大学英语四级考试语法系列讲座从句1Word文件下载.docx

1、经典考点2： is the center of our planetary system was a difficult concept to grasp in the Middle Ages.（CET-6，1993年6月） A）It is the sun and not the earth B）Being the sun and not the earthC）The sun and not the earth D）That the sun and not the earth该句中的连词that引导主语从句，它只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，本身无词义。在中世纪，人们很难接受我们行星体系的

2、中心是太阳而不是地球这一观点。注：that引导主 语从句时不能省略，并且为了保持句子的平衡常常后置，而由it作形式主语。It doesnt seem likely that she will be here.她来这里似乎是不太可能的。It happened that I knew his telephone number.碰巧我知道他的电话号码。It is reported that adopted children want to know who their natural parents are.（CET-4，1997年1月）A）the most B）most ofC）most D）th

3、e most of 巧解 本题应选C。该句中的that引导的主语从句用形式主语it置于句首。类似的句型有It is recorded that，It is said that,It should be noted that，It is suggested that,It has been found that等等。据报道，大多数被收养的孩子都想知道他们的生身父母是谁。二、表语从句用作表语的从句叫做表语从句（Predictive Clause）。表语从句通常由that和what引导，但有时也可由how，what，when，where，why等来引导。The trouble is that I h

4、ave lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。The question is how he did it. 问题在于他是如何做此事的。Output is now six times it was before 1990.（CET-6，1995年1月）A）that B）whatC）that which D）of that 巧解 本题应选B。该句中的what作关系代词，指“所东西”。在此句中what代指1990年前的产量，同时它引导的是一个表语从句。现在的产量是1990年以前的6倍。Water will continue to be it is todaynext in im

5、portance to oxygen.（考研，1992年）A）how B）which C）as D）what该句中what为关系代词，引导表语从句，并在从句中作表语。水的重要性将与其现在一样，仅次于氧气。三、同位语从句用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句（Appositive Clause）。同位语从句起着对先行词进一步解释说明的作用，通常由that引导，同位语的先行词通常为：appeal,belief,doubt,evidence,fact,hope,idea,likelihood,message,news,order,plan,possibility,promise,reply,proof,pr

6、oposal,rumor,suggestion,theory,truth等。There is a real danger that Oxford will not retain its world position. 现在牛津大学有保不住它的世界地位的实际危险。They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick. 对于你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。The mere fact most people believe nuclear wars would be madness doesnt mean that it wil

7、l not occur.（CET-4，1997年6月）A）what B）which C）that D）why本题是一主从复合句。主句部分是The mere factdoesnt mean that it will not occur,从句部分是most people believe nuclear wars would be madness，这一从句揭示了fact的内容，两者是一种同位关系。因此从全句结构和意思看，空缺处应填一个连接词，构成名词fact的同位语从句。所以C项that是正确答案。大多数人认为挑起核大战是一种疯狂的行为，仅这一事实并不意味着核大战不可能发生。 evidence th

8、at language-acquiring ability must be stimulated.（CET-4,1999年6月）A）It being B）It is C）There is D）There being分析该题题干可知，句子缺少谓语部分，首先排除A、D两选项。在that引导的从句中，that不做任何成分，只起连接作用，因此是evidence的同位语从句，对evidence作进一步解释说明。根据全句的含义，C答案最恰当。有证据表明，学习语言的能力必须激发。同位语从句可用于下列结构中：on condition that the supposition thatwith the exce

9、ption that in spite the fact thatwith the probabilities that等等。He was allowed to go swimming on condition that he kept near other boys. 他被允许去游泳，条件是要一直与别的男孩在一起。He went to the party in spite of the fact that he was not welcome. 尽管不受欢迎，他还是去参加了那个聚会。四、宾语从句用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句（Object Clause）。1.宾语从句的引导词宾语从句一般用tha

10、t和what来引导。此时，that只起连接作用，不作句子成分；what既起连接作用，也在从句中作句子成分。另外，how，when，where，which，who，why，whether等也可引导宾语从句。He told us that he felt ill.他告诉我们他感到不舒服。I doubt whether he will succeed.我怀疑他是否能成功。Although Anna is happy with her success, she wonders will happen to her private life.（CET-4，2000年1月）A）that B）what C）

11、it D）this该句含有一个让步状语从句，主句中又含有宾语从句，wonder后面常接由疑问词what，how，where等引导的宾语从句。根据题意，B为正确答案。全句意思为：虽然安娜对自己的成功感到很高兴，但她想知道她的私人生活将会发生什么。By success I dont mean usually thought of when that word is used.（CET-4，1996年6月）A）what is B）that we C）as you D）all is 巧解 本题应选A。该句中的宾语从句缺少一个主语，主句动词mean缺少一个宾语。A选项中的what作连接代词，意为“所的东

12、西”，并且is与thought of一起构成从句的谓语，表示被动含义。我说的成功不是使用这个词时通常所想到的涵义。经典考点3：This book will show the readers can be used in other contexts.（CET-6，1996年1月）A）how that they have observed B）that how they have observedC）how what they have observed D）that they have observed该句中how与后面的整个句子一起作为show的间接宾语。what they have obs

13、erved作为how引导的宾语从句的主语。这本书将要告诉读者怎样把观察到的东西用于其他情境。2.介词后的宾语从句宾语从句亦可用作介词的宾语。He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day. 他对那天发生的事情感到极为不快。I am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要说什么。As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think .（CET-4，1997年6月）A）ought to be sai

14、d B）must sayC）have to be said D）need to say该句中what we think和what is said一样，都是在介词with后面由what引导的宾语从句。在 前一从句中，what是主语，is said是动词的被动语态作谓语；在后一从句中what也是主语，谓语也应用被动语态。也可将后一从句中的we think理解成插入语成分，去掉它，句子同样正确。作为老师，我们关心的应该是学生说了什么，而不是我们自认为的学生应当说些什么。Physics is the present-day equivalent of used to be called natural

15、 philosophy from which most of the present-day sciences arose.（CET-6，1993年6月）A）that B）all C）which D）what在该句中，what used to be called natural philosophy作介词of的宾语从句，what作从句的主语。如今的物理相当于过去人们所称的自然哲学，后者是当今大多数科学学科的基础。以that引导的宾语从句很少用作介词的宾语，只有在except, in, but, besides, save等介词后才可使用。Your thesis is quite all rig

16、ht except that the organization is a bit too loose.你的论文挺不错的，只是结构上有些松散。I like the city, but I like the country better in that I have more friends in the country.我喜欢城市，但更喜欢乡下，因为我在乡下有更多的朋友。Liquids are like solids they have a definite volume.（CET-4，1995年6月）A）with that B）for thatC）in that D）at that该句中in

17、that可以看成是连词引出一个原因，意为“因为，由于”。此外，that还可和其他介词构成搭配，如except that（要不是，但是），but that（而不是）等等。液体之所以像固体一样是因为液体有一定的体积。五、强调句型结构中的从句that或who用在强调句型It isthat或It iswho中可以对句子的主语、宾语、状语进行强调。It was not until the accident happened that I became aware of my own foolishness. 直到事发生了我才意识到了我的愚蠢。It is its structure that gives

18、leather its permeability to air and water vapor. 正是皮革的结构才使得皮革对空气和水蒸汽具有渗透性。When I try to understand that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.（CET-6，1998年1月）A）why it does B）what it doesC）what it is D）why it is本题属于It isthat的强调结构，强

19、调了prevents的主语部分，由what代替。当我试图搞清是什么使得美国人不像人们想象的那样幸福时，我觉得似乎有两个原因。 she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist.（CET-4，1990年1月）A）That was from Stephen B）It was Stephen whomC）It was from Stephen that D）It was Stephen that本句是用It wasthat这种强调句型强调句中作状语的短语 from Stephen。她是从斯蒂芬那儿第一次听说被称为专家的那个人。第二节 定语从

20、句用作定语的从句叫做定语从句（Attributive Clause）。定语从句是一个主谓结构，起形容词作用，在主句中修饰或限定前面的先行词（通常是名词或代词，有时也可以是整个主句）。引导定语从句的关系代词有that，which，who，whom，but，as等，关系副词有when，where，why，how等。定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。一、由关系代词引导的定语从句（1）用作关联词的关系代词有who，whom，whose，that，which等等。who，whom，whose指人，who是主格，在从句中用作主语；whom是宾格，在从句中用作宾语；whose是属格，在从句中用作

21、定语（有时也可指物）。The man who was here yesterday is a painter. 昨天在这里的那个人是画家。A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan. 失去父母的孩子叫做孤儿。例3：I know the man whom you mean. 我认识你指的那个人。The residents, had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.（CET-4，1993年6月）A）all their homes B）all whose

22、homesC）all of whose homes D）all of their homes本题两个逗号之间显然是一个定语从句，修饰the residents。选项 B和C中都有关系代词whose，可以起连接作用。但是我们可以说all of whose homes，而不能说all whose homes。那些房屋全部被洪水毁坏的居民得到了红十字会的救济。We need a chairman .（CET-4，1998年6月）A）for whom everyone has confidence B）in whom everyone has confidenceC）who everyone has

23、confidence of D）whom everyone has confidence on在该句中的定语从句里，关系代词whom在从句中作介词in的宾语，have confidence in是一固定短语，表示“对有信心”。我们需要一位每个人都信任的主席。（2）as除了作介词和连词外，也可用作关系代词来引导定语从句。as引导非限定性定语从句时可放在句首或句中，代替整句话的含义。as引导限定性定语从句，一般出现在“such+名词+as”结构或“the same+名词+as”结构之中。as在从句中可以用作主语、宾语或表语。He was a foreigner, as I knew from hi

24、s accent.他是个外国人，我是从他的口音知道的。He has made such mistakes as cannot be forgiven.他犯了那样一些不能原谅的错误。 might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed.（CET-4，1996年6月）A）As B）That C）It D）What本题中的as作关系代词引导定语从句，代指后面整个句子的含义，并且在从句中充当主语。正如预计的那样，对于这个问题的答案是很混乱的。The British are not so familiar with differe

25、nt cultures and other ways of doing things, is often the case in other countries.（CET-4，1998年6月）A）as B）what C）so D）thatas作为关系代词引导非限定性定语从句，可置于主句之前，也可放在主句之后，代表整个句子的意思。英国人对不同的文化和其他行为方式不太了解，别的国家的人也是常常如此。It wasnt such a good dinner she had promised us.（CET-4，1990年1月）A）that B）which C）as D）what动词promise要求接

26、双宾语，即“答应某人什么”。因此空缺处应填入一个作直接宾语的关系代词，与such连用的关系代词是as，引出的是定语从句，表示前面已经提到过的那类事物。当主句中有such时，也可以用that引导从句，但这时的that是连接词，而不是关系代词，它引出的是表示结果的状语从句。如：She made such a good meal that we all ate far too much.她做的饭菜极为可口，我们都吃得太饱了。这顿饭不像她答应我们的那样可口。（3）but用作关系代词，引导定语从句时，具有否定的含义，相当于who not, that not。在这种情况下，主句中常含有否定词或否定意义的词

27、。There is not a man but was moved to tears. 没有一个人不被感动得流下眼泪来。There are few books but have a misprint or two. 很少有不存在一两处印刷错误的书。There is no rule has exceptions.A）which B）that C）but D）unlessbut作关系代词引导定语从句时，具有否定的含义。在该句中，but相当于that not,所以该句的意思表示There is no rule that hasnt exceptions。任何一条规则都有例外。（4）多用关系代词tha

28、t的情况。当all，any，anything，everything，a few，the only one，the one等作定语从句的先行词时，一般用that而不用which引导，that作宾语时常被省略。All that glitters is not gold.闪光的未必都是金子。He knew everything that happened in the village.他知道发生在村里的每一件事。All is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.（CET-4，1990年1月）A）what is needed B）the thing needed C）for our needs D）that is neededall在句中作主语，常常后接that引导的定语从句，表示“（全部）只是”。all that可相当于what。（全部）所需要的只是持续不断地供应基本的生活必要品。We finished up everything there was on the table.A）what B）which C）that D）al