thisistheman__________wantstoseeyou.
2.Thestudent___________answeredthequestionisZhangHua.
3.Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.
4.Thewoman_______________yousawisourgeographyteacher.
5.Theman___________waspassingbysawwhathappened.
6.Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.
7.Thesebooks_____________youlentmewereveryuseful.
8.Iwillneverforgetthedays______wespenttogether.
9.Aclockisamachine______tellspeoplethetime.
10.Adictionaryisabook_____________givesthemeaningtotheword.
11.Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaces_____Ihaveevervisited.
12.Isthereanyone____________familyisinBeijing?
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