动词不定式主动形式表达被动含义的用法例举Word格式文档下载.docx
《动词不定式主动形式表达被动含义的用法例举Word格式文档下载.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《动词不定式主动形式表达被动含义的用法例举Word格式文档下载.docx(15页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
(“I”是”togetalongwith”的逻辑主语)
Hemakeshislessoneasytounderstand.
他的课让人容易理解。
(“he”不是“tounderstand”的逻辑主语)
3.动词不定式前加疑问代词构成“疑问代词+todo”结构。
这个结构中尽管动词不定式与疑问代词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,却用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
Idon’tknowwhatmeasurestotaketosolvetheproblems.
Thequestioniswhattodonext.
4.不定式作定语修饰名词作give,have,get,
buy,lend,want等动词的宾语,。
且句子主语是不定式的逻辑主语时,不定式用主动式,但和宾语有被动关。
系。
Ihavealotofworktodotonight.
Pleasegivemesomethingtoeat,I’mhungry.
5.形容词pleasant,nice,easy,simple,light,hard,difficult,heavy,interesting,fit,dangerous,safe,comfortable,impossible,cheap,important等后接动词不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
It’sdifficultforpeopletocrosstheriver.
Thesmalltownisdifficulttofindonthemap.
Themathsproblemaretoodifficulttoworkout.
6.在“This/Thatis+名词+todo”结构中,如果不定式和名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,则用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
Thisisahardquestiontoanswer.
Thatisaniceplacetovisit.
7.be+todo下列动词仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
如:
Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?
Thehouseistolent.
Alotremainstodo.
lesson17动词不定式
(二)
第二节动词不定式的用法
一、不定式结构作主语
1.不定式前置
1)Derive[A]mineralresourcesfrom[B]sedimentaryrock[C]isa[D]majormodernindustrialactivity.
2)inthematriculationforpostgraduateinashorttimeisrealyahardnut.
[A]Tomakehighscores[B]Tomakelowgoal[C]Tothehighscores[D]Makethelowgoals
2.上述形式一般情况不多见,作为考试的规范英语,如果不定式较长,显得头重脚轻,则可由代词“it”作形式主语(形式主语“it”不能由“that”或“this”等其他代词代替),而将不定式放到后面
Itisreallyahardnuttogethighscoresinthematriculationforpostgraduateinashorttime.
3)Johnadmittedthatit'
salwaysdifficult.
[A]forhimbeingontime[B]beingontimeforhim
[C]forhimtobeontime[D]ontimeforhim
4)Itisdifficultforme[A]tobeconcentrating[B]whilesomeone[C]isusing[D]avacuumcleaner.
3.不定式后置的情况不仅限于动词是系动词,也适用于其他动词
Ittookusagreatdealofeffortstofinishthattask.
ItmadehimextremelyhappytogetcontactwithhisfamilyinTaiwansincetheyseparatedmorethan40yearsago.
4.不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的,即不定式的逻辑主语,通常可以在特定的上下文中能看出,也可以通过带“for+名词短语”辨出
Itisquiteimportantforustoreadgoodbooksduringtheperiodofgeneralreview(总复习)。
Itisnotdifficultforthosewhostudymathswelltopasstheexam.
5.在某些形容词(如careless,clever,considerate,foolish,good,impolite,kind,naughty,nice,silly,stupid等)作表语时,不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语
Itisverykindofyoutohelpme./Itisstupidofhimtodosuchasillything.
间或也可用for+theretobe表示(而且there后面的不定式只能是tobe)。
It'
sagreatpityfortheretobemuchtroubleinthecompany.
二、不定式作宾语
不定式作宾语有两种:
一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式;
另一种是“动词+疑问词+带to的不定式”
1.动词+带to的不定式结构
只能跟动词不定式的动词,常见的有:
afford,agree,aim,appear,arrange,ask,believe,care,claim,decide,decline(拒绝),demand,desire,determine,endeavor,expect,fail,hesitate,hope,intend,learn,long,manage,mean(想要),offer(表示愿意做…),pretend,promise,refuse,seek(试图),swear,undertake,wish(想要)等。
5)Werefusethatthereareinsufficientfundsinthegreatvaults(银行保管库)ofthisnation.
[A]tobelieve[B]tobebelived[C]beliving
[D]havebelived6)Thegreenturtlehasbeenknownover2,000milestoreturntoanestingsite.
[A]inthenavigating[B]thenavigation[C]tonavigate[D]navigation
7)Forthe[A]firsttimeVenusianscientistsmanagedlanding[B]asatelliteontheplanetEarth,andithasbeensending[C]backsignalsaswellas[D]photographseversince.
8)ThedayispastwhenChineseuniversitiesandcollegestogivehighschooldiplomastoallwhositthroughfouryearsofinstruction,regardlessofwhetheranyvisibleresultscanbediscerned.
[A]afforded[B]affording[C]toafford
[D]canafford从上例我们可以看出afford一般与can和can'
t或could和couldn'
t连用。
2.动词+疑问代(副)词+不定式
这类动词常见的有:
advise,decide,discuss,findout,forget,inquire,know,learn,regard,remember,see,settle,teach,tell,think(=consider),understand,wonder等。
这些疑问代(副)词有what,when,where,which,how,whether等,但不包括why,如:
Hedoesnotknowhowtogothere
whentospeakbeforestrangers.
who(m)tovisit.
whichonetochoose.
Youcandecidewhethertogoforwardorstayhere.
whentoseeadoctor.
Iwillshowyouwhattodo.
wheretogo.
howtodealwithit.
其中,1)和2)中不定式的逻辑主语仍是句子的主语,分别为He和You;
而3)中不定式的逻辑主语则不是句子的主语I,而是宾语you.
9)Thedirectorofthisorganizationmustknow.
[A]tomanagemoney,sellhisproductandbeabletosatisfystockholders
[B]managingmoney,selling,andbeabletosatisfythestockholders
[C]howtomanagemoney,sellhisproduct,andsatisfythestockholders
[D]moneymanagement,sellingandbeingabletosatisfythestockholders
10)Totellyouthetruth,Ireallydon'
tknowhowdealwithamanlikehim.
[A]canI[B]well[C]to[D]much
3.有时,不定式跟作主语时一样,可由it来代替,而把不定式放到后面去
Hemakesitaruletotakeawalkbeforebreakfast.
Ithinkitinterestingtoplayfootballwhileitissnowinghard.
Wefinditdifficulttogeteverythingreadybeforethetimeyourequire.
Shecosidersitimportanttomakefriendswiththem.
Idon'
tthinkitnecessarytoarguewiththemonthisproblem.
4.有时THERE和TOBE连用表示“有”或“存在(某情况)”等
Itisimpossiblefortheretobeanymore.
Wouldyouliketheretobeameetingtodiscusstheproblem?
Iexpecttheretobenoargumentaboutthis?
有时在个别的介词后可用“疑问词+不定式结构”作其宾语
Hehashisowndecisionofhowtodoit.
三、不定式作表语
1.一种情况为主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)
Toseeistobelieve/Toworkmeanstoearnaliving.
2.另一种情况主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用
Hiswishistobuyaluxuriouscarinthenearfuture./Theboss'
splanistostartbuildingtheskycraperimmediately./WhatIwanttosayistogetridoftheplanforever.
11)ThefunctionofLouisSullivan'
sarchitecturewasproviding[A]largeuninterruptedfloorareas[B]andtoallowamplelight[C]intotheinterior[D].
12)Themostimportant[A]thingisnegociate[B]withthemabout[C]thefutureof[D]theplant.
四、不定式作定语
1.不定式作定语修饰名词或代词,它只能放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。
这时被修饰的名词与不定式之间有逻辑上的主谓关系
13)Theflexibilityoffilmallowstheartistunstrainedimaginationtotheanimationofcartooncharacters.
[A]tobring[B]bringing[C]isbrought[D]brings
14)BillieHoliday'
sreputationasagreatjazzbluessingerrestsonherabilityemotionaldepthtohersongs.
[A]begiving[B]aregiven[C]beinggiven[D]togive另外,有些词的不定式定语有主谓关系,如除了上述例句以外,还有些词常跟不定式作定语。
这些词主要有decision(tomake),(a)need(toeat),opportunity(tospeak),reason(tolearnaforeinglanguage),time(tosth)等。
2.动词不定式作定语往往有一层动宾关系,即所修饰的名词是不定式的宾语
15)Alicewashaving[A]troubletocontrol[B]thechildrenbecausetherewere[C]somany[D]ofthem.
16)TherearesomanyreferencebooksformatriculationofpostgraduateandIhaven'
tdecidedwhichbook.
[A]tobuy[B]buy[C]tobebuying[D]buying
17)Astronautscanbeaffectedbylonelinessfortheyhavetositinthespacecraftforweekswithverylittleandnoone.
[A]todo…totalk[B]doing…totalkto
[C]todo…totalkto[D]doing…totalk
3.因为不定式所修饰的名词是不定式的宾语,所以如果不定式动词是不及物动词,那么就要在动词后加上相应的介词
Hehasalotoftriflestodealwith./Ihadgotnoplacetolivein./Thatgirlhasnothingtoworryabout./thesubjecttoconcentrateon./Hehasastrictteachertolistento./Shehasfourchildrentolookafter./Shehadasickmothertolivewith./Thisistheverypersontosellyourticketto.
18)Althoughthelecturehadalreadybeenonforfiveminutes,Istillwasnotabletofindachair.
[A]tosit[B]fortositon[C]tositon[D]forsitting
4.一些表示企图、努力、倾向、目的、愿望、打算、能力、意向等意义的名词后面要求接不定式作其定语,如:
ability,attempt,effort等
19)During[A]the19thcenturyscientistsfound[B]thatwhencertainpartsofthebrainweredamaged[C]menlosttheabilitydoing[D]certainthings.
20)Whatisnew,however,isthescientificattemptwhetherotherplanetsbeyondourownhavegivenbirthtoadvancedcivilizations.
[A]discover[B]discovers[C]discovering[D]todiscover
21)Surelyherdaughterwouldmakeanevenbiggerefforther?
[A]please[B]pleased[C]toplease[D]havingpleased
五、不定式作状语
注意作状语的动词不定式要与其逻辑主语在意义上和数上的一致。
1.表示目的
22)itsplanstopromotedisarmaments,thepartyhasdecidedtoestablishacampaignheadquarterswithBenjaminSeamanasitsleader.
[A]Although[B]Tocarryout[C]Exceptthat[D]Make
23)purelead,theleadoreismined,thensmelted,andfinallyrefined.
[A]Obtaining[B]Beingobtained[C]Toobtain[D]Itisobtained
24)Whentheymet,Leonardoandhisenemywerefighting.
[A]killedeachother[B]killingeachother[C]tobekilledeachother
[D]tokilleachother
2.表示结果,在这种情况下,不定式的逻辑主语也是全句的主语
Hemustbecripplenottowalkbyhimself./Itseemsthattheemployeedidn'
tsleepatalltobesosleepyintheearlymorning./WhathaveIdoneforyoutodeservesuchanamountofmoney?
还有固定搭配的不定式表示结果:
so…asto;
such(…)asto…;
enoughto…;
too…to…;
inorderto…等
Wehavegotsoplentyoffoodastot