考上中科院的牛人整理的考研英语笔记Word文档格式.docx

1、（一）虚拟语气原则1、 条件状语从句中的虚拟（1） 与现在事实相反从句：If did（were） 主句：would/should/could/might do（2） 与过去事实相反If had done 主句：would/should/could/might have done（3） 与将来事实相反 didIf were to do 主句：would do should do 考点1、 错综条件句If you had come tomorrow,you could see him tomorrow（真实情况是明天你不会来）2、 倒装句若had were should 移到句首，变成倒装（此点考

2、察难度比较大）3、 but or（否则） otherwise 用虚拟I was ill yesterday,otherwise,I would have come to see you.2、宾语从句中的虚拟（1）I wish that did（were） 现在 had done 过去I wish I had a lot of money 我希望我有钱 （实际上现在没有钱）（2）suggest that （should）do考点1、 第三人称（he、she、it）I suggest that he study hard.2、not doI suggest that he not study ha

3、rd.3、be doneI suggest that the work be done表建议的词：Advise/propose/recommend/move（提议）/order/demand/request/insist（表“坚决要求”用虚拟，表“坚持”用真实语气）表命令要求的词：（3）would rather that did 希望I would rather that you stayde at home3、主语从句中的虚拟（1）I t is suggested that （should）do（2）It is important/necessary/essential/vital/impe

4、rative that （should）do（3）It is time that did4、表语从句中的虚拟My suggestion/advice/proposal/recommendation/motion/order/request/requirement that（should）do5、其他（1） as if/through did 与现在事实相反 had did 与过去事实相反he looks at me as if he had known me.（2）lest（以免、以防、万一）should doHe put on more clothes lest he should get

5、cold（3）If only（句首） 要是。就好了，表强烈希望If only did Had done（4）May（放句首） do 祝愿May you succeed（5）whether do不管Whether he be rich or poor,she will marry himBe he rich or poor,she will marry him（倒装）She will marry him（？）rich or poor?（难句）A、he is B、is he C、he be D、be he虚拟考点网络图关于If在完型中的选择As if 一般为正确选项可根据意思和结构其正确性 If

6、only 一般为错误选项Only if（只有在。条件下） 一般为正确选项Even if 一般为正确选项If so 一般为错误选项 （二）从句原则从句可分为：名词性从句、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（状语从句）名词性从句分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句形容词性从句分为：关系代词引导的定语从句和关系副词引导的定语从句副词性从句分为：时间、条件、原因、地点、让步、因果状语从句（6种）1、 名词性从句三大考（难）点：what、that、其他（1） what 的用法特点：充当主语或宾语 “的”字结构What he said is right（what做said的宾语，翻译为“他所

7、说的是对的）（2）that 的用法不充当任何成分 无意义That he is a good student is known to all（4） 其他：wh-充当成分 自身的意义，本意WhenwherewhywhowhomwhosewhichwhetherhowWhen we will have a meeting isnt clear.2、 同位语从句必须用thatThe news that he passed the exam made me happy.（1）从句所修饰的名词一般是 newsideafactevidencesign（2）从句一般用来说明前面名词的内容（3）从句中不缺少任何

8、成分3、定语从句（该句型要会用于写作中）（1）关系代词 先行词是人：who whom whose that 先行词是物：which whose that 关系副词 when where whyThis is the man who teaches us English（先行词是人）作主语或宾语 代替先行词的意思This is the book which bought today（先行词是物）1、 只用that引导的定语从句（1）先行词是sth,anything,everything,nothing,all等不定代词（2）先行词被some,any,every,no,all修饰时（3）先行词被t

9、he only,the very修饰时（4）先行词被形容词最高级和序数词修饰时（5）先行词前既有人又有物时（6）以what或who开头的特殊疑问句中的定语从句2、 只用which引导的定语从句（1） 非限定性定语从句中（2） 在介词后3、 介词+关系代词There are thirty students in our class,of whom most are from the north.4、 As 引导的定语从句（1） 当先行词被the same或such修饰时I bought such a book as you bought（2） 先行词是整个句子时（3） 当定语从句放句首时（“正如

10、“的意思）As is known to all,he is a good student5、 than引导的定语从句当先行词被比较级修饰时I have more money than you give me关系副词This is the school where I met her先行词是地点 作地点状语 代替先行词的意思This is the day when I met her先行词是时间 作时间状语 代替先行词的意思This is the reason why 先行词是原因 作原因状语 代替先行词的意思先行词是时间却不能用when引导The day which he spent with

11、 her will stay in his mind forever先行词是地点却不能用where引导This is the school which he visited.4、 状语从句（1） 时间状语 when which as（so）long as as far as（2） 原因 because since as for（3） 地点 where（4） 条件 if once（一旦） unless（除非）（5） 目的 so that in order that（从句中一般只有情态动词）（6） 让步 although though 从句考点网络图in that=because 因为now th

12、at 既然让步状语seeing that 既然provided（that） 假如、如果条件状语in case that 如果except that so that 没有“such that”这种搭配！ （三）倒装原则否定词的倒装：neither,nor,或not放在句首时，要将助动词放到主语前面I cant speak English,neither can heLooks at the two boys,neither of them comes from USANot untill I get home will he go to bed（四）复现原则1、原词复现：选项中出现正文里原封不动

13、的词2、同意复现：选项中出现正文里意思相近的词3、反义复现：选项中出现正文里意思相反的词 （五）并列原则1、并列句中A B C,and X _Y 成分找成分（即A和X对应，C和Y对应，则B和_对应）Whereas while instead but2、 并列连词 instead of A or B better than other than rather than3、 of 前后并列A of B the city of beijing（六）释义原则（七）逻辑原则转折、因果从句中用although/because的概率达50%，主句中however的概率占90%二、 作文 （一）小作文应用文1

14、、 要求：100字（答题卡上共11行，最好写满，差不多150字），笔尖不要细的，不要用浅色笔写（作文扫描到网上阅卷，太细太浅看不清）2、内容：辞职、申请、建议、道歉、通知、邀请、推荐、求职、投诉等3、应用文的六句口诀：（1）开门见山说意图 （2）信息要点覆盖全（3）不同方面可分段（用fiist second third分条写）（4）咨询建议分点好 （5）感谢客气 （6）期待回信4、小作文综合模板 （Jan.10.2011）称呼：第一段： 照抄或改编小作文的要求部分第二段： 三点建议或原因第三段： I am looking forward to your reply Yours （二）大作文（以

15、图画题为主，极小可能出图表题）160200字，写成三段论，一段6句话，注意句式和词汇（闪光词）的使用句子要切题、条理主旨词一定要尽量在文中均匀重复出现！2、 主题句的写法主题三要素：（1）topic （2）controlling idea论述方面 （3）吸引人的方面Good study habbit are useful to college student主题 论述方面There are three reasons why I love her论述方面 主题BMW is a fine car 论述太宽泛，不好3、 大作文写作格式（图画式作文）（1） 第一段：描述图画 主动式The pictu

16、re（cartoon/drawing）shows/manifests/depicts/describeAccording to the figures shows in table/graph/bar chart ,we can see that 被动式As is shown/depicted in the picture 介词短语In the picture（2） 第二段：若是反映哲理的图则阐述寓意，反映现象的图就分析原因若是哲理题Having scrutinized（审查） the details of the picture,we can discuss the implications

17、（寓意） subtly conveyed from it.Now people in growing/increasing/significant numbers are beginning to realize （understand/recognize/accept/be awared）that 翻译图画下面的文本提示语 主题词（无提示语，需自己总结的）is of great important in our daily life若是现象题Recently the issue/problem/question/phenomenon of .has been in the limelight

18、Recently the issue +同位语has been brought into focus/brought to public attention/posed among the general public（3） 第三段：若是反映哲理的图则发表评论，反映现象的图就提出建议若是哲理，就评论In my opinion/view as far as I am concerned from my own perspective I strongly hold thatAs far as I am concerned,I strongly hold that such a virtue/ph

19、enomenon should be advocated（prevented）openly and enthusiastically若是现象，就建议As far as I am concerned,I strongly hold two effective measures should be taken to cope with the phenomenon.概述 描述 引申:翻译图中提示语或使用万能句子寓意 原因观点 分析 总结 PS：收尾三招：强调主题、总结主题、展望未来=It will only be a matter of time before the problem become

20、 things of the past.4、 段落扩展的四大杀手锏（主要用于第二段）：（1）作比较 （2）找原因 （3）举例子 （4）混合使用5、图表类型作文（与图画题格式类似）柱状图bar chart 饼状图pie chartAs is shown in the graph,the total chart is divided into尽可能少罗列数字Total is divided in four parts,with A、B、C and D making up % % % % respectlyThe total.is divided into four part,with A and

21、B making up%totally. 抓主要矛盾引申：尽管图中数字看起来是孤立存在的，但事实上他们是紧密相连的Isolated as the figures seem to be,as a matter of fact,they are connected to one another closely （三） 句子写作1、 五个基本句型（1） 主语+系动词+表语She is beautifulAll the tourists seemed pleased（2） 主语+谓语（Vi）Everybody laughs（3） 主语+谓语（Vt）+宾语He opened the door（4） 主语

22、+谓语+间接宾语+宾语I gave the old man some money 间接宾语 直接宾语I gave some money to the old man（5） 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语We found him safe and sound 形容词We caught them stealing apples 动名词They advised him to accept theoffer 不定式作宾补We elected him the new monitor. 名词2、 句子扩展法（3途径）（1） 增加修饰成分形容词或副词 同位语做插入语 介词结构作修饰In a sun-shini

23、ng summer afternoon,the pump old zhang,with a white shirt,an old guy in his forties,enthusiastically gives us a disappoint writing lecture,more boring than the reading lecture.（2） 从属结构 名词性从句三大难点：“的”字结构用what 不缺结构用that 自身意义用其他 定语从句（作文中一定要用到）想到她/他就用who 代替物体用which 表示“谁的”用whose写到谓语停一停，注意谓语的单复数形式及时态变化 状语从

24、句（6种）（3） 并列句And but so than eitheror neithernor（4） 非谓语动词若前后主语相同，去一个主语，将句号改逗号，并将其中一个动词+ing或having done我是一名教师，我讲课（前后主语相同都是“我”） I am a teacher,I give classes=Being a teacher,I give classes或I ,being a teacher,give classes我不是一名教师，我讲课I ,not being a teacher,give classes 现在分词否定时我过去是学生，但现在我讲课I ,having been a

25、 students,give classes 现在分词完成时I ,not having been a students,give classesHow can you,not being a fish,know the happiness of a fish?（汝非鱼，安知鱼之乐乎？）若前后主语不相同，用独立主格结构It is hot today,I stay at home=It being hot today,I stay at home.3、 段落的扩展扩展要求：（1）段落统一性 （2）段落连贯性：使用代词、过渡词、关键词的重复 扩展方法：（1） 列举法listing/addition（

26、2） 举例法examplification（3） 描述法description（4） 因果法cause-effect（5） 比较对比法comparison and contrast（6） 分类法classification（7） 定义法definition4、 高分词（1） VeryExceedingly/excessively/extremely/surpassingly/absolutely/highly（2） AlthoughAdmitting that/conceding that/in spited of the fact that/for all that（3） BecauseCo

27、nsidering that/seeing that/on the ground that/on account of the fact that/in the light of the fact that（4） IfProviding that/assuming that/in case that/supposing that（5） WhenThe instant/moment that（6） good/baddesirable/satisfactory/pleasant（7） likeappreciate/delight in/take pleasure in/be crazy about

28、（8） enoughabundant/adequate/ample/sufficient（9） manya multitude of/a mass of/a sea of（10） more and more peoplepeople in growing/increasing/significant numbers（11） most studentsan overwhelming majority of/a sizable percentage of/a significant proportion of（12） thinkharbor/hold the view（idea）that take

29、 the attitude thatIt is widely shared thatIt is universally acknowledged that（13）showDemonstrate/display/exhibit/illustrate/indicate/manifest/reveal（14）notBy no meansBy no means will he come（15）canBe competent to be be capable of doing5、 闪光词（漂亮的连词）（1） 表递进关系的词In addition/additionally/moreover/furthermore/whats