lesson7plot情节Word格式文档下载.docx

1、The king dies, and then the queen died of grief, is a plot. The time-sequence is preserved, but the sense of causality overshadows it.译文让我们给情节 下一个定义，我们已经把故事定义为按时间叙事。情节也是叙事，只是重点放在因果关系上。“国王死了后来王后死了”，是故事。“国王死了，而王后因悲痛国王而死”，是情节。时间顺序没有变，但因果关系使它显得不重要了。没有变，译成被保存不好。显得不重要，译成在阴影下不好。suspendv.pause, hesitate, in

2、terrupt, delay, hold up, discontinue, break, wait, mark time, intermit, falter, rest:He suspend for a moment to allow late-comers to take their seats.Or again; The queen died, no one knew why, until it was discovered that it was through grief at the death of the king. This isa plot with a mysteryin

3、it, a form capable of high development. It suspends the time sequence, it moves as far away from the story as its limitations will allow. Consider the death of the queen. If it is ina storywe say and then? If it is ina plotwe ask why? That is thefundamental difference between these twoaspects of the

4、 novel.或者说，“王后死了，没人知道为什么。直到最后人们才发现，是死于对国王驾崩的哀痛。”这是一个富有神秘色彩的情节，是一个能够向纵深发展的形式。它暂时不考虑时间顺序，把它悬了起来。它在故事允许的范围内，远离了故事情节。看看王后的死。如果是故事，我们说，“后来呢？”如果是情节，我们问，“为什么？”这是小说的两个方面的根本区别。gapingDeep and wide open:a gaping wound; a gaping hole.cave山洞 A hollow or natural passage under or into the earth with an opening to

5、the surface.Sultan苏丹 A ruler of a Moslem country, especially of the former Ottoman Empire.A plot cannot be told to a gaping audience ofcave menor to a tyrannicalsultanor to their modern descendant themovie-public. Theycan onlybe kept awake by and then and then. they can onlysupply curiosity. Buta pl

6、ot demands intelligence and memoryalso.情节不能对那些只知道傻呆呆咧大嘴的原始穴居人讲，也不能给专制的君主苏丹讲，还不能讲给他们的后代，即那些现代影迷们听。因为这些人只知道问，“后来呢，后来呢？”否则他们就会打瞌睡。他们只有好奇心。然而，读情节需要理解力和记忆力。傻呆呆原始穴居人否则他们就会打瞌睡Analysis of the textStory is narrative of events in their time-sequence. It asks “and then?” For example: the king died, and then th

7、e queen died.Plot is narrative of events with emphasis on causality. It has a mystery in it. It asks “why?” For example, the queen died, nobody knows why.”Cave men, sultan and modern movie public who can only supply curiosity cannot understand the plot because a plot demands intelligence and memory.

8、sag耷拉 To sink, droop, or settle from pressure or weight.bulge突出 To stick out; protrude2Curiosityis one of thelowestof the humanfaculties. You will have noticed in daily life that when people are inquisitive they nearly always havebad memoriesand are usuallystupid at bottom. The man who begins by ask

9、ing you how many brothers and sisters you have, isneverasympatheticcharacter, and if you meet him in a years time he will probably ask you how many brothers and sisters you have, his mouth again sagging open, his eyes still bulging from his head.好奇心是人类最低的一种能力。你会注意到在日常生活中，那些好奇的人，通常记忆力都很坏。他们蠢到了底。张口就问你

10、有几个兄弟姐妹的人，永远不是富有同情心的人。如果你一年以后再碰到他，他还是会问你，你有几个兄弟姐妹。他问你的时候,还是（象一年前一样）嘴张得大大的，眼睛鼓得圆圆的。It isdifficult tobe friendswith such a man, and for two inquisitive people to be friends must be impossible. Curiosity by itselftakes us a very little way, nor does it take us farinto the novel only as far as the story

11、. If we wouldgrasp the plotwemust add intelligence and memory.和这样的人交朋友是很困难的。两个好奇的人几乎根本不能成为朋友。好奇只能使人对事物有肤浅的了解，对小说的理解也深不了，只是听听故事而已。如果我们想抓住情节，我们就要有理解力和记忆力。prcisCuriosity is the lowest human faculty. It takes us little way, not far into the novel. Inquisitive people have bad memory, and are stupid and n

12、ot sympathetic, not sociable.3Intelligence first. The intelligentnovel-reader, unlike the inquisitive one who just runs his eye over a newfact, mentallypicksitup. He sees it from two points of view;isolated, and relatedtothe otherfactsthat he has readon previous pages. Probably he does not understan

13、d it, but he does not expect to so yet awhile. The facts in a highly organized novel （like The Egoist） are often of the nature of cross-correspondences and the ideal spectatorcannot expect to view themproperlyuntilhe is sitting up on a hillat the end.先说理解力。聪明的读者,不象好奇的人，他不只是扫一眼新的事实，而是记住它。他从二方面看它。一方面，

14、它是孤立的；另一方面,它又和从前几页看到的事实有联系。现在他可能还不理解它，而且也不企图马上就会理解它。在一个组织得很好的小说（如自私自利的人）中，事实多半是相互交叉的。理想的读者不期望在最后达到高潮前理解它。crudely, Lacking tact, refinement, or taste.subtle,adj.sensitive, finely tuned, delicate, responsive, acute, reactive, receptivesubtlyadv.dawn,1.To begin to become light in the morning.To begin t

15、o appear or develop; emerge.3.To begin to be perceived or understood: Realization of the danger soon dawned on us.appreciate,To recognize the quality, significance, or magnitude of:appreciated their freedom.To be fully aware of or sensitive to; realize:I appreciate your problems.To be thankful or sh

16、ow gratitude forbrood,To sit on or hatch eggs.To hover envelopingly; loom.3. a.To be deep in thought; meditate.b.To focus the attention on a subject persistently and moodily; worry:This element of surprise or mystery the detective element as it is sometimes rather emptily calledis of great importanc

17、e in a plot. It occurs through a suspension of the time-sequence; a mystery is a pocket in time, and it occurs crudely, as in Why did the queen die? and more subtly in half-explained gestures and words, the true meaning of which only dawns pages ahead.Mysteryis essential to a plot, andcannot be appr

18、eciated without intelligence. To the curious it is just another and then toappreciate a mystery, a part of the mind must be left behind, brooding, while the other part goes marching on.这种惊奇和神秘的成分有时人们干脆空洞地叫它“侦探成分”对情节应是十分重要的。它打断故事发展的思路。谜是时间上的一个口袋、一个包袱（相声上叫甩包袱）。它出现得很唐突，就象“为什么王妃死了？”而在那有意安排，不讲明的动作和话语中，真正

19、的意思在前几页就已经提到了。神秘对情节是必须的。没有理解力就不能鉴赏它。对好奇的人，只能是“后来呢”。而鉴赏神秘，一定要留一部分脑力来思索，而让其他部分继续往下看事实。The intelligent novel-reader picks isolated facts, and relates them to the facts on the previous pages. Because the element of surprise is of great importance in a plot, he doesnt expect to understand it until at the

20、 end. To understand mystery, one needs intelligence and part of his mind must be left behind to search for relation while others march on to get new clues.4 That brings us to our second qualification: memory.5 Memory and intelligence are closely connected, forunless we remember we cannot understand.

21、for exampleIf by the time the queen dies we have forgotten the existence of the king we shall never make out what killed her.The plot-maker expects us to remember, we expect him to leave no loose ends. Everyaction or wordought to count; it ought to be economical and spare; even when complicated itsh

22、ould be organic and free from dead matter.这就把我们带到第二个条件上了：记忆力记忆力和理解力密切相关。因为记不住，就懂不了。如果到王妃死时，我们忘记还有过国王的事，我们就永远不知道她是为什么死的。编情节的人希望我们能够记住。我们希望他把他讲的都能用上，不要留着断了的线头。情节应该简洁而留有余地。即使复杂，也必须是有机地联系着。不应该生拉硬扯。unfold, develop 展开aesthetically美学上compact, 紧凑short, shortened, brief, concise, compressed, compendious, com

23、pact, pocket, （Am.） vest-pocket; abbreviated, abridged, cutIt may be difficult or easy, it may and should contain mysteries, but it ought not to mislead. And over it,as it unfolds, will hover the memory倒装句，这是主语of the reader（that dull glow of the mind of which intelligence is the bright advancing edg

24、e） and will constantly rearrange and reconsider, seeing new clues, new chains of cause and effect, andthe final sense（if the plot has been a fine one）willnotbe ofclues or chains, but ofsomething aestheticallycompact, somethingwhich might have been shown注意虚拟语态by the noveliststraight away, only if he

25、had shown it straight away it would never have become beautiful.它可以曲折, 也可以平淡。它可以也应该有神秘的色彩。但它不应该误导读者。当它展开的时候,记忆力应该围绕它转（在心灵的炭火中，理解力是闪亮的前进的动力）。记忆力要不停顿地重新组织、重新考虑，找新线索，找新的因果关系。最后的感觉（如果情节是好的话）,不应再是线索和一个个孤立的环节，而应是一种巧妙紧凑之美、是一种完全可以被小说家直接了当讲出来的、但是又不能直言的美。因为他要是讲破了,它就不成其为美了。（小说家不应该一味追求美，但是如果他没有把美表露出来，他却又失败了。）co

26、me up againstinquiry:properBotticelli Sandro .OriginallyAlessandro di Mariano dei Filipepi.1444?-1510 Italian painter of the Florentine school whose flowing draftsmanship is evident in his masterpieces,Primavera（c. 1477） andBirth of Venus（c. 1485）.dueprima donnan.The leading woman soloist in an oper

27、a company.2.A temperamental, conceited person.We come up againstbeautyhere for the first time in our inquiry:at which a novelist should never aim, though he fails if he does not achieveit. I will conduct toherproper place later on. Meanwhile please acceptas part of a completed plot.Shelooks a little

28、 surprised at being there, butought to look a little surprised: it is the emotion that best suitsface, asBotticelliknew when he paintedrisen from the waves, between the winds and the flowers. Thewho does not looksurprised, who acceptsposition as her due shereminds us too much of a prima donna.（From Aspects of the Novel）在我