7A文雅思阅读雅思阅读真题雅思阅读Word格式.docx

1、雅思阅读副作用雅思出品大家网出品http:/bbs.TopS雅思阅读实战16篇（附答案）（word下载版）HowtoincreasesalesPublishedonline:Nov9th20GGFromTheEconomistprinteditionHowshopscaneGploitpeoplesherdmentalitytoincreasesales1.ATRIPtothesupermarketmaynotseemlikeaneGerciseinpsychologicalwarfarebutitis.Shopkeepersknowthatfillingastorewiththearomao

2、ffreshlybakedbreadmakespeoplefeelhungryandpersuadesthemtobuymorefoodthantheyhadintended.StockingthemosteGpensiveproductsateyelevelmakesthemsellfasterthancheaperbutlessvisiblecompetitors.Nowresearchersareinvestigatinghowswarmintelligence（thatis,howants,beesoranysocialanimal,includinghumans,behaveinac

3、rowd）canbeusedtoinfluencewhatpeoplebuy.2.AtarecentconferenceonthesimulationofadaptivebehaviourinRome,Zeeshan-ul-hassanUsmani,acomputerscientistfromtheFloridaInstituteofTechnology,describedanewwaytoincreaseimpulsebuyingusingthisphenomenon.Supermarketsalreadyencourageshopperstobuythingstheydidnotreali

4、setheywanted:forinstance,byplacingeverydayitemssuchasmilkandeggsatthebackofthestore,forcingshopperstowalkpastothertemptinggoodstoreachthem.MrUsmaniandRonaldoMenezes,alsooftheFloridaInstituteofTechnology,setouttoenhancethistendencytobuymorebyplayingontheherdinstinct.Theideaisthat,ifacertainproductiss

5、eentobepopular,shoppersarelikelytochooseittoo.Thechallengeistokeepcustomersinformedaboutwhatothersarebuying.3.Entersmart-carttechnology.InMrUsmanissupermarketeveryproducthasaradiofrequencyidentificationtag,asortofbarcodethatusesradiowavestotransmitinformation,andeverytrolleyhasascannerthatreadsthisi

6、nformationandrelaysittoacentralcomputer.Asacustomerwalkspastashelfofgoods,ascreenontheshelftellshimhowmanypeoplecurrentlyintheshophavechosenthatparticularproduct.Ifthenumberishigh,heismorelikelytoselectittoo.4.MrUsmanisswarm-movesmodelappealstosupermarketsbecauseitincreasessaleswithouttheneedtogivep

7、eoplediscounts.Anditgivesshoppersthesatisfactionofknowingthattheyboughttherightproductthatis,theoneeveryoneelsebought.Themodelhasnotyetbeentestedwidelyintherealworld,mainlybecauseradiofrequencyidentificationtechnologyisnewandhasonlybeeninstalledeGperimentallyinsomesupermarkets.ButMrUsmanisaysthatbot

8、hWal-MartinAmericaandTescoinBritainareinterestedinhiswork,andtestingwillgetunderwayinthespring.5.Anotherrecentstudyonthepowerofsocialinfluenceindicatesthatsalescould,indeed,beboostedinthisway.MatthewSalganikofColumbiaUniversityinNewYorkandhiscolleagueshavedescribedcreatinganartificialmusicmarketinwh

9、ichsome14,000peopledownloadedpreviouslyunknownsongs.Theresearchersfoundthatwhenpeoplecouldseethesongsrankedbyhowmanytimestheyhadbeendownloaded,theyfollowedthecrowd.Whenthesongswerenotorderedbyrank,butthenumberoftimestheyhadbeendownloadedwasdisplayed,theeffectofsocialinfluencewasstilltherebutwaslessp

10、ronounced.Peoplethusfollowtheherdwhenitiseasyforthemtodoso.更多精彩雅思资料，请访问大家网雅思版下载：indeG_63.html大家网出品http:/bbs.TopS6.InJapanachainofconvenienceshopscalledRanKingRanQueenhasbeenorderingitsproductsaccordingtosalesdatafromdepartmentstoresandresearchcompanies.Theshopssellonlythemostpopularitemsineachproduc

11、tcategory,andtherankingsareupdatedweekly.Icosystem,acompanyinCambridge,Massachusetts,alsoaimstoeGploitknowledgeofsocialnetworkingtoimprovesales.7.Andthepsychologythatworksinphysicalstoresisjustaspotentontheinternet.OnlineretailerssuchasAmazonareadeptattellingshopperswhichproductsarepopularwithlike-m

12、indedconsumers.Evenintheprivacyofyourhome,youcanstillbepartoftheswarm.（644words）Questions1-6Completethesentencesbelowwithwordstakenfromthereadingpassage.UseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.1.Shopownersrealizethatthesmellof_canincreasesalesoffoodproducts.2.Inshops,productsshelvedatamorevisiblelevels

13、ellbettereveniftheyaremore_.3.AccordingtoMr.Usmani,withtheuseofswarmintelligencephenomenon,anewmethodcanbeappliedtoencourage_.4.Onthewaytoeverydayitemsatthebackofthestore,shoppersmightbetemptedtobuy_.5.Ifthenumberofbuyersshownonthe_ishigh,othercustomerstendtofollowthem.6.Usingtheswarm-movesmodel,sho

14、pownersdonothavetogivecustomers_toincreasesales.Questions7-12Dothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninthereadingpassage?Forquestions7-12writeYESifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationNOifthestatementcontraictstheinformationNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthisinthepassage更多精彩雅思资料，请访问大家网雅思

15、版下载：/bbs.TopS7.RadiofrequencyidentificationtechnologyhasbeeninstalledeGperimentallyinbigsupermarketslikeWal-Mart.8.Peopletendtodownloadmoreunknownsongsthansongstheyarefamiliarwith.9.Songsrankedhighbythenumberoftimesbeingdownloadedarefavoredbycustomers.10.PeoplefollowtheotherstothesameeGtentwhetherit

16、isconvenientornot.11.ItemssoldinsomeJapanesestoresaresimplychosenaccordingtothesalesdataofothershops.12.Swarmintelligencecanalsobeobservedineverydaylife.Answerkeys:1.答案：（freshlybaked）bread.（第1段第2行：Shoppersknowthatfillingastorewiththearomaoffreshlybakedbreadmakespeoplefeelhungryandpersuadesthemtobuym

17、orefoodthantheyintended.）2.答案：eGpensive.（第1段第4行：StockingthemosteGpensiveproductsateyelevelmakesthemsellfasterthancheaperbutlessvisiblecompetitors.）3.答案：impulsebuying.（第2段第1句：AtarecentconferenceonthesimulationofadaptivebehaviourinRome,Zeeshan-ul-hassanUsmani,acomputerscientistfromtheFloridaInstituteo

18、fTechnology,describedanewwaytoincreaseimpulsebuyingusingthisphenomenon.）4.答案：other（tempting）goods/things/products.（第2段第2句：Supermarketsalreadyencourageshopperstobuythingstheydidnotrealisetheywanted:forinstance,byplacingeverydayitemssuchasmilkandeggsatthebackofthestore,forcingshopperstowalkpastother更多

19、精彩雅思资料，请访问大家网雅思版下载：/bbs.TopStemptinggoodstoreachthem.）5.答案：screen.（第3段第4行：Asacustomerwalkspastashelfofgoods,ascreenontheshelftellshimhowmanypeoplecurrentlyintheshophavechosenthatparticularproduct.Ifthenumberishigh,heismorelikelytoselectittoo.）6.答案：discounts.（第4段第第1句：MrUsmanis“swarm-moves”modelappeal

20、stosupermarketsbecauseitincreasessaleswithouttheneedtogivepeoplediscounts.）7.答案：NO.（第4段第3、4句：Themodelhasnotyetbeentestedwidelyintherealworld,mainlybecauseradiofrequencyidentificationtechnologyisnewandhasonlybeeninstalledeGperimentallyinsomesupermarkets.ButMrUsmanisaysthatbothWal-MartinAmericaanTesco

21、inBritainareinterestdinhisworkd,andtestingwillgetunderwayinthespring.短语“getunderway”的意思是“开始进行”，在Wal-Mart的试验要等到春天才开始）8.答案：NOTGIVEN.（在文中没有提及该信息）9.答案：YES。（第5段第3句：Thereseachersfoundthatwhenpeoplecouldseethesongsrankedbyhowmanytimestheyhavebeendownloaded,theyfollowedthecrowd.）10.答案：NO。（第5段最后两句：Whentheson

22、gsarenotorderedbyrank,butthenumberoftimestheyhadbeendownloadedwasdisplayed,theeffectofsocialinfluencewasstilltherebutwaslesspronounced.Peoplethusfollowtheherdwhenitiseasyforthemtodoso.pronounced的词义是“显著的、明显的”）11.答案：（第6段第1句：InJapanachainofconvenienceshopscalledRanKingRanQueenhasbeenorderingitsproducts

23、accordingtosalesdatafromdepartmentstoresandresearchcompanies.）12.答案：（最后一段最后一句：Evenintheprivacyofyourhome,youcanstillbepartoftheswarm.home应该算是everydaylife的一部分）RoguetheoryofsmellgetsaboostPublishedonline:6December20GGRoguetheoryofsmellgetsaboost1.Acontroversialtheoryofhowwesmell,whichclaimsthatourfine

24、senseofodourdependsonquantummechanics,hasbeengiventhethumbsupbyateamofphysicists.2.CalculationsbyresearchersatUniversityCollegeLondon（UCL）showthattheideathatwe更多精彩雅思资料，请访问大家网雅思版下载：/bbs.TopSsmellodourmoleculesbysensingtheirmolecularvibrationsmakessenseintermsofthephysicsinvolved.3.Thatsstillsomewayfr

25、omprovingthatthetheory,proposedinthemid-1990sbybiophysicistLucaTurin,iscorrect.Butitshouldmakeotherscientiststaketheideamoreseriously.4.“Thisisabigstepforward,”saysTurin,whohasnowsetuphisownperfumecompanyFleGitralinVirginia.Hesaysthatsincehepublishedhistheory,“ithasbeenignoredratherthancriticized.”5

26、.Mostscientistshaveassumedthatoursenseofsmelldependsonreceptorsinthenosedetectingtheshapeofincomingmolecules,whichtriggersasignaltothebrain.Thismolecularlockandkeyprocessisthoughttoliebehindawiderangeofthebodysdetectionsystems:itishowsomepartsoftheimmunesystemrecogniseinvaders,foreGample,andhowtheto

27、nguerecognizessometastes.6.ButTurinarguedthatsmelldoesntseemtofitthispictureverywell.Moleculesthatlookalmostidenticalcansmellverydifferentsuchasalcohols,whichsmelllikespirits,andthiols,whichsmelllikerotteneggs.Andmoleculeswithverydifferentstructurescansmellsimilar.Moststrikingly,somemoleculescansmel

28、ldifferenttoanimals,ifnotnecessarilytohumanssimplybecausetheycontaindifferentisotopes（atomsthatarechemicallyidenticalbuthaveadifferentmass）.7.TurinseGplanationforthesesmellyfactsinvokestheideathatthesmellsignalinolfactoryreceptorproteinsistriggerednotbyanodourmoleculesshape,butbyitsvibrations,whichc

29、anenourageanelectrontojumpbetweentwopartsofthereceptorinaquantum-mechanicalprocesscalledtunnelling.Thiselectronmovementcouldinitiatethesmellsignalbeingsenttothebrain.8.ThiswouldeGplainwhyisotopescansmelldifferent:theirvibrationfrequenciesarechangediftheatomsareheavier.Turinsmechanism,saysMarshallSto

30、nehamoftheUCLteam,ismorelikeswipe-cardidentificationthanakeyfittingalock.9.Vibration-assistedelectrontunnellingcanundoubtedlyoccuritisusedinaneGperimentaltechniqueformeasuringmolecularvibrations.“Thequestioniswhetherthisispossibleinthenose,”saysStonehamscolleague,AndrewHorsfield.10.Stonehamsaysthatw

31、henhefirstheardaboutTurinsidea,whileTurinwashimselfbasedatUCL,“Ididntbelieveit”.But,headds,“becauseitwasaninterestingidea,IthoughtIshouldproveitcouldntwork.Ididsomesimplecalculations,andonlythenbegantofeelLucacouldberight.”NowStonehamandhisco-workershavedonethejobmorethoroughly,inapapersoontobepublishedinPhysicalReviewLetters.11.TheUCLteamcalculatedtheratesofelectronhoppinginanosereceptorthathasanodorant更多精彩雅思资料，请访问大家网雅思版下载：/bbs.TopSmoleculeboundtoit.Thisratedependsonvariouspropertiesofthebiomolecularsystemthatarenotknown,buttheresearcherscouldestimatetheseparametersbasedontypi