四川大学博士研究生入学英语考试题更新Word格式.docx

1、 heat-resistant metals. Many of the metals and alloys which perform satisfactorily in a car cannot be used in a jet-propelled plane. New alloys must be used, because the jet engine operates at a much higher temperature than an automobile engine. The turbine wheel in a turbojet must withstand tempera

2、tures as high as 1,600 degrees Fahrenheit, so aircraft designers had to turn to the research metallurgist for the development of metals and alloys that would do the job in jet-propelled planes. Dividing scientists into two groups is only one broad way of classifying them, however. When scientific kn

3、owledge was very limited, there was no need for men to specialize. Today, with the great body of scientific knowledge, scientists specialize in many different fields. Within each field, there is even further subpision. And, with finer and finer subpisions, the various sciences have become more and m

4、ore interrelated until no one branch is entirely independent of the others. Many new specialties -geophysics and biochemistry, for example - have resulted from combining the knowledge of two or more sciences.1. The applied scientist _.A. is not always interested in practical problemsB. provides the

5、basic knowledge for practiceC. applies the results of research to practice D. does original research to understand the basic laws of nature2. The example given in the passage illustrates how _.A. pure science operates independently of applied science B. the applied scientist discovers the basic laws

6、 of nature C. applied science defines all the areas in which basic research is done D. applied science suggests problems for the basic scientist3. The problem discussed in the second paragraph called for_.A. selecting the best hear-resistant metal from existing metalsB. developing a turbine wheel ca

7、pable of generating heat up to 1,600 degrees FahrenheitC. developing metals and alloys that would withstand terrific temperaturesD. causing the jet engine to operate at higher temperatures4. Finer mad finer subpision in the field of science has resulted in_.A. greater independence of each science B.

8、 greater interdependence of all the various sciencesC. the eradication of the need for specialists D. the need for only on classification of scientists5. The horizons of science have expanded means that_.A. the horizon changes its size from year to year B. science has developed more fields of endeav

9、orC. scientists have made great progress in studying the horizon D. scientists can see further out into spacePassage 2 In The Disuniting of America: Reflections on a Multicultural Society, Revised and Enlarged Edition （W. W. Norton） Schlesinger provides deep insights into the crises of nationhood in

10、 America. A new chapter assesses the impact both of radical multiculturalism and radical monoculturalism on the Bill of rights. Written with his usual clarity and force, the book brings a noted historians wisdom and perspective to bear on Americas culture wars. Schlesinger addresses the questions: W

11、hat holds a nation together? And what does it mean to be an American? Describing the emerging cult of ethnicity, Schlesinger praises its healthy effect on a nation long shamed by a history of prejudice and narrow-mindedness. But he warns against the campaign of multicultural advocates to pide the na

12、tion into separate ethnic and racial communities. From the start, he observes, the United States has been a multicultural nation, rich in its persity but held together by a shared commitment to the democratic process and by the freedom of intermarriage. It was this national talent for assimilation t

13、hat impressed foreign visitors like Alexis de Tocqueville and James Bryce, and it is this historic goal that Schlesinger champions as the best hope for the future. Schlesinger analyzes what he sees as grim consequences of identity politics: the widening of differences. Attacks on the First Amendment

14、, he argues, threaten intellectual freedom and, ultimately, the future of the ethnic groups. His criticisms are not limited to the left. As a former target of McCarthyism, he understands that the radical right is even more willing than the radical left to restrict and weaken the Bill of Rights. The

15、author does not minimize the injustices concealed by the melting pot dream. The Disuniting of America is both academic and personal, forceful in argument, balanced in judgment. It is a book that will no doubt anger some readers, but it will surely make all of them think again. The winner of Pulitzer

16、 Prizes for history and for biography, an authoritative voice of American liberalism, Schlesinger is uniquely positioned to bring bold answers and healing wisdom to this passionate debate over who we are and what we should become.6. According to Schlesinger, the United States is_. A. a melting pot B

17、. a nation with perse cultures held together by the democratic processC. a federation of ethnic and racial communities D. a nation with various ethnic and racial groups7. We can infer from the passage that Schlesinger_.A. advocates the assimilation of different cultures into one nationhood B. prefer

18、s multiculturalism to monoculturalismC. gives full support to the emerging cult of ethnicity D. holds that each racial group should keep its distinct identity8. The author wants to tell us that America_.A. is experiencing a crisis of nationhood B. is trying to restrict the Bill of RightC. has ended

19、its history of racial prejudice D. has tried to obstruct intellectual freedom9. According to the author, Schlesingers book will_.A. cause anger among the radical right B. cause anger among the radical leftC. put an end to the culture wars in America D. provoke thinking among the readers10. This pass

20、age is most probably taken from _. A. a history book B. a book introduction C. a book review D. a journal of literary criticismPassage 3The El Nino （little boy in Spanish） that pounded the globe between the summers of 1997 and 1998 was in some measure the most destructive in this century. Worldwide

21、damage estimates exceed 20 billion -not to mention the human death toll caused by resulting droughts, floods and bushfires. El Nino and La Nina （little girl） are part of a seesawing of winds and currents in the equatorial Pacific called ENSO （El Nino Southern Oscillation） that appears every two to e

22、ight years. Normally, westward-blowing trade winds caused by the rotation of the earth and conditions in the Tropics push surface water across the Pacific towards Asia. The warm water piles up along the coasts of Indonesia, Australia and the Philippines, raising sea levels more than a foot above tho

23、se on the South American side of the Pacific. As El Nino builds the normal east-to-west trade winds wane. Like water splashing in a giant bathtub, the elevated pool of warm water washes from Asian shores back towards South America. In last seasons cycle, surface temperatures off the west coast of So

24、uth America soared from a normal high of 23C degrees to 28C degrees. This area of warm water, twice the size of the continental US, interacted with the atmosphere, creating storms and displacing high-altitude winds. El Nino brought rain that flooded normally dry coastal areas of Ecuador, Chile and P

25、eru, while droughts struck Australia and Indonesia. Fires destroyed some five million acres of Indonesian forest. The drought, along with the economic crisis, left about five million people desperate for food and water. These conditions helped set the stage for riots that led to the downfall of Pres

26、ident Suharto. El Nino also took the blame for extreme temperatures in Texas last summer over 38C degrees for a record 30 days in a row. In Florida, lush vegetation turned to tinder and bushfires raged. Even Britain has been sweltering with our hottest year on record in 1997.11. As El Sino builds, _

27、 .A. the normal westward trade winds weaken B. the normal eastward trade winds weakenC. the normal westward trade winds strengthen D. the normal eastward trade winds strengthen12. Which of the following statements is true?A. El Nino results from droughts, floods and bushfires. B. El Nino brought rai

28、n to most areas that were affected,C. When El Nino appeared, some of the worlds rainforests were attacked by droughts.D. Most areas that were affected by El Nino got droughts.13. Once El Nino even played a role in the political world. What was it?A. President Suharto was overthrown by the drought ca

29、used by El Nino. B. El Nino caused riots that led to the downfall of President Suharto.C. President Suharto resigned because of the drought caused by El Nino.D. The drought caused by El Nino together with the economic crisis prevailing in Indonesia helped to overthrow President Suharto.14. The phrase in a row in the last paragraph means_.A. continuously B. in a line C. awfully D. now and then15. The writer of this passage is most likely to be_.A. an Australia observer B. a British n