1、adjustment n.调整 mask n.面具 be back on ones feet完全复原hover v.盘旋 carriage n.运输工具 press v.按 fasten v.系牢 belt n.腰带 lose sight of看不见 sweep up打扫 flash v.(使)闪光 switch n.开关 timetable n.时间表 exhausted adj.筋疲力尽的 slide into(快捷而悄声的)移动 optimistic adj.乐观(主义)的 pessimistic adj.悲观(主义)的 speed up加速 pedal n.踏板 alien n.外星人
2、 mud n.泥 desert n.沙漠 enormous adj.巨大的imitate v.模仿 moveable adj.可移动的 citizen n.公民 typist n打字员typewriter n.打字机 postage n.邮资postcode n.邮政编码 button n.按钮 instant n.瞬间 receiver n.接受者efficiency n.效率 efficient adj.效率高的 ribbon n.丝带 dustbin n.垃圾dispose v.布置 disposal n.清除 ecology n.生态 greedy adj.贪吃的 swallow v.
3、吞下material n.原料 recycle v.回收利用 manufacture v.大量生产 goods n.货物etc abbr.诸如此类 representative n.代表 settlement n.定居 motivation n.动机 Unit 3 Life in the future (知识点剖析)(一)单词巧记典句考点1. vehiclei:ikl n. 交通工具;车辆【巧记提示】 词根vect,“传送;运载”。 【经典例句】 The street is dominated by car vehicles. 街道上满是车辆。【考点聚焦】 1)vehicle 特指陆地上的交通
4、工具。2)vehicle还可以指“(思想、情报的)传达手段、媒介”,如:This radio station has become a vehicle for conservative opinion. 这家电台已成为保守派意见的传播管道。3)常见同义词有conveyance n. 运输;财产让与;运输工具;carriage n. 四轮马车;客车2. privaterivit adj. 私人的;私有的【巧记提示】 priv(单独;个别;私下)+-ate(具有或显示某性质)。【经典例句】 This is private parking lot, you cannot park here. 这是私
5、人的停车点,你不能在这里停车。【考点聚焦】 1)固定搭配:in private 秘密的;不公开的;私下的反义词:in public 公开的;公众的2)同根词:privacy n. 私生活;隐私如:Telling that on TV was invasion of her privacy. 在电视上谈论那件事侵犯了她的隐私权。3. impressionim n. 印象;感想;印记【巧记提示】 im(置于某状态或条件中;向内)+press(给以压力)+ ion(表示行为;行为的状态或结果) 【经典例句】 His speech made quite an impression on the aud
6、ience. 他的演说给听众留下了相当好的印象。leave/make/have a.impression 给某人留下印象 be under the impression that. 觉得;以为 his impression of her=her impression on him 她给他留下的印象 2)其动词形式impress用法:impress 作“使(某人)印象深刻”时,通常用于被动语态:be impressed by/at/with sth.或be impressed on ones mind/memory。如:The teachers were most impressed by yo
7、ur performance in the exam. 所有老师被你们的考试成绩所深深感动。4. constantlynstntli adv. 不断地【巧记提示】 constant(adj. 持续的)+-ly(副词后缀) 【经典例句】 His report was constantly interrupted by applause. 他的报告频频被掌声所打断。【考点聚焦】 constantly经常和进行时连用,如:Im constantly telling her to behave herself. 我不断地告诉她要守规矩。5. remind riaind vt. 提醒;使想起【巧记提示】
8、 re-(再;又)+mind(想) 【经典例句】 The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late. 看到钟使我想起我已经迟到了。remind.of.使回想起;意识到,如:The play reminds me of the war years. 这部戏剧使我想起了战争年代。2)作“回忆起”解时,其同义词为recall。I recall stories that my father told me years ago. 我还记得爸爸几年前给我讲的故事。6. openingpni n. 通路;开口;开端【巧记提示】 open(v. 开)+-in
9、g(名词后缀,表示“结果;产物”) 【经典例句】 He put a gate across the opening in the fence. 他在围墙的开口处安了一个门。【考点聚焦】 opening意为“开口;洞口;空缺”时,为可数名词;当意为“开始;开头”时,为不可数名词。The sheep got out through an opening in the fence. 羊从围栏的破洞中跑了出去。7. lack lk n. &v. 缺乏;没有【经典例句】 n. She showed a lack of humor. 她缺少幽默。 v. A coward lacks courage. 怯懦
10、者缺乏勇气。【考点聚焦】 辨析lack与shortage:lack是一个通用性名词,指整体或局部的不足;shortage在表示局部欠缺方面与lack同义,但它在指固定的、必须的或一般习惯量的总数不足时,比lack所表示的不足更甚。我的记忆卡固定搭配:for lack of 因缺乏have no lack of 不缺乏lack for nothing 一无所缺 be lacking in 缺乏8. presspres n. &v. 按;压;逼迫;印刷;新闻 【经典例句】 v. He pressed the doorbell. 他按了门铃。 n. The book was favorably no
11、ticed by the press. 此书颇获新闻界好评。【考点聚焦】 固定搭配:press on/upon 1)努力继续或前进,如:The boys pressed on in spite of the wind. 男孩子们不顾大风继续前进。2)把强加于,迫使接受,如:I wish hed stop trying to press his views upon his students. 但愿他不再把他的观点强加给学生。9. sightsait n. 视力;视觉;见 【巧记提示】 词根:see,表示“观察;看;与眼有关的”。【经典例句】 Crusoe was frightened at t
12、he sight of a mans footprint. 克鲁索看到一行人的脚印,他非常害怕。【考点聚焦】 1)sight 作不可数名词,意思是“视力;目光”。作为可数名词时,意为“光景,奇观”。2)注意sights意为“名胜”,如:Last summer we had seen the sights of Beijing. 去年夏天我们游览了北京的名胜。与sight相关的词组 lose ones sight 失明catch sight of 看见 lose sight of 看不见in sight 看得见 out of sight 看不见at the sight of 一看见10. ass
13、istist vi.&vt .帮助;援助;协助【巧记提示】 as-(ad-的一种形式,表示“添加;加强”)+sist(坚持;站立) 【经典例句】 We all assisted in mending the roof. 我们都帮忙修理屋顶。【考点聚焦】 同根词:assistance n. 帮助;assistant n. 助手;助理 我的记忆卡和assist相关的词组 assist(sb.) in/with sth.辅助(某人)某事 assist(sb.) in doing sth.辅助(某人)做某事 assist(sb.) to do sth.辅助(某人)做某事11. requireriwai
14、 vt. 需要;要求;命令quest,表示“要求;需要”。【经典例句】 All cars require servicing regularly. 所有汽车都需要定期检修。require sth.(of sb.)命令,指示,如:I will do everything that is required of me. 凡是要求我的事,我都会办到。2)其他用法:require 接宾语从句时,宾语从句须用should do的形式,其中should 可以省略。如:The situation requires that I(should) be there. 形势需要我去那儿。(二)短语1. take
15、up 拿起;接受;开始;继续 【巧记提示】 take(拿)+up(起) 【经典例句】 Take care not to take up the hot coals with your bare hands. 小心不要光着手去拿热煤块。【考点聚焦】 相关短语:take up with 与交往;与鬼混;就请教如: Bobs parents were alarmed to find that he had taken up with a group of very rough boys. 鲍勃的父母吃惊地发现他和一群粗野的男孩厮混在一起。2. as a result(of)结果;由于的结果 【经典例
16、句】 He worked hard,and as a result,he got promoted quickly. 他工作努力,被提拔得很快。【考点聚焦】 1)as a result(of)的用法:as a result 不是连词,只能作状语。He was late as a result of the traffic jam. =There was a traffic jam. As a result,he was late. 由于交通阻塞,他迟到了。as a result of 只能接名词、代词、动名词及what 引导的宾语从句。He was late for school as a r
17、esult of a serious traffic jam. 他上学迟到是因为交通严重堵塞。(三)句子剖析拓展1. The air seemed thin as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left.空气似乎很稀薄,好像在混合的气体中剩下的氧气很少。【剖析】 1)本句是由方式状语从句构成的复合句。2)as though引导方式状语从句,as though/if“好像;似乎”,如: The animal was walking as though it had hurt its leg. 这动物走路的样子好像伤了腿似的。3
18、)The air seemed thin是主句。主句是系表结构:seem是连系动词,thin是形容词在句子中充当表语。【拓展】 as though/if作连词用时,通常用虚拟语气,表示与事实不符或相反的情况。如果表示与现在事实相反,谓语用did或were,如与过去事实相反,则用过去完成时。还可用真实语气。The pen as though (if) is mine. 这枝钢笔好像是我的。2. If you cover something with a little of that liquid it will go soft. 如果你把这种液体抹在某个东西上一点,它就会软化 【剖析】 1)本句
19、是由条件状语从句构成的复合句。2)if引导的是条件状语从句,通常用一般现在时表将来。She will play the piano only if she is paid. 只有付给她报酬,她才愿意演奏钢琴。3)“It will go soft.”是主句,本句是系表结构,go是连系动词,soft是形容词作表语。【拓展】 go作连系动词,意为“变得(如何)”,后接形容词作表语,表示情况的变化并非人们所期望的。 He has gone mad.他疯了。3. The mu-mu drink is a strange mixture of carrot juice and cocoa,while th
20、e Dimpods drink lemonade mixed with herbs. 这是一种胡萝卜汁加可可粉的奇妙混合液,而丁泼兹喝的是含有香草的柠檬水。【剖析】 1)整个句子是由两个分句构成的并列句,while是并列连词。2)第一个分句是简单的主系表结构;第二个分句是主谓宾结构。3)在第一个分句中“of carrot juice and cocoa”是mixture的后置定语;第二个分句中过去分词短语“mixed with herbs”是lemonade的后置定语。【拓展】 1)while作为并列连词时,意为“而,然而,但是”,往往表示前后两个分句的对比。2)while作连词,意为“的时候
21、”时,从句谓语要用延续性动词。3)while作连词,意为“虽然”时,其用法与although相同。4. The Dimpods have so many arms and legs that you cannot tell which is which. 丁泼兹长着许许多多的手臂和腿,以至于你很难分清哪些是手臂哪些是腿。【剖析】 1)整个句子是由“so.that.”引导的复合句。2)“The Dimpods have(so)many arms and legs”是主句,“(that)you cannot tell which is which”是结果状语从句。3)that在本句中被省略。一般来
22、说,that在口语中有时会被省略,书面语中不省略为宜。【拓展】 结果状语从句常由“so.that”或“such.that”引导,掌握这两个句型,首先要了解so 和 such与其后的词的搭配规律。1)比较:so和 such such 是形容词,修饰名词或名词词组;so 是副词,只能修饰形容词或副词。so nice a flowersuch a nice flower 2)so 还可与表示数量的形容词如many, few, much, little等连用,形成固定搭配。 so many/few flowersso much/little money 3)so.that与such.that之间的转换
23、实际上就是 so与such之间的转换。The boy is so young that he cant go to school. =He is such a young boy that he cant go to school. 这个男孩太小了,以至于不能上学。语法剖析 本单元的主要语法项目是过去分词作状语和定语。 一、过去分词 过去分词有两大特点:一是表被动的概念;二是表动作已完成。过去分词在句中可用作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时,其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者。二、过去分词作状语的用法 过去分词或过去分词短语常用于以下几种状语:分类说明举例
24、时间状语可用于时间状语从句,也可在过去分词前加上连词“when,while,until”等,使其时间意义更明确。1)Seen from the hill,the park looks very beautiful. =When it is seen from the hill,the parks are very beautiful. 从山上看,这个公园非常美丽。2)Dont speak until spoken to. =Dont speak until you are spoken to. 当别人和你讲话时,你才能讲话。原因状语可用于原因状语从句或并列结构。Touched by his t
25、eachers words,the boy cried.=The boy was touched by his teachers words,so he cried. 这个男孩被老师的话打动了,所以他哭了。条件状语可加连词if,unless等转换成条件状语从句。Given more time,we could do it much better.(=If we were given more time,we could do it much better.) 多给我们点时间,我们会做得更好。让步状语有时可加although,though,even if,even though,whether.
26、or等连词转换成让步状语从句。Though warned of the storm,the farmers were still working in the fields. =Though they had been warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields. 虽然农民们已被告知将有风暴,但他们仍然在地里干活。方式伴随状语加and可转换成并列结构从句。The teacher entered the classroom,followed by a group of his students.=The te
27、acher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of his students. 老师走进教室,后面跟着一群学生。三、学习过去分词作定语时,注意过去分词所在的位置 单独的过去分词作定语常常置于其所修饰的名词前You should improve your spoken English.过去分词短语作定语常常置于其所修饰的名词后He is a teacher respectedby all his students.不及物动词的过去分词作定语当与其所修饰的名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系时,必须在该动词后使用必要的介词He is th
28、e student laughed at by all people just now.Unit 3 Life in the future一、请根据各句上下文的意义,选择正确的单词填入空白处。第一组:swift, extraordinary, agency, bend, carriage, constantly, previous, vehicle, press, helmet 1 Sun Yat-sen was a truly _ man in the Chinese history. 2 Please mark the pipe where you will _ it. 3 As you know, fashion is _ changing. 4 In front of the hotel are rows of parked _. 5 People are often asked to wear _ when riding motorbikes. 6 The _ conference is to be hel
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