新概念1语法汇总Word格式文档下载.docx

1、在清辅音后面（除外）读/t/ e.g. walked, jumped在浊辅音和元音后读/d/ e.g. washed, watched在/t/，/d/后读/id/ e.g. waited, hated6）形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 比较级 规则1 一般加-er e.g. high-higher规则2 以e结尾加-r nice-nicer规则3 以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i再加-er busy-busier规则4 重读闭音节结尾， 双写辅音字母再加-er fat-fatter 最高级 规则1 一般加-est e.g. high-highest规则2 以e结尾加-st nice-nicest规则

2、3 以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i再加-est busy-busiest规则4 重读闭音节结尾， 双写辅音字母再加-est fat-fattest7）常见缩写：is=s I am=Im are=reis not=isnt /iznt/ are not=arent /a:nt/do not=dontdoes not=doesnwas=sdid not=didncan not=canhave=vehas=have not=havenhas not=hasnwill=ll will not=wonshall not=shan直接引语/间接引语如果引语的主句所用动词为过去时，那么间接引语要做相应变化：时

3、态，人称，时间地点及指示词1） 时态变化：一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时过去完成时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时be going towas/were going to/wouldcan-couldmay-might2） 时间地点及指示词的变化：here-there, tomorrow-the next day, the following day, this-that3） 人称变化：根据句意改变人称。4） 直接宾语/间接宾语主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或事务，也可以说间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的，或者

4、是为谁做的。所以间接宾语要用名词或者宾格代词来担当。He gives me a book.（me间接宾语，a book直接宾语）直接宾语和间接宾语的位置调换时要加一个介词to或for：主语及物动词直接宾语介词间接宾语Give me a book. = Give the book to me.Send him a letter. = Send a letter to him.Show him the new dress. = Show the new dress to him.倒装句：so/neither的倒装eg: He can swim. So can I.She didnt go to c

5、lass. Neither did I.结构：so/neither+be+ 主语so/neither+助动词+ 主语so/neither+情态动词+ 主语助动词： 一般现在时: do, does/am, is, are现在进行时: am, is, are一般过去时: did现在完成时: have, has一般将来时: will, shall过去进行时: was, were过去完成时: had过去将来时: would祈使句表示请求、命令、建议、邀请等，谓语动词一律用原型，句子中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹好或者句号，用降调。肯定句：动词原型Come here, please.Go downstair

6、s, please.Stand up.Sit down.Be quiet.Be careful.祈使句中如果有唤语，一定要用逗号隔开，放在句首或者句尾：Come in, Amy.Sit down here, Tom.Mary, give me a book please.否定：Dont+动词原型t come here.t sit down.t stand up.t give me it.let sb. do 让某人做Let me pass.Let us have a rest.Lets have a rest.反意疑问：s have a walk along the river, shall

7、we?Let us go out for a drink, will you?感叹句：1） What +名词+主语+谓语What a beautiful girl she is!What tall buildings they are!2） How +形容词+主语+谓语How beautiful the girl is!How tall the buildings are! 在口语中，感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略：What a nice present!（省略it is）How disappointed!（省略she is或其它可作本句主、谓的词语）不定代词及不定副词some, any, no,

8、 every-thing: something, anything, nothing, everything-one: someone, anyone, anything, everyone-where: somewhere, anywhere, anywhere, everywhere-body: somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody例子：1）I looked for my book everywhere, but I cant find it anywhere.2）If you want to go somewhere, if you want to b

9、e someone, you must wake up.3）Help! Somebody? Anybody?4）You are really something. 你真了不起！（口语中常用 something来表示“真像回事儿”，“真行”的意思）5）Since everybody is here, lets begin our class.6）Where did you go? I went nowhere.7）Nobody is at home.need的用法 表示“需要”时为实意动词，后面可以加名词，也可以加不定式：I need a pen.Do you need any beer? No

10、, I dont.I need to have a rest.Need doing=need to be done （表示被动）The flowers need watering. =The flowers need to be watered. 花需要浇水。 need在否定时做情态动词使用：You neednt go so early. （=You dont need to go so early.）Must I clean the desk right now? No, you neednt.情态动词的使用1）情态动词can（能够），must（必须），may（可以）结构：主语+can/mu

11、st/may+动词原型He can make the tea.Sally can air the room.We can speak English.变疑问句将情态动词移到句首Can he make the tea?Can Sally air the room?Can we speak English?变否定句在情态动词后面加notHe cannot make the tea.Sally cannot air the room.We cannot speak English.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, he can. / No, he cannot.Yes, she can. /No, she

12、 cannot.Yes, we can. / No, we cannot.特殊疑问句：（必背）What can you do?注意：情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化，不要在情态动词或动词后面加s。2）must/have to的区别must 表示必须，是主观上觉得应该做，have to是不得不，是由于客观条件逼迫的必要要做must 只能用在表示现在和将来的句子里，而have to do可以用在任何时态3）must, may, might表示猜测： must do 表示对现在事实的猜测 must have done表示对过去事实的猜测 must have been doing 表示对过去正在进

13、行的事实的猜测 may/might do, may/might have done表示没有任何事实依据的猜测，might的可能性更小。4）cant/couldnt 表示不可能副词副词可以修饰形容词，动词，副词或整个句子。如：The book is very good.He runs fast.She came here quite early.Certainly I will go with you.副词变化形式： 直接在形容词后加-ly：careful-carefully, slow-slowly 以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，把y变i, 加-ly：happy-happily, lucky-l

14、uckily 有些词形容词和副词的形式相同，不需要做任何变化：fast, hard, late 有些词加上-ly后意思与原词相差很远：neary-nearly, high-highly, late-lately名词 名词分为可数名词和不可数名词：1）不可数名词 无法分开的东西：water, tea, bread, milk, rice抽象的东西：love, beauty, coldness不可数名词有以下特点：不能用a, an修饰；不能加s；和单数be动词或动词搭配。2）可数名词 单数可数名词要用冠词修饰，复数可数名词要在名词后面加s。名词复数共有以下几种变化： 规则变化的名词复数形式规则1

15、一般情况+s e.g. shellshells bookbooks规则2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es e.g. foxfoxeschurchchurches, busbuses, watchwatches规则3 以o结尾+s或+es e.g. potatopotatoes, NegroNegroes, heroheroes, tomatotomatoes，（口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿），剩下一般加s, radioradios规则4 以f, fe结尾的，变f, fe为ves e.g. lifeliveshalfhalves, shelfshelves, citycities, wi

16、fewives规则5 以辅音字母+y结尾， 变y为i+es e.g. skyskiesflyflies 不规则变化的名词复数形式man（men）woman（women）foot（feet） goose（geese） tooth（teeth）child（children）sheep（sheep） deer（deer）mouse（mice）fish（fish）限定词：some, any, many, much some, any 修饰可数名词或不可数名词，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑问句。当期待对方的答案为肯定回答时用some。I have some milk.I dont have

17、any milk.May I have some milk? many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词。在口语中表示“很多”一般不用many, much, 而用a lot of, 在否定句中表示“很多”用many, much。I have a lot of money.t have much money.问句：一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句，选择疑问句，否定疑问句1） 一般疑问句：助动词/be动词+主语Are you a teacher? Do you want to have a cup of tea?2） 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句What is your na

18、me?3） 选择疑问句：orDo you want beef or lamb?4） 反意疑问句： 肯定陈述句+否定疑问部分，否定陈述部分+肯定疑问部分You dont need that pen, do you?5） 否定疑问句：一般疑问句+否定词Arent you lucky? Dont you want have a rest?过去将来时would doShe said she would go here the next morning.两个特殊句型：there be 句型，be going to 结构1） Be going to 结构表示打算，准备，计划做某事结构：主语+be动词+go

19、ing to +动词原型I am going to make a bookcase.They are going to paint it.The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter.变疑问句将be动词移到句首Are you going to make a bookcase?Are they going to paint it?Is the father going to give the bookcase to his daughter?变否定句在be动词后面加notI am not going to make a book

20、case.The father is not going to give the bookcase to his daughter.Yes, I am. / No, I am not.Yes, they are. / No, they are not.Yes, he is. / No, he is not.特殊疑问句（必背）What are you going to do?What are they going to do?What is the father going to do?2） There be 句型表示哪里有什么东西（某处有某物） There is单数名词表示场所的词（一般为介词

21、词组）There is a book in this room.There is a pen on the tableThere are复数名词表示场所的词（一般为介词词组）There are two pens on the table.There are three schools there.Is there a book in this room?Are there two pens on the table?变否定句在动词后面加notThere is not a book in this room.There are not two pens on the table.Yes, the

22、re is. / No, there is not.Yes, there are. / No, there are not.过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作，经常用在when, while, as引导的状语从句中。was/were+doingWhen my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor.Their father was watching TV whilethey were having dinner.Was their father watching

23、 TV while变否定句在be动词后面加 notTheir father was notwatching TV whilethey were having dinner过去完成时 用法：在过去的时间里，两个动作中，发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。had+过去分词After she had finished her homework, she went shopping.They had sold the car before I asked the price.The train had left before I arrived at the station.After/before引导

24、的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号，如果放在主句后则不用加。 变疑问句将助动词移到句首 Had she finished her homework? 变否定句在助动词后面加notShe hadnt finished her homework. 肯定回答及否定回答Yes, she had. / No, she hadnt. 特殊疑问句What had she done?一般将来时 表示将来将要发生的动作， 经常和tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year after the next, in five hours time,

25、etc. 表示将来的词联用。主语+助动词will+动词原形I will go to America tomorrow.The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next.Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.变疑问句将助动词移到句首Will you go to America tomorrow?Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?变否定句在助动词后面加notI will not go to America tomorrow.The pilot will