版新教材人教版英语必修第一册同步讲义WELCOMEUNITSectionⅢ DiscoveringUsefulStructuresWordWord格式文档下载.docx

1、主语谓语宾语宾补5（教材P6）My mum bought me a new dictionary主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语句子成分句子表达一个完整的意思，是由单词按一定的语法规则组合而成的。句子一般可以分成几个部分，每个部分在句中具有一定的功能，称为句子成分。不同的句子成分由一定的词类或词组充当。1主语（subject）主语是一句话的主体，表明句子说的是谁或是什么。它一般放在谓语之前，通常由名词（名词短语）、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句等担任。TV news often gives us lots of information电视新闻常常给我们许多信息。（名词）Something

2、 is wrong with my computer我的电脑坏了。（代词）Seventenths of the earth surface is covered with water十分之七的地球表面被水覆盖。（数词）To see is to believe眼见为实。（动词不定式）Cycling and boating are my favorite free time interests骑车和划船是我业余最大的兴趣爱好。（动名词）That she was admitted into a key university greatly comforted her parents她被重点大学录取这

3、件事给了她父母极大的安慰。（主语从句）2谓语（predicate）谓语是对主语的有关问题加以说明的部分。谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或者怎么样。谓语位于主语之后，由动词担任。凡是由一个动词或动词词组构成的谓语，无论处在什么时态、语态、语气下，都被称之为谓语。谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语。He practises running every morning（简单谓语）他每天早晨锻炼跑步。Great changes have taken place in Shanghai（复合谓语）上海发生了巨大的变化。由系动词加表语也构成复合谓语。如：We are students3表语（predicative）表

4、语是说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的句子成分。它由名词、代词、数词、形容词、动词不定式及短语、副词、介词短语等充当。My favorite attraction is the Great Wall我最喜欢的旅游景点是长城。Who is there？谁在那儿？Its me是我。English is both useful and important英语有用且很重要。（形容词）The Forbidden City is at the centre of Beijing紫禁城位于北京市中心。（介词短语）The greatest happiness is to work for the happine

5、ss of all最大的快乐就是为大家的快乐而工作。（动词不定式短语）My hobby is collecting stamps我的爱好是集邮。（动名词短语）My belief is that our country will become stronger and stronger我相信，我们的国家将变得越来越强大。（表语从句）4宾语（object）宾语是及物动词所表示的动作的对象，或是介词所表示的某种联系的对象。宾语放在及物动词的后面。宾语一般由名词、代词、数词、非谓语动词及短语或名词性从句等充当。The children are flying kites孩子们正在放风筝。Call me

6、any time请随时打电话给我。I decide to pick up a new foreign language我决定学一门新的外语。Do you mind passing me the dictionary?请把字典递给我，好吗？Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。（宾语从句）5宾补（object complement）有些及物动词带了宾语后意义仍不够完整，还需要加上宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的行为、状态、身份或特征等。宾语补足语通常放在宾语之后，一般

7、由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词及短语等充当。He has proved himself an experienced teacher他证明自己是一名经验丰富的教师。We have decided to paint the room pink我们决定把房间漆成粉红色。My mother always keeps everything in good order我妈妈总是把一切安排得井然有序。The teacher asked us not to make so much noise老师叫我们不要制造那么多的噪音。I heard the telephone ringing我听见电话铃正

8、在响。（现在分词）He was very happy to see the homeless children taken good care of at the orphanage他很高兴看见流浪儿童在孤儿院得到很好的照顾。（过去分词）6定语（attributive）定语是用来修饰、限制名词或代词的。一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等充当。These are apple trees这些是苹果树。The men here are always busy working on the farm这里的男人总是忙于在田间干活。（副词）There is not

9、hing to do today今天没有事要做。（不定式）The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。（现在分词、过去分词短语）7状语（adverbial）状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。一般由副词、名词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格和从句等充当。Im very pleased to see you见到你我非常高兴。Ill be back in a while我一会儿就回来。When she was 12 years old, she began to live in Dali

10、an她12岁的那一年开始居住于大连。（状语从句）Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper由于和妻子吵了一架，他愤怒地离开了家。（分词作状语）8同位语（appositive）若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且句法功能也一样，那么，后一项称为前一项的同位语。We students should study hard我们学生应该努力学习。Professor Wang, a famous scientist, will give us a talk tomorrow王教授，一位著名的科学家，明天将给我们做报告。即

11、时演练1写出画线部分所作的成分The manager made them work_day_and_night 宾语补足语A lot of green lands have_been_opened to the public 谓语The best method of keeping slim is to_do_exercise_regularly 表语They lived in the room above 定语He gave me a basket full_of_eggs 定语八种基本句型英语中简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）。简单句是由主语、谓语、表语、宾

12、语、宾语补足语等组成的，依其组合方式可分为八种基本句型。1主语谓语（SV）The sun is_rising主语谓语太阳正在升起。The little boy is_crying 主语谓语小男孩正在哭泣。2主语谓语宾语（SVO）He is_watching TV主语谓语 宾语他正在看电视。3主语系动词表语（SLP）Everything looks different主语 系动词表语一切看来都不同了。Computersareuseful in peoples life主语 系动词表语状语电脑在人们的生活中很有用。常见的由行为动词转化成的系动词（1）表感官的动词：feel, smell, tast

13、e, sound, look, appear等。（2）表转变、变化的动词：become, get, grow, turn, go等。（3）表延续的动词：remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。（4）表瞬间的动词：come, fall等。The problem remains to be settled主语系动词表语问题依然需要解决。4主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语（SVIODO）这种句型中间接宾语常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。Heboughtmea birthday present主语 谓语（及物动词）间接宾语直接宾语他给我买了一份生日礼物。Ishowedhim my

14、pictures主语 谓语（及物动词） 间接宾语直接宾语我给他看我的照片。常见的能跟双宾语的及物动词（1）give, tell, teach, write, bring, lend, hand, show, offer, send, pay, pass, allow, return等后的间接宾语可转换为介词to的宾语。Please hand him a book!Please hand a book to him!请递给他一本书。（2）buy, do, get, fetch, save, make, sing, choose等后的间接宾语可转换为介词for的宾语来表示。Her father b

15、ought her a bikeHer father bought a bike for her她的父亲给她买了一辆自行车。（3）ask, answer, take, cost等无法改变结构形式。The car cost me 2，000 yuan for the repair这次修车花了我两千元。5主语谓语宾语宾语补足语（SVOOC）这种句型中的“宾语宾语补足语”可统称为“复合宾语”。Miketoldmenot to go now主语 谓语（及物动词）宾语宾语补足语迈克告诉我不要现在走。Theypaintedthe doorgreen主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语他们把门漆成绿色。6主语谓语状

16、语（SVAd）Theytalkedfor half an hour主语 谓语状语他们谈了半个小时。The timepassedquickly主语谓语（不及物动词）状语时光飞逝。7主语谓语宾语状语（SVOAd）Ihadmy first maths classin senior high主语谓语宾语状语在高中我上了第一堂数学课。Iwaited_for himat the school gate主语谓语宾语状语我在校门口等他。8There be句型There is a piano in my study在我的书房里有一架钢琴。There are 56 students in my class我的班里

17、有56名学生。即时演练2写出下列句子属于哪类句型This kind of food tastes terrible SLPHe studies hard SVAdThere are several books on the desks There_be句型He made me very angry SVOOC 写出下列句子中的画线部分充当什么成分1The question is that_no_one_knows_the_location_of_the_new_hospital 表语2To_be_or_not_to_be is a question 主语3His confidence enab

18、led him to_finish_the_task_successfully 宾语补足语4The class teacher had us clean_the_classroom yesterday 宾语补足语5Is he the man who_wants_to_see_you？ 定语6This book gives me some idea on how_to_make_friends 宾语7I feel it our duty to_serve_the_people_heart_and_soul 宾语8What_you_explained_just_now didnt satisfy

19、me 主语9We must get together again some_day 状语10If_I_am_not_busy_tomorrow,_I will play football with you 状语 写出下列句子属于哪类句型1I found the problem easy SVOOC2I have never cooked at home SVAd3There are ten boys under the big tree There_be句型4Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present SVIODO5The

20、boss made him do the work all day SVOOC6The tree has grown much taller than before SLP 语法与写作用给出的句型翻译下列句子。1事故是昨天下午发生的。（SVAd）The_accident_happened_yesterday_afternoon2他们发现那座房子无人居住（deserted）。（SVOOC）They_found_the_house_deserted3他拒绝帮助他们。（SVO）He_has_refused_to_help_them4他长得又高又壮。（SLP）He_is_growing_tall_an

21、d_strong5我告诉他汽车晚点了。（SVIODO）I_told_him_that_the_bus_was_late6我们将让他们幸福。We_will_make_them_happy7我相信他。I_believe_him8我们班有24位女生和30位男生。（There be句型）There_are_24_girls_and_30_boys_in_our_class 阅读理解AHave you ever thought of getting away from the present life and doing something completely different? Well, her

22、e are some people who have done just thatBack to the landIn his early forties, Peter Van Der Groot was a successful salesmanHe had a large beautiful homeBut Peter worked long hours, and he saw little of his home and familyHe enjoyed his job, but he was never there to see his children growing upThen

23、last year, the firm（公司） he worked for closed down, and, unexpectedly, Peter had the chance to do something differentSo Peter and his family sold their house in London and moved to the countrysideThey bought a smaller house with some landToday, Peter is more relaxedHe spends time with his children, a

24、nd he has seen them change into healthy, happy kidsHes started working on his land, growing fruit and vegetablesNow he and his family have a common, but comfortable lifeLife in the sunHusband and wife Rob and Manda Brent used to be teachers, but they have both given up their jobs, and neither of the

25、m plans to return to the school where they worked in Birminghams city centreNow they live in Italy, where theyve bought a farmhouse in Tuscan Hills“Were going to offer bed and breakfast，” said Rob“Weve never had our own business before, so itll be quite a challenge（挑战）And weve borrowed a lot of mone

26、y from the bank to get started”“In this first threemonth period, were settling in and repairing the farmhouse，” said Manda“Then well open our doors to guests” Bed and breakfast will not be the only way for them to get money, though“The farm has got olive（橄榄） trees and the equipment（设备） for producing olive oil”【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Peter和Brent夫妇为何要改变以前的生活方式。1What caused Peter to change his life?AHe lost his jobBHe led a hard lifeCHe had to care for his kidsDHe wasnt satisfied with his jobA解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的the f