Basic Sentence Patterns文档格式.docx

1、A） Subject + Copula + Adjective （+ Prepositional Phrase） My trip to France was most pleasant.Are you angry at my words?B） Subject + Copula + Adjective beginning with a （+ Prepositional Phrase）Miss Cathy and her sister are quite alike in appearance.He was not quite aware of the consequence of his dec

2、ision.Note: The usual adjectives are：ablaze, abroad, adrift, aflame, afloat, afraid, alight, alive, alone, ashamed, asleep, awake ,etc.C） Subject + Copula + Adjective + of-Phrase） （1）Every time they meet us, they are full of complaints about something.He is careful of the rights of others.bare, capa

3、ble, desirous, doubtful, fond, forgetful, free, guilty, ignorant, innocent, liberal, proud, quick, short, etc.D） Subject + Copula + Adjective + of-Phrase） （2）Thats very thoughtful of your grandmother.It is very impolite of him to speak so loudly on such an occasion.careless, clever, considerate, cru

4、el, foolish, good, kind, nice, right, rude, silly, stupid, unwise, wise, wrong, etc.Such adjectives as these are frequently used to describe the character or quality of people.4. Subject + Copula + -ing ParticipleThe situation is quite encouraging.What the speaker said was convincing to the listener

5、s. The most commonly used ing participles are：amusing, charming, encouraging, confusing, disappointing, discouraging, exciting, interesting, inviting, missing, misleading, obliging, pressing, promising, puzzling, refreshing, shocking, striking, surprising, etc.5. Subject + Copula + -ed ParticipleThe

6、 airport is well designed.Is your friend qualified for the post? The most commonly used ed participles are: upset, decided, delighted, devoted, disappointed, discouraged, distinguished, drunk, amused, astonished, offended, hurt, faded, frightened, amazed, married, excited, exhausted, experienced, in

7、experienced, interested, complicated, confused, contented, crowded, qualified, pleased, puzzled, reserved, satisfied, surprised, tired, worried, unexpected, unmarried, unprepared, unqualified, etc.6. Subject + Copula + Adjective + inf.（phrase）She is very reluctant to go with us.A good student is alw

8、ays curious to learn.7. Subject + Copula + Adjective Phrase + inf.（phrase）This radio is too large to go into my pocket.The boy was clever enough not to commit such a stupid mistake.8. Subject + Copula + Adjective + Wh-word + inf.（phrase）The little child is not certain which to take.You must be caref

9、ul how to handle the machine.9. Subject + Copula + Adjective + ClauseThe local people are determined that the project be completed in time.Their daughter was very happy that she had got the opportunity to go to university.10. Subject + Copula + AdverbThe light was still on when he returned.Their nei

10、ghbor will take care of their house while they are away.The usual adverbs are：down, in, off, out, over, up, etc.11. Subject + Copula + Prepositional PhraseMatter is in constant motion and in constant change.The responsibility is on our presidents shoulder.12. Subject + Copula + of-phraseJob seeking

11、is of great interest to all the graduates.What the school master said at the meeting was of much importance.In the first two sentences abstract nouns are often used after of. More usages are: of no use, of great value, of some significance, of little assistance, of much help, of no interest, etc. An

12、d the prepositional phrase can be replaced by adjective equivalent：of great help = most helpful.In the second two sentences the same is used before of, which is often omitted and the nouns are often used to express age, measurement, color, etc：the same age, the same weight, the same length, the same

13、 size, the same price, the same width, etc. 13. Subject + Copula + inf. （phrase）Our approach to nature is to seek answers in experiment.The duty of a postman is to deliver letters and parcels.14. Subject + Copula + Wh-word + inf. （phrase） The trouble is how to find a new source of supply.The general

14、s order was when and where to attack the enemy.15. Subject + Copula + ClauseHer impression is that he is in favour of the arrangement.Whats troubling me is that I dont have much experience in this kind of work.16. Subject + Semi-copula + ComplementTheir effort has proved to be a failure.The search f

15、or new materials remains a matter of considerable importance.The most commonly used semi-copulas are：become, come, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, lie, look, seem, smell, taste, turn, etc.II. Subject + Verb + （Adverbial）1. Subject + Intransitive Verb + （Adverbial）My watch has stopped.Heat, light, sound

16、 and electricity travel in waves.2. Subject + Intransitive Verb + （for） + ComplementHe walked for ten miles.The headmaster spoke for an hour. There are a great deal of verbs with this pattern, some of the most usual are: climb, come, drive, drop, fall, follow, grow, jump, march, move, ride, rise, ru

17、n, sink, swim, walk, weigh, work.3. Subject + Intransitive Verb + inf. （phrase）I came to bury Caesar, not to praise him.The old woman sat in a corner so as not to be noticed by anybody.4. Subject + go-phraseSome teachers at our college go to church every Sunday morning.Helen went to office at half p

18、ast eight yesterday.More examples of the usage: go to bed / college / hell / hospital / law / market / press / sea / school / town / war, etc.5. Subject + Intransitive Verb + Nominal AdverbialThe forests stretched （for） miles and miles.That pair of trousers will last me at least another year.Usual v

19、erbs are：cost, fall, live, march, measure, rise, run, travel, wait, walk, weight, work, etc. 6. Subject & Verb + so / notI think so.I hope not. Note: Frequently the patter is inverted; So I believe. So Ive heard. The verbs in this pattern are: be afraid, believe, expect, hope, say, suppose, think, e

20、tc. But the verbs hear, notice, see can be used only with the inverted pattern （So I hear, etc.）7. Subject + Phrasal Verb + （Adverbial）Some of the rules are dying out gradually.The plane for Shanghai takes off at ten to six.8. there + be + Subject + （Adverbial）There is much truth in what you say.The

21、re have been many such incidents before in this area.9. there be no -ing participle （phrase）There was no knowing when he would be back.There is no denying that he is a good leader.10. there Phrasal Verb Subject （Adverbial）There happened to be a letter box at the corner of the street.There used to be

22、 many traffic accidents before the fly-way was built.11. there + Intransitive Verb Subject + （Adverbial）There lies a big oil field beyond the hill.There runs a small river through the town.Such intransitive verbs are：appear, arise, begin, come, emerge, exist, fall, follow, hang, land, live, occur, r

23、ise, sit, stand, etc.III. Subject + Verb + Object 1. Subject + Transitive Verb + Noun / PronounThe theory bears examination.They have known each other very well.2. Subject + Transitive Verb + Cognate Noun I dreamt a curious, terrible dream last night.The girl smiled a very sweet smile to her boy fri

24、end.Such cognate nouns are：sleep a sound sleep, laugh a hearty laugh, die a heroic death, sing a merry song, fight a bloody fight, run a race, etc.3. Subject + Transitive Verb + Noun （derived from verb）I often take a hot bath in the evening.The earthquake has caused great damage and loss of life.The

25、 climbers had several rests on their way up the hill.The verbs with this pattern：do, have, give, make, take, etc. The most commonly used nouns derived from verb are: bath, breath, cry, damage, drive, effort, glance, look, nap, progress, rest, ride, share, smoke, stroll, talk, telephone call, try, wa

26、lk, work, etc.4. Subject have （got） + Noun + inf. （phrase） Our dean will have an important meeting to attend next week.The nurse has got five children to look after.5. Subject + Intransitive Verb + Preposition + Noun / PronounThe town relied on the seasonal tourist industry for jobs.We must stick to

27、 the principle through thick and thin.6. Subject + Intransitive Verb + of + Noun / PronounHer parents did not approve of their marriage.Lately he has been complaining of insomnia and headache.We have some other such usages：admit of, dream of, judge of ,know of, read of, repent of, speak of, talk of,

28、 tell of, think of, write of, etc.7. Subject + Transitive Verb + Noun + Preposition + Noun / PronounMost students take an active part in sports.Ill pay a visit to an old friend of mine before I leave.8. Subject + Transitive Verb + Adverb + Noun The operator didnt put through the passenger.When Mr Gr

29、een retired his son took over the business from him.9. Subject + Transitive Verb + Noun / pronoun + Adverb Lets take our raincoats off since it has stopped raining.If I get any further information, I will ring you up.This pattern is derived from the former. More verbs are：give up, lay down, make up, take in, take up, set up, etc. When the object is a pronoun, the adverb is generally placed after the object：Please take them down.10. Subject + Intransitive Verb + Adverb + Preposition + Noun / PronounThey have been looking forward to increasing trade between the two countries. I