人教版高一英语必修2语法知识汇总+练习Word格式文档下载.docx

1、D.why要换为for which 形式不同： 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，与先行词之间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词。非限制性定语从句仅作为补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个句子。Eg:This is the house which we bought last month. （限制性） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. （非限制性）功能不同： 限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清。而非限定性定语从句与先行词关系不失分密切，只是对于其做一些附加说明

2、，不起限定制约作用。如果将非限定性定语从句省略，主句的意义仍然完整。People who take physical exercise live longer.（若把从句去掉句子就失去意义。） His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week.（若把从句去掉，句子意义仍然完整。翻译不同： 在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词前面，而把非限定性语从句与主句分开。翻译下列句子，注意体会限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句在表达意义上的区别。1. He has a brother who is a physi

3、cist.2. 他有一个当医生的兄弟。（不止一个兄弟，其中一个是医生） He has a brother, who is a physicist.他有一个兄弟，是个医生。（只有一个兄弟）3. He returned all the books which are written in English.4. 他把所有的英文书都归还了。（还有别的书没归还） He returned all the books, which are written in English.他把所有的书都归还了；这些书都是英文书。*想一想： 为什么当先行词是专有名词或由物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限

4、制性的 ？ 关系词的使用情况有所不同 （一） that 不可用于引导非限制性定语从句 所有关系代词和关系副词均可引导限制性定语从句,大多数关系代词和关系副词可引导非限制性定语从句,但 that 不可。 例 1. 他送给他母亲一台彩电作为生日礼物,这使她非常高兴。 误: He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, that pleased her a lot. 正: He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, which pleased her a lot. 例 2. 他没通过

5、这次考试,令我很失望。 He didnt pass the exam, that disappointed me.t pass the exam, which disappointed me. 值得注意的是,不少同学误认为只有 which 才能引导非限制性定语从句,这个观点是不正确的。使用非限制性定语从句时,如果先行词指人,则用 who , which 或 whose 引导非限制性定语从句;先行词指物可用 which 引导非限制性定语从句;先行词表时间或地点且在从句中作时间状语或地点状语时,可用 when , where 引导非限制性定语从句。 例 1. Well graduate in Ju

6、ly, when we will be free. 我们将于七月份毕业,到那时我们就自由了。 例 2. Last Sunday they reached Nanjing, where a conference was to be held. 他们上周日到达南京,有个会议要在那里举行。 （二）关系代词替代情况不同 关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who 代替 whom ,但 whom 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用 who 来代替。 例 1. This is the girl whom I met in the street. 这是我在街上遇到的那个女孩。 析:先行词 t

7、he girl 在限制性定语从句中作宾语,可用 who 代替 whom . 例 2. A young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to impress. 一个年轻的小伙子新交了一个女朋友,他想给她留下深刻的印象。先行词 a new girl friend 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语,不可用 who 代替 whom . 在限制性定语从句中,先行词指人时可用 that 代替 who/ whom ,但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时,不可用 that 代替 who/whom . 例:她有一个姐姐,她是教师。 She has a sister,

8、that is a teacher. She has a sister, who is teacher. （三）关系代词省略情况不同 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去,非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省。 例 1. This is the book （which/that） he lost yesterday. 这就是他昨天丢的那本书。先行词 the book 在限制性定语从句中作宾语,关系代词 which 或 that 可以省略。 例 2. The book, which he lost yesterday, has been found. 他昨天丢了这本书,但现在已找到了。先行

9、词 the book 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语,关系代词 which 不可省。 实战演练 1. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. A. it B. which C. this D. that 2. Have you ever been to Xian, _ I left ten years ago. A. which B. whose C. that D. / 3. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could ex

10、pect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 4. His English, _ used to be very poor is now excellent. A. which B. that C. it D . whom 5. Some of the roads were flooded, _ makes o ur journey more difficult. A. that B. it C. which D. who 6. Ill find a nice girl, _ I want to marry. A. who B. whom C. that D. wh

11、ich 7. Ill come at ten, _ Ill be free. A. which B. that C. when D. what 8. She has two brothers, _ are teachers. A. who B. that C. whom D. / 9. Which answer is NOT true? This is the factory _ I visited yesterday. A. that B. which C. / D. where 10. I still remember the days _ I spent in Beijing.A. wh

12、en B. what C. that D. during1.Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school_I met in the English speech contest last year. A.who B.where C.when D.which2.The old town has narrow streets and small houses_are built close to each other. A.they B.where C.what D.that3.All the neighbors

13、 admire this family,_the parents are treating their child as a friend. A.why B.where C.which D.that4.The visitor_passport was stolen was on his way to the US. A.which B.that C.who D.whose5.Everyone has periods in their lives_everything seems very hard. A.when B.where C.which D.that6.Well reach the s

14、ales targets in a month_we set at the beginning of the year. A.which B.where C.when D.what7.Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment they live.A.what B.which C.when D.where8.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work a good impression is a must.A.whi

15、ch B.when C.as D.where9.Many children, parents are away working in a big cities, are taken good care of in the village.A.their B.whose C.of them D.with whom10.Until now, we have raised 50000 pounds for the poor children, is quite unexpected.A.that B.which C.who D.it必修二 Unit2一般将来时的被动语态复习一般将来时：一、概念：一般

16、将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常发生的动作。二、一般将来时结构：1.主语+ will （shall） + 动词原形 。动词一般将来时，表示将要发生事（ 所有人称都可以用will，shall只用于I, We 后面） 如：肯定式：They will finish the work next week.否定式： They wont finish the work next week.疑问式： Will they finish the work next week? 2. 主语+ be （am, is, are） going to + 动词原形 。 be going to

17、, 表打算，准备计划将来干；表可能，有必然，通过现象来判断。如： Im going to see a film this evening. 今晚上我打算去看电影。 Its going to rain. 天要下雨了。 We arent going to have any lessons next week. 我们下周不上课。注意：will/ shall 和 be going to 结构的区别（1）对于事先经过考虑的打算、计划，应使用be going to 结构。Why are you taking down all the pictures? I am going to repaint the

18、wall.（2）对于事先未经过考虑的打算、计划，而是临时起意，则用will 结构。常见于会话时，乙听了甲的话做出的反应。Where is the telephone book? Ill go and get it for you .（3）表示即将发生某事时，两者区别不大，多可互换。What is going to happen? -What will happen?be going to 一般指较近的将来，will则表示较远的将来。（4）正式的通知等多用will.3.be about to + 动词原形, 表示即将发生的动作。The concert is about to begin. 音乐会

19、即将开始。4.be +动词不定式，表示安排或计划好的动作。There is to be a sports meeting next week.一般将来时的被动语态：1. 动作发生在将来.2. 强调动作的承受者,或不能或无须提及动作的执行者结构: 1. shall /will be +过去分词The 30th Olympic Games will be hosted by London in the year 2012.否定句：shall /will not be +过去分词He will not be sent there tomorrow.一般疑问式：Will +主语+be done?Wil

20、l the 30th Olympic Games be hosted by London in the year 2012?特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+will+主语+be done?When will the 30th Olympic Games be hosted in the year 2012?2. be going to be+过去分词The old library is going to be pulled down soon.His new book is going to be published next month.3. be to be +过去分词The task is to

21、 be finished in ten minutes.Your homework is to be handed in tomorrow.4. be about to be+过去分词The wall is about to be painted by the worker. 注意：使用一般将来时的被动语态时，应注意以下两点：1在时间、条件状语从句中，应使用现在时表示将来时。同样，应使用现在时的被动语态表示将来时的被动语态。例如：He says he will leave the company if he is punished for this When the dam is comple

22、ted，the Changjiang River will be controlled 2使用一般将来时被动语态时，学生易遗漏被动式中的be。【误】A new film will shown at the cinema next week 【误】Is this bridge going to completed before the end of this year？【正】Is this bridge going to be completed before the end of this year？一般将来时被动语态：A.将下列句子改成被动式1.They will give her a go

23、ld medal._2.The construction workers will put down the old temple.3.They will read The Music of Chance by Paul Auster.4.The rabbits will eat the carrots._5.The police is going to have the thief stay in prison. 6.Kelly is about to sing us a song at the party.7.The mother is going to tell the baby a s

24、tory.8.My mother will give me a present.选择题1.If the work _,you can go and play games. A. finished B. has finished C. will be finish D. is finished2. It was raining heavily outside, the children were made _ in the classroom.A. stay B. to stay C. staying D. stayed3. Kate _ the letter before her mother

25、 came into her bedroom.A. has written B. was written C. had written D. is writing4. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish _ into the river. A. neednt be thrown B. mustnt be thrown C. cant throw D. may not throw5. I like my bike. It _ very well. A. rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has ridden6. I

26、 wont come to the party unless Tom _, too.You mean if Tom comes ,youll come.A. will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited7. Everyone who heard Mr. Greens story _ it.A. laughed at B. was laughed C. laughed D. was laughed at8. The children must _.A.look after B. be taken good care C. look the sam

27、e D. be taken good care of9. The woman still doesnt know what _ in her hometown A. happens B. happened C. will happen D. was happened10. I saw you were on foot this morning.Yes. My bike _. A. is mending B. is being mended C. is mended D. is being mending必修二 Unit3 现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时被动语态用法是高考的重要考点，学习时候应该注意下列几点：一、掌握现在完成时被动语态的构成现在完成时被动语态的结构为has/ have been done, 使用has been done时主语为单数，使用have been done时主语为复数。This book has been translated into many languages.这本书已被译为多国语言。His bikes have been sold out. 他的自行车已都卖完了。二、理解现在完成时被动语态的概念现在完成时被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作，它有两