中考英语语法专题二动词时态学生版Word文件下载.docx

1、amisare doinghashave donehashavebeen done过去时donewaswere doinghad donehad been doing将来时shallwill doshallwill be doingshallwouldhave doneshallwillhave been doing过去将来时shouldwould doshouldwouldbe doinghave donehave been doing初中则要求掌握以下八种时态：一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时，一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时，一般将来时，过去将来时。1）表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与

2、often、always、usually、every day、sometimes、now and then等时间状语连用e.g. He gets up at six every day.2）表示主语现在的状态、特征或性格等e.g. She has brown hair.3）表示普遍真理或客观事实 e.g. The earth moves around the sun.4）在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来动作e.g. Ill tell her after you leave.5）在口语中，有些表示移动的动词，其一般现在时可以表示按规定、计划或时间表要发生的事，句中通常有一个表示未来时

3、间的状语。这些动词有go，come，leave，arrive，return，begin，start，be等 e.g. The Browns come back tonight.6） 以here，there开头的倒装句，一般现在时可表示目前正在发生的动作e.g. Here comes the bus.a. 有少数动词（如say，tell，hear等）可以用一般现在时表示过去发生的情况e.g. I hear you want a servant.2一般过去时1） 表示过去某个事件发生的动作或存在的状态，一般带有确定的过去时间状语，如the day before yesterday，last nig

4、ht，a few years ago，in 1997等，但有时可不用时间状语而通过情景表示过去时间e.g. My grandmother died last year.2）表示过去经常或反复发生的动作e.g. I played basketball every day when I was a boy.【注】表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态，也可用“used to+动词原形”的结构e.g. My mother used to go to school on foot.这种结构的否定式和疑问式可用助动词do，也可不用助动词来构成：dont use to=usednt to 有些情况发生的时间不

5、很清楚，但实际上是过去发生的，应当用一般过去时e.g. I was glad to get your letter.1） 在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示过去将来时间e.g. He said he would not stay on even though it rained the next morning.其他表示将来时的结构 be going to+动词原形”结构，表示说话者明确的打算、安排、决定或确信会发生的事，多用于口语 e.g. When are you going to answer his letter?【注】表示客观上某些事将来必然发生，与主观意愿无关，常用will

6、e.g. Ill be eighteen next week. “be+动词不定式”结构，表示安排好了要在将来做的事e.g. Youre stay here till we return. “be about+动词不定式”结构，表示就要发生的事，句中不能用表示动作发生时间的状语 e.g. They are about to start. 一般将来时表示将来时（限于某些动词，表示按计划或时刻表要发生的事）e.g. We get off at the next stop. 现在进行时表示将来时（限于某些动词，表示按计划安排要发生的事）e.g. Were having an English even

7、ing tonight.4 过去将来时1）过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态，过去将来时常用在宾语从句中 过去将来时由“助动词wouldshould+动词原形”构成e.g. I knew you would agree.2）Be going+动词不定式、be+动词不定式、be about+动词不定式，变成过去式后，都相当于过去将来时e.g. She was going to sell her old car and buy a new one.3）过去进行时表示过去将来的概念，常用于位置转移的动词，如go，come，leave等e.g. He told me he w

8、as leaving in an hour.4）在时间、条件状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来时e.g. They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.5 现在进行时1）现在进行时的构成 “助动词be的现在时形式（am，is，are）+主要动词的现在分词”现在进行时的用法表示此刻正在进行或发生的动作 e.g. What are you thinking about?表示现在这一段时间正在发生的动作或变化，虽然这个动作此时此刻不一定正在进行e.g. Im sorry I cant go. Im writing

9、a report.3）现在进行时的其他用法 可以用来表示经常性的动作，常和always，constantly，forever这类副词连用，表示厌烦、赞美等情绪e.g. He is always losing his keys.可以用来表示按计划、安排最近即将发生的动作，常用位置转移的动词，如 go，come，leave，start，arrive等e.g. Are you going anywhere tomorrow？可以用在时间或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作e.g. When you are passing my way, please drop in.6 过去进行时1）过去进行时的

10、构成 “助动词be的过去时形式（was，were）+主要动词的现在分词”2）过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作，句中往往有表示过去的时间状语或上下文表示过去某一特定时刻句中的过去时间状语往往是：this time yesterday，from 2 to 3 yesterday afternoon，at 10 last Sunday night，at that time，the whole morning yesterdaye.g. We were talking about it a moment ago.3）过去进行时表示过去某一段时间里持续的动作e.g. It was s

11、nowing last night.4）与always，constantly，forever等副词连用，带有感情色彩e.g. He was always ringing me up.5）过去进行时可表示过去某时打算要做的事或预计要发生的事e.g. Mr. Brown was coming to dinner.6）有时用hope，think，wonder的过去进行时表示现在的想法，可以显得客气一点e.g. I was wondering whether you could give me some advice.7）过去进行时和一般过去时的用法比较过去进行时往往表示动作的未完成性，而一般过去时则

12、往往表示动作已完成e.g. He was doing his homework in the afternoon.（没有言明作业是否完成）He did his homework in the afternoon.（作业已做完）过去进行时侧重说明动作持续时间的长度，而一般过去时则侧重说明事实。e.g. It was raining all night.（持续性） It rained all night.（只说明下雨事实）7 现在完成时现在完成时，动作发生在过去，但对现在又影响（或结果），这种影响（或结果）往往是说话人兴趣所在，因此动词后常常不用时间状语。e.g. Someone has brok

13、en the window.1）现在完成时的构成 “助动词have（has）+过去分词”现在完成时的肯定句的构成：主语（第一和第二人称单数，第三人称复数）+have+过去分词 或：主语（第三人称单数）+has+过去分词e.g. We have lived in Beijing. He has lived in Beijing.现在完成时的否定构成：主语+have（has）+not+过去分词e.g. I have not seen the film yet. 现在完成时的疑问句的构成：一般疑问句 Have（Has）+主语+过去分词？e.g. Have you finished the work?

14、2）现在完成时的用法表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果,于现在时间相关联 e.g. Ive lost my key.（因此无法进屋）【注】现在完成时不能和确定的过去时间状语连用，可与不确定的时间状语连用，如：just，already，yet，ever，recently，lately，never，still，before等e.g. Have you ever talked to him about it?表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在可能还要持续下去，也可能刚刚结束，这时通常和since或for引导的时间状语连用 e.g. I have lived here for

15、 more than thirty years.【注】现在完成时表示动作持续发生时还可以用以下表示包括现在时间在内的时间状语：up to now，in the past few years，today，so far，these days，this year等e.g. Up to now, the work has been easy. 表示动作持续发生时只能用表示持续动作的动词或状态动词,不能用表示短暂的动作或位置转移的动词 e.g. 这本书我在上海买的，我买了三年了。 （wrong） I bought this book in Shanghai, I have bought it for t

16、hree years. （right） I bought this book in Shanghai, I have had it for three years. 表示“曾经到过某地”，要用have（has） been to，不能用have（has） gone toe.g. Where has he been?（他已经回来） Where has he gone?（他现在不在这里） Have（has） got在形式上是现在完成时，在意思上却和have（has）相同e.g. Have you got（=Do you have） a time table?3）现在完成时和一般过去时的区别这两个时态

17、都谈已发生的事，主要差别是现在完成时表示的动作与现在有关,或者对现在有影响，或谈现在之前一段时间里发生的事；而一般过去时单纯谈过去的事，与现在没有关系。因此，凡是有过去时间状语，只能用过去时。e.g. She was here a minute ago.现在完成时用于提供新的信息。因此，两人对话时，往往先用完成时，如果继续谈到具体的事情、时间、地点，须用一般过去时 e.g.对话： Have you milked the cows yet? Yes, we have done that already. Well done! When did you do that? We did it an

18、hour ago.8 过去完成时1）过去完成时的构成 “助动词had+过去分词”，疑问式将had提前，否定式在had后加not2）过去完成时的用法表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态e.g. He had left when we arrived there.用于宾语从句中 e.g. I thought I had seen her somewhere before.9 时态的呼应在主从复合句中，有些从句中的谓语动词时态受到主句谓语动词时态的影响，这种情况叫时态的呼应1）主句若是现在时态或将来时态，从句可以表述任何事态的事e.g. I hear you have learn

19、ed by heart 5,000 English words.Ill tell you which hotel I shall stay in.Nobody knows why she didnt come to work for a week last month.2）主句若是过去时态，从句可以表述一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的事e.g. Mr. Brown told me he wanted to buy a Japanese TOYOTA car.She didnt tell me what she was doing then.He asked me whether

20、 I would go abroad in several months.She didnt know we had got married.3）若果从句说明的是一般真理或客观事实，仍用现在时态e.g. The teacher told us that the earth is round.*2011和2012中考真题欣赏【2012福建福州】35. Listen, the music _sweet. Its Yesterday Once More, my favorite.A. sounds B. smells C. feels37. Hello, may I speak to Mr. Smi

21、th? Sorry, he isnt in. He _the office.A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been away43. Our classroom_every day. So it is. Its our duty to keep it clean and tidy.A. cleans B. is cleaning C. is cleaned【2012贵州贵阳】36. “Have you ever been to Tokyo?” “Yes, I _ there twice. Its a modern city.” A. have gone

22、 B. have been C. had gone【2012贵州贵阳】39. In order to make our hometown more beautiful, trees _ around the city every year. A. plant B. are planted C. will plant【2012.安徽省】35. To protect the environment, supermarket dont _ free plastic bags to shoppers. A.take B. show C. provide D. carry 41. -Lets discu

23、ss the plan, shall we?-Not now. I_ to an interview.A. go B. went C. am going D. was going49. The task_ in an hour. Then we can go home and have a good rest.A. was finished B. will be finished C. has been finished D. cant be finished【2012北京】25. Lets _ for a walk, shall we?A. to go B. going C. go D. g

24、one26. Where were you last Saturday?I _ in the Capital Museum.A. am B. will be C. was D. have been29. May I speak to the headmaster?He _ a meeting now. Can I take a message?A. is having B. had C. has D. will have32. I _ Mr. Smith since he moved to Shanghai.A. didnt hear from B. dont hear fromC. wont

25、 hear from D. havent heard from33. Today, computers are really helpful. They _ everywhere.A. use B. are used C. used D. were used【2012甘肃鸡西市】25. My grandpa is sleeping. Will you please_the radio?A. turn down B. turn up C. turn on28. They_five days finishing the work. A. paid B. took C. spent 30. She_

26、 her hometown for many years. No one nearly knows her.A. has been away from B. has left C. had left32. Summer holiday is coming, Li Lei with his father_to go to Shanghai.A. want B. will want C. wants33. Lisa is a little poor at Chinese. I think she needs_it every day. A. practise to speak B. to prac

27、tise speaking C. practise speaking【2012广东】31. Jenny in the kitchen when you called her at 5 oclock this afternoon.A. is cooking B. was cooking C. cooks D. Cooked35. Hot water in the students flats from 5 pm to 7 pm now.A. supplies B. is supplied C. supplied D. was supplied36. If our government atten

28、tion to controlling food safety now, our health _indanger.A、 wont pay; is B. doesn is C. won will be D. doesn will be37. Both Li Lei and Han Meimei fond of the TV program A Bite of China. I am also deeply moved by its stories!A. is B. am C. was D. Are【2012广东】39. Our English teacher is very nice. We friends since three years ago.A. were B. became C. have been D. have made43. You havent been to the West Lake, have you? . But