英语阅读理解教育文化练习题20篇文档格式.docx
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sego-puncturing（伤自尊的）words.Butlostintheuproar（喧嚣）wassomethingwereallyshouldbetakingtoheart:
ouryoungpeopleactuallyhavenoideawhetherthey'
reparticularlytalentedoraccomplishedornot.Inoureagernesstoelevatetheirself-esteem,weforgottoteachthemhowtorealisticallyassesstheirownabilities,acrucialrequirementforgettingbetteratanythingfrommathtomusictosports.Infact,it'
snotjustprivilegedhigh-schoolstudents:
wealltendtoviewourselvesasaboveaverage.
Suchinflatedself-judgmentshavebeenfoundinstudyafterstudyandit'
softenexactlywhenwe'
releastcompetentatagiventaskthatwerateourperformancemostgenerously,ina2006studypublishedinthejournalMedicalEducation,forexample,medicalstudentswhoscoredthelowestonanessaytestwerethemostcharitableintheirselfevaluations,whilehigh-scoringstudentsjudgedthemselvesmuchmorestrictly.Poorstudents,theauthorsnote,"
lackinsight"
intotheirowninadequacy.Whyshouldthisbe?
Anotherstudy,ledbyCornellUniversitypsychologistDavidDunning,offersanenlighteningexplanation.Peoplewhoareincompetent,hewriteswithcoauthorJustinKruger,sufferfroma“dualburden"
:
they'
renotgoodatwhattheydo,andtheirveryclumsinesspreventsthemfromrecognizinghowbadtheyare.
InDunningandKruger'
sstudy,subjectsscoringatthebottomontestsoflogic,grammarandhumor-extremelyoverestimated'
'
theirtalents.Althoughtheirtestscoresputtheminthe12thpercentile（百分位数）theyguessedtheywereinthe62nd.Whattheseindividualslacked（inaddition9clearlogic,propergrammarandasenseofhumor）was"
metacognitiveskill"
thecapacitytomonitorhowwellthey'
reperforming.Intheabsenceofthatcapacity,thesubjectsarrivedatanoverlyhopefulviewoftheirownabilities.There'
saparadoxhere,theauthorsnote:
Theskillsthatleadtocompetenceinaparticulardomainareoftentheverysameskillsnecessarytoevaluatecompetenceinthatfield?
Inotherwords,togetbetteratjudginghowwellwe'
redoingatanactivity,wehavetogetbetterattheactivityitself.
Thereareacoupleofwaysoutofthisdoublebind.First,wecanlearntomakehonestcomparisonswithothers.Trainyourselftorecognizeexcellence,evenwhenyouyourselfdon'
tpossessit,andcomparewhatyoucandoagainstwhattrulyexcellentindividualsareabletoaccomplish.Second,seekoutfeedbackthatisfrequent,accurateandspecific.Findacriticwhowilltellyounotonlyhowpoorlyyou'
redoing,butjustwhatitisthatyou'
redoingwrong.AsDunningandKrugernote,successindicatestousthateverythingwentright,butfailureismoreambiguous:
anynumberofthingscouldhavegonewrong.Usethisexternalfeedbacktofigureoutexactlywhereandwhenyouscrewedup.
Ifweadoptthesestrategies—andmostimportantly,teachthemtoourchildren—theywon'
tneedparents,oracommencement（毕业典礼）speaker,totellthemthatthey'
respecial.They'
llalreadyknowthattheyare,orhaveaplantogetthatway.
（1）Theauthorthinkstherealproblemisthat
.
A.norequirementissetupforyoungpeopletogetbetter
B.wealwaystendtoconsiderourselvestobeprivileged
C.wedon'
tknowwhetherouryoungpeoplearetalentedornot
D.youngpeopledon'
tknowhowtoassesstheirabilitiesrealistically
（2）Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthosehigh-scoringstudents
A.knowhowtocultivateclearlogicandpropergrammar
B.tendtobeverycompetentintheirhigh-scoringfields
C.don'
tviewthemselvesascompetentbecausetheyknowtheirlimits
D.don'
tknowhowwelltheyperformduetotheirstrictself-judgement
（3）Thestrategiesofbecomingspecialsuggestthat
A.weneedinternalhonestywithourselvesandexternalhonestyfromothers
B.thebestwaytogetbetteristocarefullystudypastsuccessandfailure
C.throughcomparisonwithothers,onewillknowwhereandwhenhefails
D.neitherparentsnoracommencementspeakercantellwhetheroneisspecial
（4）Whichcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?
A.TipOnMakingOurselvesMoreSpecial
B.Let'
sAdmitThatWeAreNotThatSpecial
C.SpecialorNot?
TeachKidsToFigureItOut
D.TellTheTruth:
KidsOverestimatetheirTalents
【答案】
（1）D
（2）B
（3）A
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，是特殊或者不是？
我们要教会孩子理解它。
作者认为真正的问题是年轻人不知道如何现实地评估自己的能力。
想要变得特别，我们需要对自己诚实和他人对我们的诚实。
（1）考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Butlostintheuproar（喧嚣）wassomethingwereallyshouldbetakingtoheart:
reparticularlytalentedoraccomplishedornot.Inoureagernesstoelevatetheirself-esteem,weforgottoteachthemhowtorealisticallyassesstheirownabilities”,可知作者认为人们应该在喧嚣之后记住：
现在的年轻人不知道他们究竟有没有天赋，其根本原因是他们不知道如何实际地评估自己的能力。
故选D。
（2）考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“sufferfroma“dualburden"
renotgoodatwhattheydo,andtheirveryclumsinesspreventsthemfromrecognizinghowbadtheyare.”得低分的学生遭受着双重负担，即他们不擅长自己所做的，并且他们的笨拙让他们无法意识到自己有多差。
由此可推断，得高分的学生擅长自己所作的。
故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。
根据倒数第二段中的“First,wecanlearntomakehonestcomparisonswithothers.和Findacriticwhowilltellyounotonlyhowpoorlyyou'
redoingwrong.”可知我们要学会诚实地将自己和他人进行比较，也需要一个人将我们做的不好的，以及做错了什么如实相告。
由此可推测变得特别的策略表明我们需要对自己诚实，也需要别人对我们诚实。
故选A。
（4）考查主旨大意。
根据最后一段“Ifweadoptthesestrategies—andmostimportantly,teachthemtoourchildren—theywon'
llalreadyknowthattheyare,orhaveaplantogetthatway.”可知教会了孩子文中提到的策略，孩子就可以知道他们自己是否特别，或者已经在变得特别的路上。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
Thearts,especiallymusic,shouldbepartofeveryschool'
slessonsateverygradelevel.Studentswouldbemuchsmarteriftheyhadsomemusicalexperience.Theycouldimprovetheirclassroomskills,likepayingattentionandfollowingdirections.Peopledevelopalltheseskillswhentheylearnmusic.Makingmusicalsoletschildrenusetheirimagination.Itprovidesstudentswithachancetotryouttheirownideas.
Musicnotonlymakeschildrenbetterstudents,butalsogivesthemsomethingpositivetodo.Inamusicprogram,childrencanbepartofabandinsteadofjoiningagang（团伙）.Parentscanenjoylisteningtotheirchildren'
smusicinsteadofseeingthemgluedtoacomputerorTVscreen.Inaschoolband,studentsgettobepartofateam.Theycangetalongwellwitholdfriendsandmakenewfriendsthroughmusic.
Musicbuildsself-confidence,too.Itgiveschildrenasenseofachievementandsuccess.Makingmusicissomethingforthemtobeproudof,anditletskidspracticeperforminginfrontofanaudience.Musicgiveschildrenanopportunityforself-expression,andthathelpsdeveloptheirself-confidence.
Onceagain,musicisimportantbecauseitcanmakechildrenbetterstudents,givethemsomethingpositivetodo,andbuildtheircharacter.Thatiswhymusicshouldbeofferedineverysinglegradeineveryschool.
（1）Accordingtothepassage,musiccouldmakestudentssmarterby_______________.
A.improvingtheirclassroomskillsandpayingattention
B.improvingtheirclassroomskillsandimagination
C.improvingtheirattention,directionandimagination
D.learningmusic,makingmusicandtryingouttheirownideas
（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"
gluedto"
inthesecondparagraphmean?
A.unwillingtoturnon
B.alwayslooking
C.unwillingtoleave
D.alwaysplaying
（3）Thethirdparagraphmainlytellsusthatmusiccould_______________.
A.givechildrenself-expressionandself-confidence
B.bringtochildrenachievementandsuccess
C.givechildrensomethingtobeproudof
D.developchildren'
sself-confidence
（4）What'
sthebesttitleofthispassage?
A.Musicisamustasacourseatschool.
B.Musicbuildschildren'
sself-confidence.
C.Musicmakesstudentsmuchsmarter.
D.Learningmusicandmakingmusic.
【答案】
（1）B
（2）C
（3）D
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文介绍了音乐在学生的成长过程中不容忽视的作用，应该被列为学校里的一门必修课程．音乐不但能够提高学生们的注意力和服从指挥的能力，而且也能让学生发挥想象力，培养他们的创造能力。
根据第一段中的“Theycouldimprovetheirclassroomskills”和“Makingmusicalsoletschildrenusetheirimagination”可知，音乐通过提高学生的课堂技能和发挥他们的想象力，使其更加聪明。
（2）考查词义猜测。
根据第二段中的“Parentscanenjoylisteningtotheirchildren'
smusicinsteadofseeingthemgluedtoacomputerorTVscreen.”家长们能享受孩子们的音乐，而不是看他们不愿离开电脑或电视。
glue的原意“似胶般固着于”，这里引申为“不愿离开”。
（3）考查段落大意。
根据第三段中的“Musicbuildsself-confidence,too.”音乐也建立自信可知,故选D。
第一段中的“Thearts,especiallymusic,shouldbepartofeveryschool'
slessonsateverygradelevel.”即本篇文章的主题句。
根据概括标题需遵循“征对性、概括性、醒目性”的原则可知A为最佳答案，故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，段落大意和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
Askanynewcollegegraduateabouthisimmediategoals,anditislikelythathewilltellyouhewantsajob.Butitturnsoutthattoday'
sstudentsarenotgoingtobesatisfiedwithanyjob.Accordingtothelatestsurvey,makingadifferencethroughtheirworkisessential（必要的）toyoungpeople'
shappiness.
Thesurveyfoundthat72percentofgraduatingcollegeseniorsbelievebeingabletohaveapositivesocialinfluencethroughtheirworkisessentialtotheirhappiness.Makingadifferenceissoimportanttothemthat45percentsaytheywouldtakea15percentpaycuttoworkatanorganizationthathasasocialorenv
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