Basic Sentence Patterns文档格式.docx
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A)Subject+Copula+Adjective(+PrepositionalPhrase)
MytriptoFrancewasmostpleasant.
Areyouangryatmywords?
B)Subject+Copula+Adjectivebeginningwith‘a’(+PrepositionalPhrase)
MissCathyandhersisterarequitealikeinappearance.
Hewasnotquiteawareoftheconsequenceofhisdecision.
Note:
Theusualadjectivesare:
ablaze,abroad,adrift,aflame,afloat,afraid,alight,alive,alone,ashamed,asleep,awake,etc.
C)Subject+Copula+Adjective+of-Phrase)
(1)
Everytimetheymeetus,theyarefullofcomplaintsaboutsomething.
Heiscarefuloftherightsofothers.
bare,capable,desirous,doubtful,fond,forgetful,free,guilty,ignorant,innocent,liberal,proud,quick,short,etc.
D)Subject+Copula+Adjective+of-Phrase)
(2)
That'
sverythoughtfulofyourgrandmother.
Itisveryimpoliteofhimtospeaksoloudlyonsuchanoccasion.
careless,clever,considerate,cruel,foolish,good,kind,nice,right,rude,silly,stupid,unwise,wise,wrong,etc.
Suchadjectivesasthesearefrequentlyusedtodescribethecharacterorqualityofpeople.
4.Subject+Copula+-ingParticiple
Thesituationisquiteencouraging.
Whatthespeakersaidwasconvincingtothelisteners.
Themostcommonlyused–ingparticiplesare:
amusing,charming,encouraging,confusing,disappointing,discouraging,exciting,interesting,inviting,missing,misleading,obliging,pressing,promising,puzzling,refreshing,shocking,striking,surprising,etc..
5.Subject+Copula+-edParticiple
Theairportiswelldesigned.
Isyourfriendqualifiedforthepost?
Themostcommonlyused–edparticiplesare:
upset,decided,delighted,devoted,disappointed,discouraged,distinguished,drunk,amused,astonished,offended,hurt,faded,frightened,amazed,married,excited,exhausted,experienced,inexperienced,interested,complicated,confused,contented,crowded,qualified,pleased,puzzled,reserved,satisfied,surprised,tired,worried,unexpected,unmarried,unprepared,unqualified,etc..
6.Subject+Copula+Adjective+inf.(phrase)
Sheisveryreluctanttogowithus.
Agoodstudentisalwayscurioustolearn.
7.Subject+Copula+AdjectivePhrase+inf.(phrase)
Thisradioistoolargetogointomypocket.
Theboywascleverenoughnottocommitsuchastupidmistake.
8.Subject+Copula+Adjective+Wh-word+inf.(phrase)
Thelittlechildisnotcertainwhichtotake.
Youmustbecarefulhowtohandlethemachine.
9.Subject+Copula+Adjective+Clause
Thelocalpeoplearedeterminedthattheprojectbecompletedintime.
Theirdaughterwasveryhappythatshehadgottheopportunitytogotouniversity.
10.Subject+Copula+Adverb
Thelightwasstillonwhenhereturned.
Theirneighborwilltakecareoftheirhousewhiletheyareaway.
Theusualadverbsare:
down,in,off,out,over,up,etc.
11.Subject+Copula+PrepositionalPhrase
Matterisinconstantmotionandinconstantchange.
Theresponsibilityisonourpresident'
sshoulder.
12.Subject+Copula+of-phrase
Jobseekingisofgreatinteresttoallthegraduates.
Whattheschoolmastersaidatthemeetingwasofmuchimportance.
Inthefirsttwosentencesabstractnounsareoftenusedafterof.Moreusagesare:
ofnouse,ofgreatvalue,ofsomesignificance,oflittleassistance,ofmuchhelp,ofnointerest,etc.Andtheprepositionalphrasecanbereplacedbyadjectiveequivalent:
ofgreathelp=mosthelpful.
Inthesecondtwosentences‘thesame’isusedbefore‘of’,whichisoftenomittedandthenounsareoftenusedtoexpressage,measurement,color,etc:
thesameage,thesameweight,thesamelength,thesamesize,thesameprice,thesamewidth,etc.
13.Subject+Copula+inf.(phrase)
Ourapproachtonatureistoseekanswersinexperiment.
Thedutyofapostmanistodeliverlettersandparcels.
14.Subject+Copula+Wh-word+inf.(phrase)
Thetroubleishowtofindanewsourceofsupply.
Thegeneral'
sorderwaswhenandwheretoattacktheenemy.
15.Subject+Copula+Clause
Herimpressionisthatheisinfavourofthearrangement.
What'
stroublingmeisthatIdon'
thavemuchexperienceinthiskindofwork.
16.Subject+Semi-copula+Complement
Theirefforthasprovedtobeafailure.
Thesearchfornewmaterialsremainsamatterofconsiderableimportance.
Themostcommonlyusedsemi-copulasare:
become,come,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,lie,look,seem,smell,taste,turn,etc.
II.Subject+Verb+(Adverbial)
1.Subject+IntransitiveVerb+(Adverbial)
Mywatchhasstopped.
Heat,light,soundandelectricitytravelinwaves.
2.Subject+IntransitiveVerb+(for)+Complement
Hewalkedfortenmiles.
Theheadmasterspokeforanhour.
Thereareagreatdealofverbswiththispattern,someofthemostusualare:
climb,come,drive,drop,fall,follow,grow,jump,march,move,ride,rise,run,sink,swim,walk,weigh,work.
3.Subject+IntransitiveVerb+inf.(phrase)
IcametoburyCaesar,nottopraisehim.
Theoldwomansatinacornersoasnottobenoticedbyanybody.
4.Subject+go-phrase
SometeachersatourcollegegotochurcheverySundaymorning.
Helenwenttoofficeathalfpasteightyesterday.
Moreexamplesoftheusage:
gotobed/college/hell/hospital/law/market/press/sea/school/town/war,etc.
5.Subject+IntransitiveVerb+NominalAdverbial
Theforestsstretched(for)milesandmiles.
Thatpairoftrouserswilllastmeatleastanotheryear.
Usualverbsare:
cost,fall,live,march,measure,rise,run,travel,wait,walk,weight,work,etc.
6.Subject&
Verb+so/not
Ithinkso.
Ihopenot.
Note:
Frequentlythepatterisinverted;
SoIbelieve.SoI’veheard.
Theverbsinthispatternare:
beafraid,believe,expect,hope,say,suppose,think,etc.Buttheverbshear,notice,seecanbeusedonlywiththeinvertedpattern(SoIhear,etc.)
7.Subject+PhrasalVerb+(Adverbial)
Someoftherulesaredyingoutgradually.
TheplaneforShanghaitakesoffattentosix.
8.there+be+Subject+(Adverbial)
Thereismuchtruthinwhatyousay.
Therehavebeenmanysuchincidentsbeforeinthisarea.
9.there+be+no+-ingparticiple(phrase)
Therewasnoknowingwhenhewouldbeback.
Thereisnodenyingthatheisagoodleader.
10.there+PhrasalVerb+Subject+(Adverbial)
Therehappenedtobealetterboxatthecornerofthestreet.
Thereusedtobemanytrafficaccidentsbeforethefly-waywasbuilt.
11.there+IntransitiveVerb+Subject+(Adverbial)
Thereliesabigoilfieldbeyondthehill.
Thererunsasmallriverthroughthetown.
Suchintransitiveverbsare:
appear,arise,begin,come,emerge,exist,fall,follow,hang,land,live,occur,rise,sit,stand,etc.
III.Subject+Verb+Object
1.Subject+TransitiveVerb+Noun/Pronoun
Thetheorybearsexamination.
Theyhaveknowneachotherverywell.
2.Subject+TransitiveVerb+CognateNoun
Idreamtacurious,terribledreamlastnight.
Thegirlsmiledaverysweetsmiletoherboyfriend.
Suchcognatenounsare:
sleepasoundsleep,laughaheartylaugh,dieaheroicdeath,singamerrysong,fightabloodyfight,runarace,etc.
3.Subject+TransitiveVerb+Noun(derivedfromverb)
Ioftentakeahotbathintheevening.
Theearthquakehascausedgreatdamageandlossoflife.
Theclimbershadseveralrestsontheirwayupthehill.
Theverbswiththispattern:
do,have,give,make,take,etc.
Themostcommonlyusednounsderivedfromverbare:
bath,breath,cry,damage,drive,effort,glance,look,nap,progress,rest,ride,share,smoke,stroll,talk,telephonecall,try,walk,work,etc.
4.Subject+have(got)+Noun+inf.(phrase)
Ourdeanwillhaveanimportantmeetingtoattendnextweek.
Thenursehasgotfivechildrentolookafter.
5.Subject+IntransitiveVerb+Preposition+Noun/Pronoun
Thetownreliedontheseasonaltouristindustryforjobs.
Wemuststicktotheprinciplethroughthickandthin.
6.Subject+IntransitiveVerb+of+Noun/Pronoun
Herparentsdidnotapproveoftheirmarriage.
Latelyhehasbeencomplainingofinsomniaandheadache.
Wehavesomeothersuchusages:
admitof,dreamof,judgeof,knowof,readof,repentof,speakof,talkof,tellof,thinkof,writeof,etc.
7.Subject+TransitiveVerb+Noun+Preposition+Noun/Pronoun
Moststudentstakeanactivepartinsports.
I'
llpayavisittoanoldfriendofminebeforeIleave.
8.Subject+TransitiveVerb+Adverb+Noun
Theoperatordidn'
tputthroughthepassenger.
WhenMrGreenretiredhissontookoverthebusinessfromhim.
9.Subject+TransitiveVerb+Noun/pronoun+Adverb
Let'
stakeourraincoatsoffsinceithasstoppedraining.
IfIgetanyfurtherinformation,Iwillringyouup.
Thispatternisderivedfromtheformer.Moreverbsare:
giveup,laydown,makeup,takein,takeup,setup,etc.
Whentheobjectisapronoun,theadverbisgenerallyplacedaftertheobject:
Pleasetakethemdown.
10.Subject+IntransitiveVerb+Adverb+Preposition+Noun/Pronoun
Theyhavebeenlookingforwardtoincreasingtradebetweenthetwocountries.
I