动词不定式主动形式表达被动含义的用法例举Word格式文档下载.docx

1、（ “I”是 ”to get along with” 的逻辑主语）He makes his lesson easy to understand.他的课让人容易理解。 （“he”不是 “to understand” 的逻辑主语）3动词不定式前加疑问代词构成“疑问代词 + to do”结构。这个结构中尽管动词不定式与疑问代词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，却用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。I dont know what measures to take to solve the problems.The question is what to do next.4不定式作定语修饰名词作give , ha

2、ve, get,buy , lend, want等动词的宾语，。且句子主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式用主动式，但和宾语有被动关。系。I have a lot of work to do tonight.Please give me something to eat, Im hungry.5形容词pleasant, nice, easy, simple, light, hard, difficult, heavy, interesting, fit, dangerous，safe, comfortable, impossible, cheap, important等后接动词不定式的主动形式表示

3、被动含义。Its difficult for people to cross the river.The small town is difficult to find on the map.The maths problem are too difficult to work out. 6在“This / That is + 名词+ to do ”结构中，如果不定式和名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，则用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。This is a hard question to answer.That is a nice place to visit.7be + to do下列动词仍用不定

4、式的主动形式表示被动含义。如：Who is to blame for starting the fire?The house is to lent.A lot remains to do.lesson 17 动词不定式（二） 第二节 动词不定式的用法 一、 不定式结构作主语 1. 不定式前置 1） Derive A mineral resources from B sedimentary rock C is a D major modern industrial activity. 2） in the matriculation for postgraduate in a short time

5、 is realy a hard nut. A To make high scoresB To make low goalC To the high scoresD Make the low goals 2. 上述形式一般情况不多见，作为考试的规范英语，如果不定式较长，显得头重脚轻，则可由代词“it”作形式主语（形式主语“it”不能由“that”或“this”等其他代词代替），而将不定式放到后面 It is really a hard nut to get high scores in the matriculation for postgraduate in a short time. 3）

6、 John admitted that its always difficult . A for him being on timeB being on time for him C for him to be on timeD on time for him 4） It is difficult for me A to be concentrating B while someone C is using D a vacuum cleaner. 3. 不定式后置的情况不仅限于动词是系动词，也适用于其他动词 It took us a great deal of efforts to finis

7、h that task. It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago. 4. 不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的，即不定式的逻辑主语，通常可以在特定的上下文中能看出，也可以通过带“for 名词短语”辨出 It is quite important for us to read good books during the period of general review（总复习）。 It is not difficult

8、 for those who study maths well to pass the exam. 5. 在某些形容词（如careless，clever，considerate， foolish， good， impolite， kind， naughty， nice， silly， stupid等）作表语时，不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语 It is very kind of you to help me./It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing. 间或也可用for there to be 表示（而且there后面的不定式只能是to b

9、e）。 Its a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company. 二、 不定式作宾语 不定式作宾语有两种：一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式；另一种是“动词疑问词带to的不定式” 1. 动词带to的不定式结构 只能跟动词不定式的动词，常见的有：afford， agree， aim， appear， arrange， ask， believe， care， claim， decide， decline（拒绝）， demand， desire， determine， endeavor， expect， fail， hesitate

10、， hope， intend， learn， long， manage， mean（想要）， offer（表示愿意做）， pretend， promise， refuse， seek（试图）， swear， undertake， wish（想要）等。 5） We refuse that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults（银行保管库） of this nation. A to believe B to be belivedC beliving D have belived6） The green turtle has been kn

11、own over 2，000 miles to return to a nesting site. A in the navigating B the navigation C to navigate D navigation 7） For the A first time Venusian scientists managed landing B a satellite on the planet Earth， and it has been sending C back signals as well as D photographs ever since. 8） The day is p

12、ast when Chinese universities and colleges to give high school diplomas to all who sit through four years of instruction， regardless of whether any visible results can be discerned. A affordedB affordingC to afford D can afford从上例我们可以看出afford一般与can和cant或could和couldnt连用。 2. 动词疑问代（副）词不定式 这类动词常见的有：advi

13、se，decide， discuss， find out， forget， inquire， know， learn， regard， remember， see， settle， teach， tell， think（=consider）， understand， wonder等。这些疑问代（副）词有what， when， where， which， how， whether等，但不包括why，如： He does not know how to go there when to speak before strangers. who（m） to visit. which one to ch

14、oose. You can decide whether to go forward or stay here. when to see a doctor. I will show you what to do. where to go. how to deal with it. 其中，1）和2）中不定式的逻辑主语仍是句子的主语，分别为He和You；而3）中不定式的逻辑主语则不是句子的主语I，而是宾语you. 9） The director of this organization must know . A to manage money， sell his product and beab

15、le to satisfy stockholders B managing money， selling， and be able to satisfy the stockholders C how to manage money， sell his product， and satisfy the stockholders D money management， selling and being able to satisfy the stockholders 10） To tell you the truth， I really dont know how deal with a man

16、 like him. A can IB wellC toD much 3. 有时，不定式跟作主语时一样，可由it来代替，而把不定式放到后面去 He makes it a rule to take a walk before breakfast. I think it interesting to play football while it is snowing hard. We find it difficult to get everything ready before the time you require. She cosiders it important to make fri

17、ends with them. I dont think it necessary to argue with them on this problem. 4. 有时THERE和TO BE连用表示“有”或“存在（某情况）”等 It is impossible for there to be any more. Would you like there to be a meeting to discuss the problem？ I expect there to be no argument about this？ 有时在个别的介词后可用“疑问词不定式结构”作其宾语 He has his o

18、wn decision of how to do it. 三、 不定式作表语 1. 一种情况为主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果） To see is to believe/ To work means to earn a living. 2. 另一种情况主语是以aim， duty， hope， idea， happiness， job， plan， problem， purpose， thing， wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用 His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near

19、future. / The bosss plan is to start building the skycraper immediately. / What I want to say is to get rid of the plan forever. 11） The function of Louis Sullivans architecture was providing A large uninterrupted floor areas B and to allow ample light C into the interior D . 12） The most important

20、A thing is negociate B with them about C the future of D the plant. 四、 不定式作定语 1. 不定式作定语修饰名词或代词，它只能放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。这时被修饰的名词与不定式之间有逻辑上的主谓关系 13） The flexibility of film allows the artist unstrained imagination to the animation of cartoon characters. A to bringB bringingC is broughtD brings 14） Billie Ho

21、lidays reputation as a great jazz blues singer rests on her ability emotional depth to her songs. A be givingB are givenC being givenD to give 另外，有些词的不定式定语有主谓关系，如除了上述例句以外，还有些词常跟不定式作定语。这些词主要有decision （to make）， （a） need （to eat）， opportunity （to speak），reason（to learn a foreing language）， time （to st

22、h）等。 2. 动词不定式作定语往往有一层动宾关系，即所修饰的名词是不定式的宾语 15） Alice was having A trouble to control B the children because there were C so many D of them. 16） There are so many reference books for matriculation of postgraduate and I havent decided which book . A to buyB buyCto be buyingD buying 17） Astronauts can be

23、 affected by loneliness for they have to sit in the spacecraft for weeks with very little and no one . A to do to talkB doing to talk to C to do to talk toD doing to talk 3. 因为不定式所修饰的名词是不定式的宾语，所以如果不定式动词是不及物动词，那么就要在动词后加上相应的介词 He has a lot of trifles to deal with./ I had got no place to live in./That

24、girl has nothing to worry about./the subject to concentrate on. / He has a strict teacher to listen to. / She has four children to look after. / She had a sick mother to live with. / This is the very person to sell your ticket to. 18） Although the lecture had already been on for five minutes， I stil

25、l was not able to find a chair . A to sitB for to sit onC to sit onD for sitting 4. 一些表示企图、努力、倾向、目的、愿望、打算、能力、意向等意义的名词后面要求接不定式作其定语，如：ability， attempt， effort等 19） During A the 19th century scientists found B that when certain parts of the brain were damaged C men lost the ability doing D certain thin

26、gs. 20） What is new， however， is the scientific attempt whether other planets beyond our own have given birth to advanced civilizations. A discoverB discoversC discoveringD to discover 21） Surely her daughter would make an even bigger effort her？ A please B pleased C to please D having pleased 五、不定式

27、作状语 注意作状语的动词不定式要与其逻辑主语在意义上和数上的一致。 1. 表示目的 22） its plans to promote disarmaments，the party has decided to establish a campaign headquarters with Benjamin Seaman as its leader. AAlthoughBTo carry outCExcept thatD Make 23） pure lead，the lead ore is mined，then smelted，and finally refined. A ObtainingB B

28、eing obtainedC To obtainD It is obtained 24） When they met，Leonardo and his enemy were fighting . Akilled each otherBkilling each otherCto be killed each other Dto kill each other 2. 表示结果，在这种情况下，不定式的逻辑主语也是全句的主语 He must be cripple not to walk by himself./It seems that the employee didnt sleep at all to be so sleepy in the early morning. / What have I done for you to deserve such an amount of money？ 还有固定搭配的不定式表示结果：soas to； such（） as to ； enough to； tooto； in order to 等 We have got so plenty of food as to t