英语阅读理解教育文化练习题20篇文档格式.docx

1、s ego-puncturing （伤自尊的） words. But lost in the uproar （喧嚣）was something we really should be taking to heart: our young people actually have no idea whether theyre particularly talented or accomplished or not. In our eagerness to elevate their self-esteem, we forgot to teach them how to realistically

2、 assess their own abilities, a crucial requirement for getting better at anything from math to music to sports. In fact, its not just privileged high-school students: we all tend to view ourselves as above average. Such inflated self-judgments have been found in study after study and its often exact

3、ly when were least competent at a given task that we rate our performance most generously, in a 2006 study published in the journal Medical Education, for example, medical students who scored the lowest on an essay test were the most charitable in their self evaluations, while high-scoring students

4、judged themselves much more strictly. Poor students, the authors note, lack insight into their own inadequacy. Why should this be? Another study, led by Cornell University psychologist David Dunning, offers an enlightening explanation. People who are incompetent, he writes with coauthor Justin Kruge

5、r, suffer from a “dual burden: theyre not good at what they do, and their very clumsiness prevents them from recognizing how bad they are. In Dunning and Krugers study, subjects scoring at the bottom on tests of logic, grammar and humor -extremely overestimated their talents. Although their test sco

6、res put them in the 12th percentile （百分位数） they guessed they were in the 62nd. What these individuals lacked （in addition 9 clear logic, proper grammar and a sense of humor） was meta cognitive skill the capacity to monitor how well theyre performing. In the absence of that capacity, the subjects arr

7、ived at an overly hopeful view of their own abilities. Theres a paradox here, the authors note: The skills that lead to competence in a particular domain are often the very same skills necessary to evaluate competence in that field? In other words, to get better at judging how well were doing at an

8、activity, we have to get better at the activity itself. There are a couple of ways out of this double bind. First, we can learn to make honest comparisons with others. Train yourself to recognize excellence, even when you yourself dont possess it, and compare what you can do against what truly excel

9、lent individuals are able to accomplish. Second, seek out feedback that is frequent, accurate and specific. Find a critic who will tell you not only how poorly youre doing, but just what it is that youre doing wrong. As Dunning and Kruger note, success indicates to us that everything went right, but

10、 failure is more ambiguous: any number of things could have gone wrong. Use this external feedback to figure out exactly where and when you screwed up. If we adopt these strategies and most importantly, teach them to our children they wont need parents, or a commencement （毕业典礼）speaker, to tell them

11、that theyre special. Theyll already know that they are, or have a plan to get that way.（1）The author thinks the real problem is that . A.no requirement is set up for young people to get betterB.we always tend to consider ourselves to be privilegedC.we dont know whether our young people are talented

12、or notD.young people dont know how to assess their abilities realistically（2）We can infer from the passage that those high-scoring students A.know how to cultivate clear logic and proper grammarB.tend to be very competent in their high-scoring fieldsC.dont view themselves as competent because they k

13、now their limitsD.dont know how well they perform due to their strict self-judgement（3）The strategies of becoming special suggest that A.we need internal honesty with ourselves and external honesty from othersB.the best way to get better is to carefully study past success and failureC.through compar

14、ison with others, one will know where and when he failsD.neither parents nor a commencement speaker can tell whether one is special（4）Which can be the best title of this passage?A.Tip On Making Ourselves More SpecialB.Lets Admit That We Are Not That SpecialC.Special or Not? Teach Kids To Figure It O

15、utD.Tell The Truth: Kids Overestimate their Talents【答案】 （1）D（2）B（3）A（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，是特殊或者不是？我们要教会孩子理解它。作者认为真正的问题是年轻人不知道如何现实地评估自己的能力。想要变得特别，我们需要对自己诚实和他人对我们的诚实。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“But lost in the uproar （喧嚣）was something we really should be taking to heart:re particularly talented or accomplished

16、 or not. In our eagerness to elevate their self-esteem, we forgot to teach them how to realistically assess their own abilities”,可知作者认为人们应该在喧嚣之后记住：现在的年轻人不知道他们究竟有没有天赋，其根本原因是他们不知道如何实际地评估自己的能力。故选D。 （2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“suffer from a “dual burdenre not good at what they do, and their very clumsiness preven

17、ts them from recognizing how bad they are.”得低分的学生遭受着双重负担，即他们不擅长自己所做的，并且他们的笨拙让他们无法意识到自己有多差。由此可推断，得高分的学生擅长自己所作的。故选B。 （3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“First, we can learn to make honest comparisons with others. 和Find a critic who will tell you not only how poorly youre doing wrong.”可知我们要学会诚实地将自己和他人进行比较，也需要一个人将我们做的不

18、好的，以及做错了什么如实相告。由此可推测变得特别的策略表明我们需要对自己诚实，也需要别人对我们诚实。故选A。 （4）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段“If we adopt these strategies and most importantly, teach them to our children they wonll already know that they are, or have a plan to get that way.”可知教会了孩子文中提到的策略，孩子就可以知道他们自己是否特别，或者已经在变得特别的路上。故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考

19、查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 The arts, especially music, should be part of every schools lessons at every grade level. Students would be much smarter if they had some musical experience. They could improve their classroom skills, like paying attention and fol

20、lowing directions. People develop all these skills when they learn music. Making music also lets children use their imagination. It provides students with a chance to try out their own ideas. Music not only makes children better students, but also gives them something positive to do. In a music prog

21、ram, children can be part of a band instead of joining a gang（团伙）. Parents can enjoy listening to their childrens music instead of seeing them glued to a computer or TV screen. In a school band, students get to be part of a team. They can get along well with old friends and make new friends through

22、music. Music builds self-confidence, too. It gives children a sense of achievement and success. Making music is something for them to be proud of, and it lets kids practice performing in front of an audience. Music gives children an opportunity for self-expression, and that helps develop their self-

23、confidence. Once again, music is important because it can make children better students, give them something positive to do, and build their character. That is why music should be offered in every single grade in every school.（1）According to the passage, music could make students smarter by _. A.imp

24、roving their classroom skills and paying attentionB.improving their classroom skills and imaginationC.improving their attention, direction and imaginationD.learning music, making music and trying out their own ideas（2）What does the underlined phrase glued to in the second paragraph mean?A.unwilling

25、to turn onB.always lookingC.unwilling to leaveD.always playing（3）The third paragraph mainly tells us that music could _. A.give children self-expression and self-confidenceB.bring to children achievement and successC.give children something to be proud ofD.develop childrens self-confidence（4）Whats t

26、he best title of this passage?A.Music is a must as a course at school.B.Music builds childrens self-confidence.C.Music makes students much smarter.D.Learning music and making music.【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文介绍了音乐在学生的成长过程中不容忽视的作用，应该被列为学校里的一门必修课程音乐不但能够提高学生们的注意力和服从指挥的能力，而且也能让学生发挥想象力，培养他们的创造

27、能力。根据第一段中的“They could improve their classroom skills”和“Making music also lets children use their imagination”可知，音乐通过提高学生的课堂技能和发挥他们的想象力，使其更加聪明。 （2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Parents can enjoy listening to their childrens music instead of seeing them glued to a computer or TV screen.”家长们能享受孩子们的音乐，而不是看他们不愿离开电脑或电视。

28、glue的原意“似胶般固着于”，这里引申为“不愿离开”。 （3）考查段落大意。 根据第三段中的“Music builds self-confidence, too.”音乐也建立自信可知, 故选D。 第一段中的“The arts, especially music, should be part of every schools lessons at every grade level.”即本篇文章的主题句。根据概括标题需遵循“征对性、概括性、醒目性”的原则可知A为最佳答案，故选A。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，段落大意和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信

29、息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 Ask any new college graduate about his immediate goals, and it is likely that he will tell you he wants a job. But it turns out that todays students are not going to be satisfied with any job. According to the latest survey, making a difference throug

30、h their work is essential（必要的） to young peoples happiness. The survey found that 72 percent of graduating college seniors believe being able to have a positive social influence through their work is essential to their happiness. Making a difference is so important to them that 45 percent say they would take a 15 percent pay cut to work at an organization that has a social or env