完整word版英国文学选读复习资料Word下载.docx

1、The Renaissance（文艺复兴）1.时期：during the 16th century（15501642）2.国家:Greek and Roman. Also England in drama.3.定义：The term Renaissance originally indicated a revival of classical arts and science after the dark ages of medieval obscurantism。类型：drama and canto（诗章）。5。key work： humanism - admire human beauty

2、 and human achievement。 Thomas More- Utopia in 1516。 Francis Bacon- the great English scientist and philosopher。 Christopher Marlowe- the greatest of the pioneers of English drama Edmund Spenser（埃德蒙斯宾塞）-The Faerie Queene（仙后）Chapter 5 William Shakespeare （15641616） He is the greatest of English autho

3、rs, the worlds pre-eminent dramatist. One of the first founders of realism.3。 A master hand at realistic portrayal of human characters and relations.4.四大悲剧:Hamlet Othello King Lear The Tragedy of Macbeth.创作阶段：comedy：1590-1600tragedy：16011608tragicomedies：1609-1612 22年写了37plays，2 narrative poems,154s

4、onnets.6。 Hamlet： It is the profoundest expression of Shakespeares humanism and criticism of contemporary world。 The character of Hamlet. 1。 A humanist, free from prejudices and superstitions。 Loving the world instead of the heaven。 2。 Treat people with love。 Disgusted with uncles drunkenness。 Shock

5、ed by mothers shallowness。 3. Intellectual genius。 Close observer. “ Denmark is a prison。 4. The melancholy of Hamletthe key note of Hamlets character。 He is too sophisticated to degrade his nature to the conventional role of a stage revenger。 Contrast is an important structural principle in Hamlet.

6、 Shakespeares plays are generally wellorganized, with harmony and order disbalanced at the beginning, social conflicts sharpened in the middle and harmony and order restored at the end。 Themes： Hypocrisy， treachery of the royal court and of the society as a whole。 Revenge theme （Justice by violence）

7、 Lack of faith v. love The doom of ambition The tragedy of Hamlet： An individual v. mighty evil force of the whole society7. The merchant of Venice is not tragedy.8。 sonnet 18 Shall I compare thee（你） to a summers day？1-4起，5-8承，9-12转，13-14合.simile， rhetoric question, alliteration， personification, co

8、uplet（对偶）。Themessageisthatinthisworldnobeauty（inNature）canstayexceptpoetryorart；andyouronlylastifIwriteitdownmypoetry.Alsonoticetheloveplay.Apparentlypoetaddressingamanofhisheart,wooingsoundsmorelikegameplaythananythingrealsincere.Theheretooconditionaltobegenuine. Structure： Proposal （line12） Argume

9、nt （line3-12） Conclusion （line13-14）Chapter 6 Francis Bacon-essayist1. Bacons works may be divided into three classes. The most important are the Essays。the philosophical-the advancement of learningthe literary-essaysthe professional works-maxims of the law and reading on the statute of uses. The es

10、says of Bacon are so highly esteemed。3. Great Place” is the Bacons worldlywise philosophy. Of Studies main idea:the text is that of 1；.652 editions。uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies。 writing style: brevity， compactness, powerfulness, wellarra

11、nged。The period of Revolution and Restoration（资产阶级革命与王政复辟）1.The 17th century was one of the most tempestuous（动荡）periods in England.文学特点： The Puritan Age was one of confusion, due to breaking up of old ideas。In the absence of any fixed standard of literary criticism there was nothing to prevent the e

12、xaggeration of the “metaphysical” poets（玄学派）。Poetry took new and startling form。 After that prose became somber（忧郁）。 John Milton-the indomitable Puritan spirit found its noblest expression.（约翰弥尔顿充分体现了清教徒不屈不挠的精神）Restoration（王政复辟） created a literature of its own， which was often witty（机敏） and clever，

13、but on the whole immoral（颓废） and cynical（愤世嫉俗）。 The most popular work was comedy whose chief aim was to entertain the licentious aristocrats（贵族）。 John Dryden， critic， poet and playwright was the most distinguished literary figure of that time。Chapter 8 John Milton1.Paradise Lost presents the authors

14、 view in an allegoric religious form（宗教讽喻的形式），and readers will easily discern its basic idea-the exposure（揭露） of reactionary（反革命） forces of his time and the passionate appeal for freedom.It consists twelve books。 It is marked for its intricate（结构复杂） and contradictory composition.The Age of Enlighten

15、ment（启蒙运动）-prose（散文时代）背景： 1。The Revolution of 1688， marked the end of the long struggle for political freedom in England. They have two parties： the liberal Wigs（自由派辉格党） and the conservative Tories（保守派托利党）。The Enlightenment was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeoisie（资

16、产阶级） against feudalism（封建主义）. The enlighteners fought against class inequality（阶级不平等）,stagnation（停滞），prejudices and other survivals of feudalism.3.The enlighteners repudiate（颠覆） the false religious doctrines about the viciousness（邪恶） of human nature, and prove that man is born kind and honest， and i

17、f he becomes depraved（腐败）， it is only due to the influence of corrupted social environment。流派：the reign of so called Classicism（古典主义）、the revival of romantic poetry（新兴的浪漫主义诗歌）、the beginnings of the modern novel（刚启萌的现代派小说）。主要人物： Alexander Pope, his contribution to the theory and practice of prosody：

18、elaborated certain regulations for the style of poetical works（精心设计诗歌格式） and made popular the heroic couplets（英雄双韵体诗歌）-five foot iambics rhymed in couplets（五步抑扬格对偶句）Daniel Defoe-Robinson Crusoe（1719）, it was one of the forerunners of the English realistic novel.Henry Fielding and Tobias George Smoll

19、et-the real founders of the genre of the bourgeois realistic novel.SamuelRichardson-Pamela-Themethodpsychologicalanalysis（心理分析的方法）Jonathan Swift-the most outstanding personality of the epoch of Enlightenment in England. He ruthlessly exposed the dirty mercenary essence of bourgeois relationships。The

20、 middle of the 18th century in England came a new literary current-sentimentalismThe latter half of the 18th century was the so-called pre-romanticism（前浪漫主义）。 It had a reaction against the Enlightenment, mostly in “Gothic novel（哥特式小说）The mysterious element plays an enormous role in the Gothic novel，

21、 it is so replete with bloodcurdling scenes and unnatural feelings that it is justly called “ a novel of horrors”。Chapter 10 Daniel Defoe1.He is often given the credit for the discovery of the modern novel.（开创了现代派小说的先河）Robinson Crusoe-head the list of modern fiction-an adventure story。3.60岁因鲁滨逊漂流记走红

22、。4.works：Captain Singleton， Duncan Campbell， Memoirs of a Cavalier-1720Colonel Jack, Moll Flanders, A Journal of the Plague Year（amazing realistic） -1722The Political History of the Devil-1726Chapter 11 Jonathan Swift1. the tale of a tub（木桶的故事） and Gullivers Travels（格列弗游记）-the greatest satires in th

23、e English language.2. the tale of a tub-a satire on the various churches of the day。 1704 published with The Battle of the Books（书战）。 Gullivers Travels-comprise the extraordinary adventures of Doctor Gulliver。 Also has fantastic lands visited by him, their social systems, ways and customs of their i

24、nhabitants。The features of this book: no visible sign of anger, nor raising the voice; the tone is cold, restrained， ironic, varied only by some flashes of fooling when Swifts sense of the ridiculour gets the better of him.（怒不动颜,骂不扬声,语调冷酷，锋芒暗藏，讽刺辛辣，仅在讽喻之情难以抑制时才偶露揶揄之态.）5.A Modest Proposal- is made to

25、 English government to relieve the poverty of Irish people。 The bitter irony of the pamphlet expresses swifts great sympathy for the oppressed and hungry peasants of Ireland and his anger at English landlord（地主） （强烈谴责了英国对爱尔兰人民的剥削和压迫。）书p189Chapter 13 Henry Fielding He is called “Father of English nov

26、el”。 He was the first to write a “Comic epic in prose”（散文体史诗）， and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style。2. Jonathan Wild （1743） -the story of a rogue which suggested Defoes narrative The History of Tom Jones a Founding （1749） -his best work Amelia （1751） -a story of a good wife

27、 in contrast with an unworthy husband.Part V The Romantic PeriodWith the publication of William Wordsworths Lyrical Ballads （抒情歌谣集）（1798） in collaboration with Samuel Taylor Coleridge（ST柯勒律治） 。Romanticism began to bloom and found a firm place in the history of English literature。It was greatly influ

28、enced by the Industrial Revolution（工业革命）and the French Revolution（法国大革命）It was amid these social conflicts that Romanticism arose as a main literary trend ，which prevailed in England from 1798 to 1832. It began with the publication of Lyrical Ballads and ended with Walter Scotts death（1832）。（浪漫主义作为一股新的主流文学潮流兴起，并在1798-1832年间进入兴盛时期。1798年华兹华斯的抒情歌谣集的出版标志着浪漫主义文学的开始，1832年沃尔特司各特的去世则标志着浪漫主义文学的中介）Chapter 19 William WordsworthWilliam Wordsworth （