高中英语教学论文 如何写好英语段落Word文档格式.docx

1、最后用非常有力的Is it worth it? 结尾，更是发人深思。主题句在句首是常见的，但有时也可出现在段中或出现在段落的末尾。请看下面这个段落：People in the western world do not eat such healthy foods. They eat too much fat and sugar and dont take enough exercise. Because of this, they put on weight very easily. Their diet contains a lot of fat in the form of potato

2、crisps, potato chips, butter, cream and chocolate. They eat a lot of sugar in the form of cakes, soft drinks, sweets and so on. The result is that many of them become fat. And some have bad teeth. In some parts of Britain, one person in ten, by the age of thirty, has no teeth left!该段落的主题句出现在段中。其中的第一

3、、二句话不是主题句，而是展示两个原因（过渡），第三句Because of this, they put on weight very easily提出主题。最后，用几个句子（扩展句）说明所摄取的糖、脂肪的来源及其后果。值得一提的是，并非所有的段落都有主题句。有的段落就没有主题句，不过其所有的句子都有一个共同的指向，都是围绕一个中心来写，也就说所有的句子都为一个中心服务。B. 扩展句扩展句指围绕主题句进行论证、说明、解释的句子，是支撑主题的细节，又叫支撑句或支持句。请看下面这个片段：Most students of our school, including me, are against th

4、e construction of a chemical works near our school. We think it will do us great harm than good. The drinking water will be polluted.这个段落展开不够。该段落谈论的是“反对在学校附近建造化工厂”的问题，但是后面的说明太单薄，不够具体全面，特别是根据“在学校附近修建化工厂”，理应简单谈谈修建化工厂对学校的影响。请看下文：Most students of our school, including me, are against the construction of

5、 a chemical works near our school. Although the works will make a lot of money for our city, we think it will do us great harm than good. The drinking water will be polluted, and this will do great harm to the people and animals around it. Also it will make a lot of noise, which will disturb the atm

6、osphere of the study. We need quiet places to study. Last, the air over the city will be polluted too. We will never be able to breathe fresh air. How can we live here any longer?这样发展句分三个层次来谈论“反对在学校附近修建化工厂”的原因：先点明“弊大于利”，然后从其所带来的水污染、噪音污染和空气污染三个方面进行说明，最后以一个强有力的问句结尾，发人深思。因此，这个片段就更充实、具体，说理更透彻。（from ）说明主

7、题的方式有很多，但不论是哪一种方式扩展细节，都必须为主题服务，能够突出主题。不相关的扩展句则会影响段落的统一性，给读者理解造成障碍。如：We like our English teacher. He is 36 years old. He is strict with us in everything and he is strict with himself, too. He has a good way of making his classes lively and interesting and his lessons are not easily forgotten. Sometim

8、es he is angry with us, and we are afraid of him. He always leaves us a lot of homework to do. If we havent finished it, he will tell us to stand face to face at the back of the classroom.扩展句应该围绕主题组织材料，上面这个段落可说是一个失败的段落。该段落使用了主题句：We like our English teacher. 按理来说下面的扩展句应该围绕这个主题来组织材料，但后面几个句子：Sometimes

9、he is angry with us and we are afraid of him. He always leaves us a lot of homework直到最后都与主题无关，应该删掉。或另起一段，写这个老师的另一方面。C. 结论句结论句又叫总结句，它标志着一个段落的结束，自然应位于一个段落的结尾。结论句可用来重述主题，提供问题的解决方式，对未来进行预测，提出问题让读者去思考，或对全段内容加以概括。结论句之前常常会出现 in short, in a word, briefly speaking, to sum up, therefore等词语。请看下面一个段落：Last Frida

10、y, I booked a table near the window for dinner in your hotel, as I was going to treat my two American friends to a typical Chinese meal. But Im quite disappointed with your service. We went there at the time as arranged, but the waiter told us there were no seats available. After about one and a hal

11、f hours, we were asked to share a table with an old couple. The food was not delicious and some dishes were too salty. Ill appreciate it if you can look into the case.该段落是先叙述一件事，然后以 Ill appreciate it if you can look into the case. 结尾，即“通过提出自己的想法”作为结论句，本段的写作目的跃然纸上。但并非所有的段落都有结论句，有的也可采用自然结束的方式。Roads we

12、re washed away in the peak area. Tons of mud and rocks crashed down on the houses below. 64 people died in the flood and more than 2,500 lost their homes. For some time after the flood, helicopters flew to help the people there. Tractors and trucks worked hard to clear away the big rocks and earth.

13、Many people sent money and necessities of life to the people attacked by the flood and helped them rebuild their hometown.该段就是以自然的方式结束的。该段落先写这一地区遭受的自然灾害，然后用3句话写抗灾情况。该段落没有主题句，也没有结论句。2. 合理的组织合理的组织指段落中句子的安排要符合逻辑顺序，做到句与句衔接，意思前后连贯，以利于中心思想的明确表达。A. 按时间或年代顺序来写对讲故事或写个人的简历等的段落，可按时间顺序写。例如：My name is Li Hua. I

14、was born in Shandong in April, 1965. I started school in 1972 when I was seven years old. I studied in Yucai Primary from 1972 to 1977. After that, I went to No. 7 Middle School of Pingyi and graduated there. After that, I passed the college entrance examination in 1983 and went to study in Linyi No

15、rmal College. After four years study, I graduated and came back to work in my mother school, No. 7 Middle School. Ever since, I have been working here for about 20 years.该段就是根据其个人简历，按照时间顺序来写的B. 按空间次序来写在描写段落如参观一个学校，描写一处景点等主要按照空间顺序来写，给读者一个立体的概念。Let me tell you how to get there. After you come out of t

16、he Friendship Hotel, turn left and go straight until you get to the first crossing. Turn left again and walk along the street until you reach the next crossing. Then turn right and cross the street. After walking just two minutes, you will see a gate on your right. Go through this gate. There is a b

17、ig building in front of you. The language centre is on the second floor, and you cant miss it.从Let me tell you how to get there. 可知， 该段是给“人”指路的，故应以“实际”路线来写，即让人读后能找到“the language centre”。C. 按一定的逻辑顺序来写在描写一个段落时，要重视逻辑顺序，要做到既不片面，又有重点。With the development of computer technology, the Internet has become mo

18、re and more popular. Some students regard it as a great helper. Since there is a lot of information on line, you can surf the Internet for any information you need in a short time without working hard in the library. It is also very convenient to communicate with others by using the Internet. Howeve

19、r, other students think that there is some information on line that is not good for the students. In addition, spending too much time playing games on line will not only have a bad effect on study but also do harm to our health. Therefore, we should make proper use of the Internet. It is of great im

20、portance for us to separate good plants from wild weeds.该段落先点出Internet 越来越受欢迎，然后从两个方面来谈“学生对上网”的看法，一些同学认为Internet对学习有帮助：1）可以在网上获取信息，2）与人交际方便。而有些同学认为上网会浪费时间：1）网上有不良内容，2）在网上玩游戏浪费时间，3）影响健康。这样层层紧扣，最后指出“我们应该合理使用Internet”，并指出应把Internet上的良莠区分出来。3. 恰当的过渡有些考生只重视将意思表达清楚，忽视语句间的连接，忽视了过渡词语的使用，结果写出来的文章结构不严谨，上下文意思不

21、连贯。Bob Geldof was born in Ireland in 1954. When he was fourteen he became interested in pop groups. He left school and worked first in a food factory and later he worked as a worker of building roads. He went to Canada where he wrote about music for a newspaper. In 1975 he returned to Dublin, the ca

22、pital of the Irish Republic, where he formed his own pop group. From 1979 to 1982 they were the top group in Britain, but in 1982 the group stopped playing together.该段落虽没有主题句，但都围绕着Bob Geldof（其简历或所从事的职业）来写，句与句之间按时间顺序依次写出，更突出的是，在写作中使用了过渡性词语，如first,later; but, and及省略等手段。合理使用过渡性词语能够增加句与句之间的联系。下面把常见的过渡性词

23、语大体归类举例如下：（1）表示列举和顺序的连接词：first（firstly）, second（secondly）, third（thirdly）（首先，其次，再则）; for one thing, for another （thing）（一方面，另一方面）; for one thingalso（一则再则）, then; finally, last, lastly（最后）等。I cant go. For one thing, I have no money, also I have no time. 我不能去，一则我没有钱，二则我没有时间。（2）表示增补或引申意义的连接词：besides, f

24、urthermore（而且）, then, above all, whats more, whats worse（更糟糕的是）, indeed, in fact, naturally（自然地）等。Tom shows great interest in physics, furthermore, he wants to be an astronaut in the future.汤姆在物理方面很感兴趣，而且他想以后当一名宇航员。（3）表示概括或总结的连接词：then, in brief（简言之），in a word, generally speaking, in short等。Its a lon

25、g letter; but in brief, he says “No”. 这是一封长信，但简言之，他拒绝了。（4）表示同位关系或解释性的词语： namely（也就是）, in other words, for example, that is, that is to say等。John is a Londoner; that is, he lives in London.约翰是伦敦人，也就是他生活在伦敦。（5）表示结果的连接词：so, therefore, as a result, in this way等。His bicycle was stolen, therefore, he had

26、to go to work by bus. 他的自行车被盗了，所以他不得不乘公共汽车上班。（6）表示推论的连接词语：（or） else（否则）, otherwise, then, in that case等。He must be joking, or else hes mad.他一定在开玩笑，否则他就疯了。（7）表示转折意义的连接词语：instead, on the contrary（恰恰相反）, on the other hand, but, however等。George is very bright, but he never studies. 乔治很聪明，但是他从不学习。（8）表示让步

27、关系的连接词语：anyhow（无论如何）, anyway（不论怎么样）, however, still（然而）, though, yet, in any case, after all, all the same等。I said I would call him. However, I was too busy.我说过我会给他打电话，但是我太忙了。（9）表示时间过渡的连接词语：meantime, meanwhile, in the meantime, at the same time等。Mother went shopping; meanwhile, I cleaned the room. 妈

28、妈去买东西；同时我在家里打扫房间。Some students were playing volleyball. At the same time, others were playing football.一些学生在打排球。同时，其他的学生在踢足球。在实际写作中，除了上面的过渡性词语外，有时还可使用整个句子作为过渡，如： “My advice is as follows.” “Let us move on to the next issue.”有人曾把段落内过渡性词语比作铆钉（rivets）和铁轨（rails），使段落构成一个完整的有机体，并引导读者了解作者所要表达的内容。My parents

29、 contacted others mainly by sending them letters in the past, but now we call long distance at home. And once my parents listened to the radio for news and other information, but now we watch the news and other programs on TV. Another big change is in the housing conditions. When they got married ab

30、out 20 years ago, my parents lived in a small room crowded with furniture, but now we have moved into a big new three-room apartment. In short, changes in our life in the last ten years have brought us comfort and convenience.这个段落采用今昔对比的手法来写，主要运用了表示对比关系的词语but，如in the past, but now we ，总结性词语in short等；同时，还使用了过渡句Anoth