届高三英语一轮复习专题十三名词性从句练习 1.docx

1、届高三英语一轮复习专题十三名词性从句练习 11(2018北京卷)This is what my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.解析：句意：这就是父亲教给我的永远面对困难并寄予最大的希望。本题考查表语从句。根据句意可知，表语从句中taught me后缺少直接宾语“教会了我什么”，因此用what引导。2(2018天津卷)The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.解析：

2、句意：这块金牌将颁发给在这场自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。本题考查宾语从句。“_ wins the first place in the bicycle race”为宾语从句，该从句缺少主语，且设空处表示“任何人”，故填whoever，相当于anyone who。3(2018江苏卷)By boat is the only way to get here, which is how we arrived.解析：句意：坐船是到达这里的唯一方式，我们就是坐船到达这里的。考查表语从句。which引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，其中设空处引导的是表语从句，结合语境和By boat可知，此处表达到达这儿的方式

3、，所以要用how引导。4(2017北京卷)Every year, whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.解析：句意：每年，在风筝节上，制作出最漂亮的风筝的人会赢得一份奖品。设空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，且表示“无论谁”，故填whoever。5(2017天津卷)She asked me whether/if I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadnt.解析：句意：她问我是否已经把书还给

4、图书馆，我承认我还没有归还。设空处引导的是宾语从句，根据句意可知该宾语从句要用whether/if引导。6(2017江苏卷)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of what it used to charge.解析：句意：我们选择这家宾馆是因为这里住一晚上的价格降到了20美元，这是其过去要价的一半。本题考查宾语从句。逗号后面是$20的同位语，charge后面缺少宾语且表示“事物”，故用what引导。7(2017北京卷)Jane moved aimlessly down the

5、 treelined street, not knowing where she was heading.解析：句意：Jane在绿树成荫的街道上漫无目的地走着，不知道她要去哪里。设空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少地点状语成分，故用where引导。8(2016北京卷)Your support is important to our work. Whatever you can do helps.解析：句意：你的支持对我们的工作很重要，你做的任何事情都有帮助。本题考查主语从句。“_ you can do”为主语从句，该从句缺少宾语，且表示“任何事情”，故答案为Whatever(相当于Anything

6、that)。9(2016北京卷)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely free from dust.解析：句意：雨季最令人愉快的事情就是人们可以完全免受尘土的影响。本题考查表语从句。“_ one can be entirely free from dust”为表语从句，该从句中不缺少成分，意思完整，故用that引导该表语从句。10(2016江苏卷)It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to

7、hope.解析：句意：对于那些总是不放弃希望的人来说，发生任何事情都是有可能的，这是很常见的。考查主语从句。本句中it为形式主语，“_ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope”为真正的主语；该从句结构完整，故由that引导。11(2015北京卷)I truly believe that beauty comes from within.解析：句意：我确信美丽源自内在。“_ beauty comes from within”为宾语从句，该从句结构完整，故用that。12(2015北京卷)How we understand things

8、 has a lot to do with what we feel.解析：句意：我们理解事物的方式与我们的认知有很大关系。“_ we understand things”为主语从句，该从句中缺少方式状语(如何)，故用How。13(2015江苏卷)Where Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some wont accept it.解析：句意：李白，中国伟大的诗人，出生的地方人人皆知，但是有些人对此并不接受。“_ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born”为主

9、语从句。该从句缺少地点状语，故答案为Where。14(2015浙江卷)If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate what is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.解析：句意：如果你在河里或湖里游泳，一定要查明水下的状况。经常会有岩石或树枝隐藏在水中。“_ is below the water surface”为宾语从句，作动词investigate的宾语，该从句中缺少主语且表示“事物”，故答案为what。

10、15(2015重庆卷)We must find out when Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.解析：句意：我们必须弄清楚卡尔什么时候来，以便我们可以为他预订房间。“_ Karl is coming”为宾语从句，作动词短语find out的宾语，该从句中缺少时间状语，故答案为when。一、that 引导的名词性从句1主语从句that 从句作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语，常见的句型有：(1)Itbe形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, likely, cer

11、tain 等)that 从句。It is certain _ he is willing to help you out.他肯定会帮你摆脱困境。(2)Itbe名词(词组)(no wonder, a pity 等)that 从句。It is a pity _ I cant attend this lecture.很可惜我不能出席这次演讲。(3)Itbe过去分词(said, reported, announced 等)that 从句。It is said _ Mr Green has arrived in London.据说格林先生已到达伦敦了。2宾语从句常见的可以接 that 从句作宾语的动词有

12、 see, say, know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider 等。在可以接复合宾语的动词(如：think, make, consider 等)之后，可以用 it 作形式宾语。I think that you should turn to the teacher for help.我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。We think it highly probable _ he has settled down in America.我们认为他很可能已经定居在美国了。We consider it necessary _

13、 he should improve his pronunciation.他应当改进他的发音，我们认为这是必要的。He has made it clear _ he will not give in.他是不会屈服的，这一点他已明确表示了。3表语从句that 引导表语从句时，一般不可省略。My decision is _ all of us are to start at 6 oclock tomorrow morning.我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。4同位语从句that 引导同位语从句时，应放在某些抽象名词(如：fact, hope, desire, thought, suggest

14、ion, idea, news, problem, possibility 等)之后，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，that 只起引导同位语从句的作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。Theres a feeling in me _ well meet again.我有一种感觉，我们会再见面。答案：1.(1)that(2)that(3)that2that; that; that3.that4.that二、whether/if (是否)引导的名词性从句1在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中只能用whether，不能用if。_ the meeting will be put off has no

15、t been decided yet.会议是否会被推迟还没有决定。The trouble is _ he can come on time.麻烦是他是否能按时来。2在宾语从句中whether和if一般可以互换，但：作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。It all depends on _ he will recover.这完全取决于他是否康复。if与whether都可以与or not连用，但后面直接跟or not时用whether。I dont know _ or not he will take part in the meeting.我不知道他是否参加会议。答案：1.Whether;

16、whether2whether; whether三、连接副词引导的名词性从句连接副词when, where, why, how等不但起连接作用，也在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因和方式等。1主语从句特殊疑问词引导主语从句时，常用 it 作形式主语。It makes no difference _ we shall have the meeting.我们在哪里开会都无所谓。_ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.那架延误的班机什么时候起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。2宾语从句(1)能接特殊疑问词引导宾语从句的动

17、词或动词词组有很多，常见的有 see, tell, ask, know, decide, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, show, discuss, understand, inform, advise 等。I cant imagine _ he did it.我不能想象他是如何做到的。They couldnt understand _ I refused it.他们不明白我为什么拒绝。(2)特殊疑问词作介词宾语。It all depends on _ we solve the problem.这完全要看我们如何解决这个问题。3表语从句T

18、he question is _ we should stay.问题是我们应该待在哪里。4同位语从句My question _ I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.我如何和他取得联系这一问题还没有得到答复。答案：1.where; When2.(1)how; why(2)how3where4.how四、连接代词what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which等引导的名词性从句1连接代词what的用法what可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或宾语补足语等

19、。它引导名词性从句时有两个意思：一是表示“什么”，带有疑问意味；二是表示“的事/话/地方/时间/”。在功能上相当于一个名词，可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。_ impressed me most was the beauty of the city.给我印象最深刻的是这座城市的美。2who, whom, whose, which, whoever, whatever等引导的名词性从句His father doesnt care about _ university he will go to.他父亲不在乎他上哪一所大学。_ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay

20、 their own way.任何一个想要住旅店的人都必须自己付钱。You can choose _ you like in the supermarket.在这家超市，你可以选择你喜欢的任何东西。答案：1.What2.which; Whoever; whatever五、as if/as though, because, why 引导的表语从句It looks as if it is going to rain.天看起来好像要下雨。Thats _ he didnt work hard enough.那是因为他工作不够努力。That was _ I asked for three days le

21、ave.那就是我请了三天假的原因。点拨 because 引导表语从句时，主语不能是 reason 或 cause，而且 since, as 不能引导表语从句。答案：because; why六、名词性从句易错点1that和what的区别that引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不充当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的“先行词关系代词”，即常说的“先行词that/which/who”。Its a shame that he has made such a mistake.真遗憾，他犯了这样一个错误。I will do

22、 what I can (do) to help him.我将尽我所能帮助他。2同位语从句与定语从句的区别判断是定语从句还是同位语从句可以用“加词”的方法，即在名词和从句之间加入一个be动词，如果句子意思成立，则是同位语从句，否则，则是定语从句。试比较：The notice that the meeting had to be put off was true.(同位语从句)The notice was that the meeting had to be put off.The notice that he read just now was true.(定语从句).单句语法填空1His f

23、irst question was whether Tom had arrived yet.2Output is now six times what it was before liberation.3With many cities in China dreadfully blanketed by thick haze, the environmental problem is what Chinese people concern most nowadays.4Dozens of people were waiting with a camera for what seemed like

24、 hours, hoping to catch a glimpse of the US First Lady, Melania Trump.5What makes the school famous is that more than 90% of the students have been admitted to universities.6What astonishes us is that AlphaGo defeated the human champion.7My advice is that you should go to apologize to him.8When you

25、are reading, make a note of what you think is of great importance.9His writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out what it is that he is trying to express.10If you are going to kill the snake, you have to get close to where the head is and cut it off.11The problem is whether/how we can im

26、prove our reading skills in such a short time.12We agreed to accept whoever they thought was the best professor in the college.13We have learned from the story that what is most valuable is not what we have in our lives but who we have in our lives.14What he considered a great proposal was turned do

27、wn by the boss at the meeting.15Choosing the right dictionary depends on what you want to use it for.16She has received an offer from Berkeley, but I dont know whether/if she will accept it.17The little boy ate whatever his mother gave him.单句改错1He hesitated for some time to decide what he would choo

28、se from all the books referred to.what改为which2It is believed when children should learn to be responsible from the very beginning.when改为that3My sister has a habit of keeping a diary and writes down which happens every day.which改为what4We should consider the students request which the school library p

29、rovide more books on popular science.which改为that5What the whole nation cares about most at present is if the rescue teams could find the missing plane.if改为whether6It is surprising to us is that Tom can speak English fluently as though he were a native speaker.It改为What7In my opinion, that matters mos

30、t is whether the activities are economically helpful.that改为what8That young people see and hear in the media helps them to figure out how the world works.That改为What9Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class why he had to meet his uncle at the airport.why改为that10It was never clear that the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.that改为why.语篇填空It was reported _1_ there was an accident at a corner of the Roman Street this morning. No one saw _2_ on earth happened then. A car ran into a truck but fortunately, nobody got injured. _3_ will be responsible for the a