非谓语ed讲解上课讲义.docx

1、非谓语ed讲解上课讲义非谓语动词的句法功能 主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词非谓语做题步骤解答语法填空时，首先分析句子结构，若句子已有谓语动词且不是并谓语时，所给动词必定用非谓语动词；然后分析该非谓语动词在句中作什么句子成分，初定作该成分的应是哪一种或几种非谓语动词形式；最后再根据非谓语动词各自的特点和用法，同时看谓语动词有没有特别的要求，再结合与逻辑主语的关系，确定该填哪种形式。可以按照以下四步来解答一、分析句子结构,辨别“谓与非谓”二 找逻辑主语非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。_these pictures, I co

2、uldnt help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing ._ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more magnificent. ( see)三、分析语态分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。1. The dirty clothes _ , the girl hung them up outside .2. _ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside

3、 .A. was washed B. washed C.were washed D.having washed四、分析时态1. The building _C_now will be a restaurant .2. The building _B_ next year will be a restaurant .3. The building _D_last year is a restaurant.A. having been built B. to be built C.being built D. built 非谓语动词（done）的用法讲解一 作宾补当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动

4、关系时，用-ed形式。例如：While she was getting me _ _ (settle) into a tiny but clean room思路分析：因句中已有谓语was getting，所以settle应是非谓语动词；又由settle sb. into/in/on(使某人舒服地处于某处)可知，me与settle是被动关系，要用过去分词用宾补，故填settled。注意：1）在with的宾语后，若用-ed形式，表示宾语与-ed形式在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该动作已经完成2）getdone=have sth. done请人做/遭受(被动)。3）make oneself 后常用un

5、derstood, heard, seen, known等作宾补，表示让别人明白自己的意思/让自己讲的话被别人听到/让自己被别人看到/让自己被别人认识。例如：Alexander tried to get his work _ (recognize) in the medical circles. recognized。考查“get+宾语+过去分词”结构。其中的“宾语”与其后的“过去分词”之间为被动关系。二 作状语(1)在表示时间、让步、方式或伴随情况时，若与句子主语在逻辑上是被动关系，用-ed形式。(2)在“连词(如when, while, if, though等)+分词”结构中，当分词与主句

6、主语是被动关系时用-ed形式。例如：Though _ (surprise) to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. surprised, 因the professor与surprise是被动关系，故用“连词+过去分词”作状语。_ (see) from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. seen, 由于the south foot与see之间为被动关系，故要选过去分词作状语。The experiment shows that pr

7、oper amounts of exercise, if _(carry) out regularly, can improve our health. carried，由于exercise(锻炼) 与carry out(进行，执行) 之间为被动关系，故用“连词+过去分词”作状语，if carried out regularly相当于if it is carried out regularly三 作定语分词作定语：被修饰的名词与分词是被动关系时用-ed形式。例如：Im calling to enquire about the position _ (advertise) in yesterda

8、ys China Daily. advertised, 由于position(职位) 与 advertise(登广告) 之间为被动关系，且广告昨天已经刊发了，故用过去分词作定语。So far nobody has claimed the money _ (discover) in the library. discovered, 由于money与discover之间为被动关系，由句意可知，钱“已经”被发现，故用过去分词作定语。四 作表语分词作表语则说明主语的性质 像puzzled, surprised, excited等-ed分词表示“(人)感到的”。 实例解析1 Mrs. White sho

9、wed her students some old maps _ (borrow) from the library. borrowed, 因maps与borrow之间为被动关系；再根据句意，地图是“已经”借来了，所以用过去分词作定语。2 The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already _(lay) for a meal to be cooked. laid, 短语lay a table的意思是“摆桌子”，因句中的table与动词lay之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。3 A great number of st

10、udents _ (question) said they were forced to practice the piano. questioned,由于students与question(提问，询问) 之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。4 Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues _(amuse) with her stories. amused, 意思是Lucy让他的同事“感到愉快”，表示人“感到愉快”，用-ed形式作宾补(相当于形容词作宾补的)，故填amused。5 Almost 33 ( free

11、ze), the old man could not get off the ground.frozen, 因句子主语the old man与freeze(冻僵)是被动关系，故用过去分词作原因状语。6 It was a presidential talk 33 (deliver) at a time of economic uncertainty for many American families.delivered, 过去分词作后置定语。非谓语动词可能出现的考查点及易错点：一)使用非谓动词的语言结构。1） 在“句子, and/or/but +句子” 的并列句结构中，可能会考查“以动词原形开

12、头”的祈使句，四个答案表面上象非谓语，其实考查的是谓语。1._hard and you will succeed in the exam.2._hard or you will fail in the exam.A. Study B. To study C. Studying D. Studied 【答案：A A】2） 在“句子，非句子”结构中，非句子部分用非谓语：3. The teacher devoted his life to his career, _ most of his students successful in study.A. make B. to make C. maki

13、ng D. made 【答案：C】3） 在“非句子，句子”结构中，非句子部分用非谓语：4. _with children, I know what is needed most.A. Working B. Having worked C. Worked D. To work 【答案：B】4) 在“with + 宾语+ 宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可能用非谓语动词：5. With her baby _ on her back, the woman was cleaning the rich mans house.A. sleep B. slept C. to sleep D. sleeping

14、 【答案：D】6. With his hair _ like a role in the film, the boy felt very cool.A. cut B. to be cut C. cutting D. to cut 【答案：B】5） 在drive/leave/keep/make/have/let/get/find/hear等使让动词或感观动词后面作宾语补足语时，也可能用非谓语动词。7. He made his sister _ by taking away her toy.8. His sister was made _ by his taking away her toy.A.

15、 cry B. to cry C. crying D. cried 【答案： A B】9. the policeman found the thief _ his hand into an old mans pocket and arrested him.A. put B. putting C. to put D. being put 【答案：B】二). 非谓语动词考点易错点：1） 表面上考分词，实际上考形容词的情况：10._ , he fell asleep quickly.A. Tire B. Tiring C. Tired D. To tire 【答案：C】11.The man won a big prize, _and _