1、until(till)oncethemoment,minute,immediately,directly,each/everytime,firstlastnextbywhenever等。例如:Every/EachtimeIwastrouble,hewouldcometomyhelp.thoughtherniceandhonestmether.注意:(1)when,as的区别:1)when引导从句时,主从句的动作有先有后,也可以同时进行,从句的动作可以是持续性的,也可以是短暂的。如:Whengotairport,planehadalreadytakenoff.(主先从后)(短暂性)livedth
2、ere,usedgoseasideonSundays.(同时)(持续性)movieended,peoplewentback.(从先主后)2)while侧重主从句动作的对比,且从句的动词必须是持续性的。Whilewewerechattingshelookingattablewall3)as引导从句时侧重主从句动作同时或几乎同时进行,从句的动作可以是持续性的,也可以是短暂的。SometimeswatchTVamhavingbreakfast4)when和while还可以是并列连词,意思分别是“就在这时”,“然而”。arestsofawhentelephonerangTheysurprisedchi
3、ldshouldworkoutproblemwhiletheycouldnt.注:并列连词when常用与以下句型中:was/weredoingwhen(正在做突然)was/wereaboutdowhen(刚要做突然)was/werepointofdoingwhen(刚要做突然)hadjustdonewhen.(刚一就)Hardly/Scarcelyhaddonewhen(刚一就)(2)before引导从句时,词义非常灵活,注意下列句子中的before的词义:1.Beforecouldgetword,tailormeasuredme.(还没来得及就)2.Wehadntrunmilebeforef
4、elttired.(还没就)3.Wesailed4dayssawland.(才)4.Pleasewriteitdownyouforgetit.(趁还没就)(3)till(until)和nottill1)till(until):主句谓语动词必须是持续性的,意思是“到为止“如:Heremainedtheretill/untilarrived.2)nottill(until):主句谓语动词必须是短暂性的,意思是“直到才”如:Shewontbedreturnshome.3)notuntil还有强调式和倒装式:强调句:Itisnothomewillbed.倒装句:Not(4)几个极易混淆的时间状语从句:
5、+时间点+when(当的时候时间是)5arrivedvillage.was/willbe+时间段+before(没过就过了才)betwoweeksmet/meetagain./hasbeen+时间段+since(自从以来有)is/has3yearssincemet.突破点:一看be动词的时态,二看时间段还是时间点。在“It+时间段+since”句型中,从句的动词必须是短暂性的,如果是延续性的动词,时间要从从句的动作结束时算起。smoked.(我戒烟有三年了)补充:instantly,instant,nosoonerthan,hardly/scarcely.when.和once这些从属连接词引导
6、的从句都表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即就发生,常译为“一就”。从句中一般时态代替将来时态。everyeachanyalltime等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句,表示“每当.,每次.;下次”等。quiet_thosebigtrucksstartedcomingthroughtown.A.B.afterC.D.unlessseemedonlysecondsboyfinishedwashinghisface.ifHardlyreachedschoolgatebellrang.4.Wetoldfollowmainroad_centralrailwaystation.wheneverwhereve
7、rrecognizedairport.momentdoorbell7._Ilistenyouradvice,intotrouble.EveryUntilJohnwatchingTV,wifecooking.Till9.Thechildrenranawayfromorchard(果园)_guard.10.Nosoonerbeganrain.than11.Severalgonerealizedpaintingmissing.12._resultexperiment.be;knowis;13.Whatpartylike?-Wonderful.Itsenjoyedmyselfsomuch.14.new
8、secretarysupposedreportmanagershe_.arrivearrivesgoingarriving15.roomhardlyhad;thenhe;not;16.talksurroundedworkers.17.DidremembergiveMarymoneyowedher?-Yes,gavesuddenly18.for19.havelearnedEnglisheightuniversityyear.graduategraduatedgraduates20.28thOlympicGamesopen,wholeworldcheered.declared答案:CBBBADAC
9、ADBCDBBCBCCD条件状语从句引导词:if(如果),unless(除非),case(以防)时态:主将从现(可能会发生的事情)主现从现(肯定会发生/祈使句)1.if引导的条件状语从句,可位于前面或后面,但是如果放在后面,主从句用逗号隔开。引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if,常见的if条件状语从句表示在某条件下,某事很可能发生,条件是可能存在的,主句中某种情况发生的概率也是很高的。Ifaskhim,hehelpyou如果你请他帮忙,他会帮你的。failexam,youlethimdown如果你考试不及格,你会让他失望的。homework,canhome如果你作业做完了就可以回家了。另外,if
10、从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设。从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时,表示对现在或过去的一种假设。you,Iinviteparty如果我是你,我会邀请他参加聚会。muchearliercaughttraffic要不是交通堵塞,我本会来得早一些。另外你还要注意if条件句的时态搭配1if从句用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时runshelltime.如果他用跑的,他就会及时赶到那儿。catscratchpulltail.如果你拉猫的尾巴,它就会抓你。2if从句用一般现在时,主句用may/might/canfoggetsthickermay/mightdiverte
11、d.如果雾在大一些,飞机可能就会改在别的机场降落。stopssnowingout.如果雪停了,我们就可以出去。3if从句用一般现在时,主句用must/shouldwantloseweightmust/shouldeatlessbread.如果你想减肥,你必须少吃面包。4if从句用一般现在时,主句用一般现在时heaticeturnswater.(也可用willturn)如果把冰加热,它就会化成水。5if从句用现在进行时,主句用一般将来时arePeteryoullfindupstairs.如果你是在找彼得,上楼就会找到他。6if从句用现在完成时,主句用一般将来时dinnerIllwaiterbil
12、l.如果你吃完了,我就叫服务生来算账注意:学习引导的条件状语从句的用法,现在总结一下:条件句不一般,几个要点记心间;条件句,放在前,逗号要放句中间。条件句表可能,主句多用将来时;条件句表事实,主句常用现在时。在引导的条件状语从句中,如果从句谈论的是一个有可能发生的事实及其产生的相关的结果,主句用一般将来时态,从句用一般现在时态。Wewalkcantbusrainstomorrow,wezoo.Whatdopandadanger.如果条件句谈论的是重复发生和预示要发生的情景和事件,则主从句大多用一般现在时态。bearsdanger,theyattackpeople.引导的条件状语从句中,if和条
13、件句位置灵活,可直接放在主句后面,若条件句放句首,从句后面要加逗号,和主句隔开。还要注意前后时态一致原则条件状语从句的时态练习一在正确的答案下划一条线。1.Daina(go/go/goes)Europe(willpass/pass/passes)examsteach/teach/teaches)poorvillageMinistryEducationagree/agree/agrees)soon.be/are/is)caraccident,call/call/calls)110once.(wont/dont/doesnt/isnt)rainy,take/take/takes)outside.U
14、FOland/land/lands)frontme,lookalien.have/have/has)money,bulid/build/builds)sciencelab.7.Dontwaitme(am/be)late.8.They(wont/dont)beachrain/rain/rains).call/call)stay/stay/stays)MrSmithlet/let/lets)need/needs)(Will/Do/Does)visitmuseum(wontdont/doesnt)tired?(will/do/does)livemiss/misses)bus?二、用所给词的适当形式填
15、空1.If_(feel)tired,_(have)rest._(see)film_(have)time?_(be)fewertrees,_(morepollution._(dress)casually_(work)weekends.Marcia_(live)alone,_(keep)petparrot.Lanabuy)dressoldone_(be)style.7.Thetwins_(fight)they_(argue)._(have)bakesale_(need)education._(send)beautifulsouvenir_(tour)Spain.Green_(say)hard-working,parents_(feel)glad.11.I_(go)it_rain)thiswee_they_(have)matchP.E.teacher_(be)busy?13.He_(write)lettergrandparents_(get)cardweek._(get)uplate,_catch)ear
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