高考阅读理解题型解读和专项练习11文档格式.docx

1、阅读理解归纳为以下几种题型：主旨大意题，细节理解题，推理判断题（含写作意图、目的等），词义猜测题。英语阅读理解题的技巧与策略是学生提高阅读理解多需要具备的。一、 主旨大意题（几乎每年高考都有，13题）这类题在设题时常会用到title, subject, main idea, topic, theme等词。1. 归纳标题题特点：短小精悍，一般多为一个短语；涵盖性强，一般能覆盖全文意思；精确性强，表达范围要恰当，不能随意改变语意程度或色彩。常见命题形式有：Whatsthebesttitlefortext? The best title for this passage is _. Which of

2、 the following can be the best title for the passage?真题范例（2012安徽卷）Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys? The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal experiences. To the Egyptians, green was a color that represented the hope and joy of spring, while

3、for Muslims, it means heaven. Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures. In China, children are given money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year. For many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs.Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect th

4、emselves against evils （灾祸）. Peoples choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies reactions （反应） toward them. Green is said to be the most restful color. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically. People who work in green environment have been found to ha

5、ve fewer stomachaches. Red can cause a persons blood pressure to rise and increase peoples appetites （食欲）. Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. Similarly, many commercial websites will have a red Buy Now button because red is a color that easily catches a persons e

6、ye. Blue is another calming color. Unlike red, blue can cause people to lose appetite. So if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help. The next time you are deciding on what to wear or what color to decorate your room, think about the color carefully. 63. Which of the

7、 following would be the most proper title for the text? A. Colors and Human Beings B. The Cultural Meaning of Color C. Colors and Personal Experiences D. The Meaning and Function of Color2. 概括大意题包括寻找段落大意（topic）和文章中心思想（main idea），常见命题形式有： What is the general/main idea of the passage？Which of the foll

8、owing expresses the main idea？What is the subject discussed in the text?The writer of the story wants to tell us that_. The passage/ text is mainly about_. articlemainlyabout？范例 Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the Unive

9、rsity of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.Q: What is the main idea of the passage?A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer.B. Bingham is a diligent stud

10、ent.C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education.D. A good lawyer needs good education.【解题思路】 此文没有主题句。全篇共四句，只陈述了四个细节（detail）性的事实。因此就答案本身看，个个都对。读者只能将所有的details综合起来，进行逻辑推理，才能构成一个没有言明的主题思想。由于文中主要涉及了Joshua Bingham接受教育的情况，即作者想告诉我们的是：Joshua Bingham接受过良好的教育，所以答案是 。范例 In the 1930s, a lot of people in t

11、he USA were out of work. Among these people was a man named Alfred Butts. He always had an interest in word games and to fill his time he planned a game which he called “Lexico”. However, he was not completely satisfied with the game, so he made a number of changes to it and changed its name from “

12、Lexico” to “Alph” and then to “Criss Cross”. He wanted to make some money from his new game but he didnt have any real commercial（商业性的）success. The text is mainly about_.A. Lexico B. Three men C . A word game D. Alfred Butts.解题技巧：阅读理解文章多是议论文和说明文，这两种文体的结构可归纳为：提出问题论述问题得出结论或者阐明观点。对于这类文章，抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主

13、要方法。 主题句一般出现在文章的开头或结尾。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点。主题句在文章中的位置主要有以下几种情况：位于段首：一般而言，以演绎法撰写的文章，主题句往往在文章的开头，即先点出主题，然后围绕这一主题作具体的陈述。判断第一句是否为主题句，可具体分析段落的首句与第二，三句的关系；如果从第二句就开始对第一句进行说明，论述或描述，那第一句就是主题句。有些段落，在主题句后面有明显引出细节的信号词，如for example, an example of; first, second, next, last, finally; to begin with, also, besides; one,

14、 the other; some, others等。在阅读中应尽量利用上述信号词来确定主题句的位置。范例 People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal un1ess they have had steak or other red meatSome prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would e

15、njoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant and fresh fruit0thers could live on what were called fastfoods：a hamburger or hot dog。French fries and a soft drink位于段尾：有些文章会在开头列举事实, 然后通过论证阐述作者的核心论点。因此，如果第一句话不是概括性的或综合性的话，最好快速读一读段落的最后一个句子，看看它是否具备主题句的特征。如果它具备主題句的特征，段落的主题思想就很容易确定了。一般说来，当一种观点不易向人解释清楚或不易被人接受时，主题句便会到段落

16、的末尾才出现。学生可以充分利用引出结论的信号词, 如so，therefore，thus，consequently；in conclusion，in short；in a word, to sum up等来确定主题句的位置在段尾。当无明显的此类信号时，学生可在段落的最后一句话前面添加一个引出结论的信号词，以确定其是否是主题句。范例 Americans might be embarrassed because their Japanese friends are so formal with themJapanese might feel insulted because American acq

17、uaintances greet them casuallyStill, the forms of greeting in both countries only show respect for othersIt just happens that Americans and Japanese have a different way of looking at human relationships and thus have a different way of showing respect位于段中：有时段落是先介绍背景和细节，接着用一句综合或概括性的话概括前面所说的内容或事例，然后再

18、围绕主题展开对有关问题的深入讨论。这种文章的主题句往往会在段落中间出现。归纳起来主要有两种情况：先提出问题，然后给予回答（主题句），最后给予解释；或者，先提出问题，然后点出主题思想（主题句），最后给予解释。范例 In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American marketFord, General Motors, and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever beforeThe flood of cheaper foreign c

19、ars has not cost American autoworkers their job as some experts expectedFord operates as far as Asia , and General Motors is considered Australias biggest employerYet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable society。首

20、尾呼应：主题句在段落的开头和结尾两个位置上先后出现，形成前呼后应的格局。这两个主题句叙说的是同一个内容，但用词不尽相同，这样不但强调了主题思想，而且显得灵活多变。这两个句子并非简单重复，后一个主题句或对该主题作最后的评述，或对要点作一概括，或使之引申留给读者去思考。无明确主题句：找关键词（出现频率较高）, 归纳总结。范例 Bats are the only animals that truly flyThese animals use their leathery wings differently from birds. Birds flap their wings up and down,

21、 while bats use both their wings and legs, which makes them seem as if they are swimming through the airEven though bats take much longer，stronger strokes than birds, they still can beat their wings as often as twenty times per second!此段落的主题词是：bats, birds, different, fly归纳出段落的中心思想是：Bats are differen

22、t from birds in flying注意: 新题型中有一个选项是干扰项，解答此类题时同学易犯以下三种错误：（1）表述过于片面，只涵盖该段个别细节；（2）表述过于笼统，超出该段的内容；（3）表述与段落内容无关，在段落中找不到相关依据二、细节理解题（高考比例较大）考查内容主要涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、数字等；议论文中例证细节；定义类细节。这类题目的共同特点是：答案一般都能在文章中找到。当然，答案并不一定是文章中的原句，考生需要根据文章提供的信息自己组织语句回答问题。1. 事实细节题寻读法（先读题，带着题干信息快速浏览全文） 分为直接理解题和间接理解题，前者常用who, wha

23、t, which, when, where, why和how提问，或判断正误；后者需与原文信息转换，表达上与原文有差异。 What can we learn from the passage? All the following are mentioned except .Which of the following is mentioned （not mentioned）? Which of the following statements is true/right/false/wrong about? （2012江西卷）Mark had been scolded before for t

24、ouching his fathers equipment. But his curiosity was difficult to control and this new computer really puzzled him.56Why did Mark touch the computer against his fathers warning?AHe wanted to take a voyage.BHe wanted to practice his skillCHe was so much attracted by it.DHe was eager to do an experime

25、nt.2. 排列顺序题首尾定位法（找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，用排除法缩小范围） 常出现在记叙文和说明文中，一般按事件发生的顺序。 Which of the following is the correct order of? Which of the following shows the path of signals described in Paragraph?（2011山东卷）Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers. Brain-compute

26、r interface（BCI） technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines. The researchers designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp（头皮） and sends them to a computer. The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelch

27、air. The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. They help the computer react to commands from the brain.73. Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5?A. scalpcomputercapwheelchairB. computercapscalpwheelchairC. scalpcapcomputerwheelchai

28、rD. capcomputerscalpwheelchair3. 图文匹配题按图索骥理清线索设题形式：给出图表，根据图表提问问题。（略）4. 数字计算题（方法：审题带着问题找细节对比、分析、计算）可直接找到相关细节，但需经过计算方可找到答案。 （2012福建卷）Affordable plans that I can understand-and no contract to sign （签订）!Unlike other cell phones，Jitterbug has plans that make sense. Why should I pay for minutes Im never g

29、oing to use? And if I do talk more than I plan, I wont find myself with no minutes like my friend who has a prepaid phone. Best of all, there is no contract to signso Im not locked in for years at a time. The US-based customer service is second to none. And the phone gets service anywhere in the country.Monthly Minutes50100Monthly Rate$14.99$19.99911 AccessFREELong Distance CallsNo additional chargeFriendly Return Policy30 days64. On the monthly basis of 100 minutes, the Jitterbug weekly rate is about _. A. $3.75 B. $4.99 C. $14. 99 D. $19