英语基础知识补课Word格式.docx

1、Hegavemeabook.不能理解为：*Iamabook.5.表语：说明主语的身份、特征、状态的成分,位于系动词后面。Heisateacher.Heistired.Heisateacher.（名词）Myhobbyisswimming.（动名词）Helooksnice.（形容词）Mysuggestionisthatyoustartatonce.（表语从句）表语通常位于系动词后。英语中有哪些系动词呢？“是”:be,prove,turnout;remain;stay;keep;“变得”：become,get,turn,go,fall;“感官”:feel,smell,sound,taste,look

2、,seem,appear系动词具有哪些特征呢？后面通常跟形容词不跟副词。比较：Shelooksbeautiful.Shesingsbeautifully.不用被动形式。错误：Thedishistasteddelicious.正确：Thedishtastesdelicious.Tastednice,thedishwaseatenupquickly.Tastingnice,thedishwaseatenupquickly.6.定语：修饰制名词的成分。Heisacarefuldriver.Ourchemistryteacherputakindofchemicalsubstanceonthedesk.

3、（名词；形容词）Heisacarefuldriver.（形容词）Heisadriverwhodrivescarefully.（定语从句）Iknowtheboywearingajacket.（现在分词短语）Iliketheboywhoiswearingajacket.（定语从句）IlikethebookswrittenbyLuXun.（过去分词短语）IlikethebooksthatwerewrittenbyLuXun.（定语从句）7.状语：修饰制动词、形容词和句子的成分。IvisitedtheGreatWallyesterday.（时间状语）Hestudieshard.（副词）Hecouldd

4、anceattheageofseven.（介词短语）Hecoulddancewhenhewasseven.（从句）Iamsorryforcominglate.（介词短语）IamsorrybecauseIamlate.（从句）8.同位语：句子中指代同一事物的另外一个名词短语或名词性从句。IamLiHua,ChairmanoftheStudentsUnion.（名词作同位语）Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundthesuniswell-known.（同位语从句作同位语）YesterdayImetTom,afriendofmine.（名词短语）Westudentsshould

5、respectteachers.（名词短语）LonghuLake,thelargestlakeinHenan,attractsmanyvisitorseveryyear.（名词短语）Hemadeapromisethathewouldgivemeabikeonmybirthday.（同位语从句）判断同位语：若两个名词性成分之间加个be成立，则二者为同位关系。9.插入语：插入语是插在句子中独立于其他成分的一个词、短语、或从句。Readingwill,nodoubt,enlargeyourvocabulary.Generally/Ingeneral/Generallyspeaking,themore

6、youeat,thefatteryouwillbe.Tomakemattersworse,hefailedagain.Reading,nodoubt,canbroadenourhorizons.插入语通常被逗号、破折号或句子的其他部分隔开,与句子的其他部分之间没有语法上的关系。专题二简单句1.简单句：只有一个主语部分和谓语部分的句子叫简单句。有五大基本句型：主谓：Heleft.主谓宾：HeleftBeijing.主谓宾宾：Helefthissonalargefortune.主谓宾宾补：Theearthquakeleftmanypeoplehomeless.主系表：Heistall.“系表”结构

7、也叫谓语部分。不难看出：一个简单句，有且仅有一个谓语动词。2.省略句在口语中，上文已经出现的信息或者谈话双方都知道的信息不必重复；这就形成了省略句。下面的句子属于哪种句型？Goodidea!Goodmorning!Soundsgreat!Howclever!Anyotherquestions?Standup!【答案】“主系表”，前面省略了Itisa“主系表”，前面省略了Itisa“主系表”，前面省略了It“主系表”，后面省略了youare“主谓宾”，前面省略了Doyouhave“主谓”，前面省略了YouTest1压缩句子找句子主干；判断简单句的“五大基本句型”。1.Thenaughtyboy,

8、afterhearingthenews,leftangrily.2.LiHua,chairmanoftheStudentsUnion,gaveawonderfulspeechyesterday.3.Mydearmother,tomysurprise,boughtmeanexpensivebikeonmybirthday.Test2单句改错语法规则：一个句子必须有一个谓语动词。“群龙不可无首！1.Mycomputeronthedesk.2.TodayMonday.3.Look!Thegirldancingoverthere.4.ThatbookwrittenbyLuXun.5.Myschooln

9、earmyhome.【答案】puter后加is；2.Today后加is；3.girl后加is；4.book后加was；5.school后加is。Test3单句改错一个句子不能超过一个谓语动词。“一山不容二虎”！1.LearnEnglishishard.2.Playbasketballismyhobby.3.Iwantseeyou.4.IamlikeEnglish.【答案】1.LearnLearning；2.PlayPlaying；3.seetosee；4.am重要的事情说三遍：【误】TodayisSunday,wehavenoclasses.【正】TodaybeingSunday,.【误】We

10、atherpermits,wewillpayavisittothepark.【正】Weatherpermitting,.【误】Therearefiftystudentsinourclass,halfofthemaregirls.【正】Therearefiftystudentsinourclass,halfofthembeinggirls.【误】Classwasover,allthestudentswenthome.【正】Classbeingover,【误】Theirhomeworkhadbeenfinished,theywenthome.【正】Theirhomeworkfinished,以上由

11、“名词+非谓语动词”结构，叫独立主格结构。专题三复合句I.两个或多个简单句，由连词连接起来的后组成的句子叫复合句。II.由并列连词and；but；yet；or；for（因为）；so（所以）；while（而）连接的两个或多个句子，叫并列复合句；简称并列句。HelikesEnglishbut/and/whileIlikeChinese.Heputonhisclothesandwentout.III.由从属连词hen；while（当时）；what；because；as；since；after；evenif；before；until；although；though等连接的两个或多个句子，叫从属复合句。

12、IhavelivedinChinasinceIwasborn.（时间状语从句）Becauseitrainedyesterday,manystudentswereabsent.（原因状语从句）ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.（定语从句）为什么两个句子要有连词连接？逗号表示停顿，没有连接作用；当然，分号、破折号可以连接两个句子。【正】TodayisSunday,so/and.（并列句）【正】BecausetodayisSunday,.（原因状语从句）【正】Ifweatherpermits,（条件状语从句）【正】Therearefiftystudentsinou

13、rclass,and（并列句）【正】Therearefiftystudentsinourclass,halfofwhomaregirls.【正】Classwasover,and/so（并列句）【正】Becauseclasswasover,allthestudents（原因状语从句）构句原则：如果没有连词连接，逗号不能连接两个简单句。专题四谓语动词和非谓语动词形式（时态和语态）功能形式do/does充当谓语。todotobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendone充当谓语之外的成分：主语；宾语；定语；状语；补语；表语；同位语；插入语。bedoingwilldow

14、oulddohavedonehaddonedoingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendonewillbedoingwillbedonehasbeendonehadbeendonedoneTest1语法填空1.Look!Thegirl_（go）upstairs.2.Look!Canyouseethegirl_（go）upstairs?3.Thebooks_（write）byLuXun.4.Ilikethebooks_（write）byLuXun.【答案】1.isgoing2.going3.werewritten4.written解题策略：一个简单句如果没有谓语动词，则一

15、定填谓语动词形式；如果有谓语动词，则填非谓语动词。Test2翻译练习1.这个孩子正在睡觉。2.这个孩子假装正在睡觉。3.老师发现这个孩子正在睡觉。4.这个问题正在讨论中。5.我们都在关注正在讨论中的这个问题。6.演讲比赛明天在我校举行。7.我想要请您参加明天在我校举行的演讲比赛。Keys1.Thechildissleeping.2.Thechildpretendedtobesleeping.3.Theteacherfoundthechildsleeping.4.Thequestionisbeingdiscussed.5.Allofusareconcernedaboutthequestionbe

16、ingdiscussed.6.Thespeechcontestwillbeheldinyourschooltomorrow.7.Iwouldliketoinviteyoutoattendthespeechcontesttobeheldinourschooltomorrow专题五非谓语动词非谓语动词充当谓语之外的成分。I.作主语。Doing+谓语部分：LearningEnglishiseasy.Todo+谓语部分：TolearnEnglishiseasy.Itis+adj.+todo：ItiseasytolearnEnglish.Itisnousedoing：Itisnousecryingove

17、rspiltmilk.II.作宾语。表示未来动作用todo。下面动词后常跟不定式：agree同意做choose宁愿做remember记住去做regret很遗憾要做expect期待做offer主动提出做plan计划做stop停下来去做pretend假装要做promise答应做refuse拒绝做wish希望做decide决定做prepare准备做want想要做try试图做determine决心做afford负担得起做manage设法做成hesitate做犹豫remember记得要过表示过去动作用doing。下面动词后常跟动名词：escape逃脱admit承认做remember记得做过regret做

18、了后悔forget做过但忘了appreciate感激做miss错过做表示经常性的动作、或者发生时间不太明确的动作也用doing。giveup放弃做stop停止做risk冒险做finish完成做delay推迟做enjoy喜爱做imagine想象做avoid避免做keep继续做suggest/advise建议做recommend建议做permit/allow允许做mind介意做consider考虑做try尝试表示正在进行的动作用tobedoing。pretend假装happen碰巧seem似乎III.作定语。表示未来动作todo：Ihavemanyquestionstoask. 表示未来的被动动作

19、tobedone：Therearemanyproblemstobesolved. 表示正在进行的动作doing：Doyouknowtheboysinginginthenextroom? 表示正在进行的被动动作beingdone：Theproblembeingdiscussednowisveryimportant. 表示经常性、或者发生时间不太明确的动作doing：Sheisdancinggirl. 表示功能doing：Whereisthenearestdancinghall？ 表示完成的动作done：Theretiredworker,lyingonthefallenleaves,isdrink

20、ingboiledwater. 表示完成而且被动的动作done：Theproblemdiscussedyesterdayisveryimportant.IV.作状语：表示未来动作todo多为目的状语：Togotoakeyuniversity，heworksveryhard。Tobeacceptedtoakeyuniversity,heworkshard. 表示正在进行的、或者与谓语动词同时发生的动作doing： Seeingtheteacher,sheblushed. NotknowinghernumberIwroteheraletter. Shewenttoschool,singingche

21、erfullyalltheway.Beinginterviewedbysomereporters,Ihavenotimetoseeyou. 注意：如果done已经形容词化了，作状语时不可以being： Bornandbroughtupinaruralarea,heknowsfamilyverywell. 表示完成的动作havingdone：Haveyoufinishedtheirhomework,thestudentswenthome. 表示完成而且被动的动作done或havingbeendone： Encouragedbytheteacher,heworksevenharder. Haing

22、beenencouragedbytheteacherheworksevenharder.V.作补语：表示未来动作todo或do：advisesb.to建议allowsb.to允许asksb.to请（叫）begsb.to请求causesb.to导致drivesb.to驱使expectsb.to期望forbidsb.to禁止forcesb.to强迫getsb.to使（要）invitesb.to邀请permitsb.to允许persuadesb.to说服teachsb.to教tellsb.to告诉intendsb.to打算meansb.to打算wantsb.to想要wishsb.to希望remind

23、sb.to提醒ordersb.to命令havesb.do让makesb.do让letsb.do让注意：千万不要说hope/demandsb.to；expect，suppose，require多用于被动语态结构：beexpectedtodo有望besupposedto应该berequiredto被要求 表示正在进行的、或者与谓语动词同时发生的动作doing：feelsb.doing感觉hearsb.doing听见listentosb.doing听seesb.doing看见watchsb.doing看到noticesb.doing注意catchsb.doing逮住leave/keepsb.doing使.一直做表示动作的整个过程do：feelsb.do感觉hearsb.do听见listentosb.do听seesb.do看见watchsb.do看到noticesb.do注意到helpsb.（to）do帮助表示被动的动作done：seesth.donefindsth.donemakeoneselfunderstoodkeepsb.informedkeepsth.updatedgetsth.donehavesth.doneleavesth.untouched有时候也可以用tobedone：wantsth.（tobe）done想要wantsth.（tobe）done打算