M6柯林斯词典U5文档格式.docx

1、In this paper, advances in volcanology are reviewed from the following aspects: volcanic geology and dynamics, statistical study, volcanic hazard and volcanic impact on global climate.从火山学和火山动力学、统计研究、火山灾害以及火山活动对全球气候变化的影响回顾了近年火山学研究的主要进展。5. volcanologist ,vlknldistn. 火山学家The fineness of the ash in thi

2、s case is unusual, says Thorvaldur Thordarson, an Icelandic volcanologist.冰岛的火山学家托瓦杜托达森表示，这次岛山冰川产生的火山灰的细腻程度是十分不寻常的。The region may be primed for future eruptions, the lead author, John Pallister, a volcanologist at the US Geological Survey Cascades Volcano Observatory, in Vancouver, Washington, told

3、Nature.“该地区未来可能发生火山爆发，”论文的第一作者、美国地质调查局Cascades火山观测站的火山学家John Pallister告诉自然杂志。6. erupt /rpt/ （ erupts, erupting, erupted，to erupt ）1. V-I When a volcano erupts, it throws out a lot of hot, melted rock called lava, as well as ash and steam. 喷发The volcano erupted in 1980, devastating a large area of Wa

4、shington state.这座火山1980年喷发，摧毁了华盛顿州的大片地区。eruption N-VAR喷发.the volcanic eruption of Tambora in 1815.1815年坦布拉火山的喷发。2. V-I If violence or fighting erupts, it suddenly begins or gets worse in an unexpected, violent way. 爆发JOURNALISMHeavy fighting erupted there today after a two-day cease-fire.激烈的战斗在两天的停火

5、之后今天在那里爆发了。eruption N-COUNT爆发.this sudden eruption of violence.这起暴力事件的突然爆发。3. V-I When people in a place suddenly become angry or violent, you can say that they erupt or that the place erupts. 爆发骚乱JOURNALISMIn Los Angeles, the neighborhood known as Watts erupted into riots.在洛杉矶，一个叫做沃茨的街区爆发了骚乱。4. V-I

6、 You say that someone erupts when they suddenly have a change in mood, usually becoming quite noisy. 爆发 （某种情绪）Then, without warning, she erupts into laughter.然后，突如其来地，她爆发出笑声。eruption N-COUNT（某种情绪的） 爆发.an eruption of despair.一阵突然的绝望。7. eruption N-COUNT爆发；（某种情绪的） 爆发；N-VAR喷发；8. ash / （ ashes ）1. N-UNCO

7、UNT Ash is the gray or black powdery substance that is left after something is burned. You can also refer to this substance as ashes. 灰 also N in plA cloud of volcanic ash is spreading across wide areas of the Philippines.一大片火山灰正在扩散到菲律宾的大片区域。He brushed the cigarette ash from his sleeve.他掸掉了袖子上的烟灰。2.

8、 N-PLURAL A dead persons ashes are their remains after their body has been cremated. 骨灰And she asks him to go back there after her death and scatter her ashes on the lake.她还要求他在她死后回到那里并把她的骨灰撒在那个湖上。9. crater /kretr/ （ craters ）N-COUNT A crater is a very large hole in the ground, which has been caused

9、 by something hitting it or by an explosion. （撞击或爆炸形成的） 大坑The explosion, believed to be a car bomb, left a ten-foot crater in the street.这次爆炸，据说是一个汽车炸弹引起的，在街道上留下了一个10英尺的大坑。10. lava /lv, lv/ （ lavas ）N-MASS Lava is the very hot liquid rock that comes out of a volcano. 熔岩Mexicos Mount Colima began spe

10、wing lava and ash last night.墨西哥科利马山昨晚开始喷发熔岩和火山灰。11. hurricane /hrken, hr-/ （ hurricanes ）N-COUNT A hurricane is an extremely violent storm that begins over ocean water. 飓风If an earthquake, hurricane, winter storm, or other disaster strikes your community, you might not have access to food , water,

11、and electricity for days or even weeks.如果有地震、飓风、暴风雪或其他的灾害突袭你的家园，你可能会好几天甚至好几个星期都得不到食物、水和电。12. questionnaire /kwstnr/ （ questionnaires ）N-COUNT A questionnaire is a written list of questions which are answered by a lot of people in order to provide information for a report or a survey. 调查问卷Teachers wi

12、ll be asked to fill in a questionnaire.教师们将被要求填写一份调查问卷。13. alongside /lsad/1. PREP If one thing is alongside another thing, the first thing is next to the second. 在旁边He crossed the street and walked alongside Central Park.他过了马路，然后在中央公园旁边走着。ADV Alongside is also an adverb. 在旁边 ADV after vHe waited se

13、veral minutes for a car to pull up alongside.他等了几分钟等一辆车停靠在旁边。2. PREP If you work alongside other people, you all work together in the same place. 与并肩 （工作）He had worked alongside Frank and Mark and they had become friends.他曾与弗兰克和马克并肩工作过，他们已经成为朋友了。14. equipment /kwpmnt/N-UNCOUNT Equipment consists of

14、the things that are used for a particular purpose, such as a hobby or job. 设备; 装备puters, electronic equipment and machine tools.电脑、电子设备和机床。15. appoint /pnt/ （ appoints, appointing, appointed，to appoint ）1. V-T If you appoint someone to a job or official position, you formally choose them for it. 任命I

15、t made sense to appoint a banker to this job.任命一位银行家做这项工作是合理的。The president has appointed a civilian as defense secretary.总统任命了一位平民做国防部长。appointed /pntd/ADJ If something happens at the appointed time, it happens at the time that was decided in advance. 指定的FORMALThe appointed hour of the ceremony was

16、 drawing nearer.该仪式的指定时间正在临近。16. observatory /bzrvtri/ （ observatories ）N-COUNT An observatory is a building with a large telescope from which scientists study things such as the planets by watching them. 天文台Surveys churn out terabytes of data to be crunched by armies of postdocs and students who mi

17、ght never have visited a mountain-top observatory.调查和分析数以亿兆的数据，由一批批的可能没有去过山顶上的天文台的研究人员和学生来处理。17. database /detbes, dt-/ also data base （ databases ）N-COUNT A database is a collection of data that is stored in a computer and that can easily be used and added to. 数据库The state maintains a database of n

18、ames of people allowed to vote.该州有一个可以投票的人的姓名数据库。18. Mount Kilauea基拉韦厄火山Welcome to Mount Kilauea, the worlds most active volcano. It is on the island of Hawaii.欢迎你来到基拉韦厄火山，这是世界上最活跃的火山，它位于夏威夷岛。s most active volcano. It is on the island of Hawaii. Kilauea is not far from Mauna Loa, the largest volcano

19、 in the world.欢迎来到世界上最为活跃的基拉韦厄火山，它地处夏威夷岛，与世界上最大的莫纳罗亚火山隔山相望。19. evaluate vljet 过去式evaluated 过去分词evaluated 现在分词evaluating vt. 评价；估价；求的值vi. 评价；估价Dont evaluate people by their clothes. （此处可用Judge not from overall appearance.）不要根据衣着来评价人。How would your colleagues evaluate you?你的同事会如何评价你呢？20. burn to the g

20、round全部焚毁Kratos: They built this temple to offer prayers to Athena! This entire village stands as an affront to lord Ares! Burn this village, burn it to the ground!奎托斯：他们建造这座神庙是为了向雅典娜祈祷！这座村庄的存在就是一种对于阿瑞斯的侮辱！烧毁这村庄，把它夷为平地！21. wave /wev/ （ waves, waving, waved, to wave ）1. V-T/V-I If you wave or wave yo

21、ur hand, you move your hand from side to side in the air, usually in order to say hello or goodbye to someone. 挥 （手以示意）Jessica caught sight of Lois and waved to her.杰茜卡看到洛伊丝，向她挥了挥手。He grinned, waved, and said, Hi!他咧嘴笑笑，挥挥手，说道：“嗨！”N-COUNT Wave is also a noun. 挥 （手）Steve stopped him with a wave of the

22、 hand.史蒂夫把手一挥，制止了他。2. V-T If you wave someone away or wave them on, you make a movement with your hand to indicate that they should move in a particular direction. 挥手 （示意某人离开、前进等）Leshka waved him away with a show of irritation.廖什卡生气地挥手示意他离开。He waited for a policeman to stop the traffic and wave the

23、people on.他等着一位警察来让车辆停下，挥手让众人前行。3. V-T If you wave something, you hold it up and move it rapidly from side to side. 挥舞Hospital staff were outside to welcome him, waving flags and applauding.医院工作人员在院外迎接他，一边挥舞旗帜一边鼓掌。4. V-I If something waves, it moves gently from side to side or up and down. 飘扬; 摆动.gr

24、ass and flowers waving in the wind.随风摆动的花草。5. N-COUNT A wave is a raised mass of water on the surface of water, especially the sea, which is caused by the wind or by tides making the surface of the water rise and fall. 波浪; （尤指） 海浪.the sound of the waves breaking on the shore.波浪拍打海岸的声响。6. N-COUNT If

25、someones hair has waves, it curves slightly instead of being straight. （头发的） 波浪卷; 鬈曲Her blue eyes shone and caught the light, and so did the platinum waves in her hair.她蓝色的眼睛闪闪发光，白金色的波浪发卷也闪闪发光。7. N-COUNT A wave is a sudden increase in heat or energy that spreads out from an earthquake or explosion.

26、（地震、爆炸的） 冲击波The shock waves of the earthquake were felt in Teheran.在德黑兰感觉到了地震的震波。8. N-COUNT Waves are the form in which things such as sound, light, and radio signals travel. （光、声、无线电等的） 波Regular repeating actions such as sound waves, light waves, or radio waves have a certain frequency, or number o

27、f waves per second.有规律的重复活动如声波、光波、无线电波都有一个特定的频率，或者说是每秒的波动次数。9. N-COUNT If you refer to a wave of a particular feeling, you mean that it increases quickly and becomes very intense, and then often decreases again. （情绪的） 波动She felt a wave of panic, but forced herself to leave the room calmly.她感到一阵惊慌，但是

28、强迫自己镇静地离开了房间。new wave （ new waves ）N-COUNTIn the arts or in politics, a new wave is a group or movement that deliberately introduces new or unconventional ideas instead of using traditional ones. 新浪潮.the new wave of satirical comedy.讽刺喜剧的新浪潮。tidal wave （ tidal waves ）N-COUNT A tidal wave is a very l

29、arge wave, often caused by an earthquake, that flows onto the land and destroys things. （常指地震引起的） 潮波.a massive tidal wave swept the ship up and away.一股巨大的潮波把那只船掀起来，卷走了。22. molten /moltn/ADJ Molten rock, metal, or glass has been heated to a very high temperature and has become a hot, thick liquid. 熔化的The molten metal is poured into the mold.这块熔化了的金属被倒入模子。23. fountain /fantn/ （ fountains ）1