远卓浙江宁波韵升Automotive ProfileWord文件下载.docx

1、1996124,612,78773,680,872198,293,4591997124,672,92076,397,477201,070,3971998125,965,70979,076,930205,042,6391999126,868,74482,640,417209,509,1612000127,720,80985,578,504213,299,313Source: Automotive News, PolkVehicle Fleet Age（Median Age）Cars7.97.78.17.88.37.67.26.9U.S. Vehicles per Population （2000

2、）Total VehiclesPopulationCars per 1,000 PeopleTotal Vehicles per 1,000 People281,421,906599758 Automotive News/U.S. Bureau of the CensusU.S. Motor Vehicle Production（units）20015,933,9215,554,3735,637,9495,542,7454,881,717Light Trucks5,831,4386,046,2166,954,3506,838,4116,288,900Total Lt. Vehicles 11,

3、765,35911,600,58912,592,29912,380,62811,170,617Medium/Heavy Trucks337,716374,342431,868390,804256,136Total Vehicles*12,130,57512,002,66313,024,97812,773,71411,426,753 Ward=s Automotive, *total vehicles includes some additional other trucks. U.S. Motor Vehicle Sales8,525,7548,272,0748,141,7218,698,28

4、48,846,9666,533,9136,814,5447,401,2868,195,2548,503,13015,059,66715,086,61815,543,00716,893,53817,350,096Med./Heavy Trucks170,009376,139424,280521,190461,918Total Motor Vehicles15,229,67615,462,75715,967,28717,414,72817,812,014 Ward=s AutomotiveAutomotive Industry Employment（in thousands of people）M

5、otor VehiclesParts and AccessoriesAuto Industry Total385.3764.11,149.4388.6773.61,162.2388.3778.81,167.1400.2791.91,192.1394.91,186.8 U.S. Dept of Labor/Bureau of Labor StatisticsSection 2. Trade EnvironmentThe United States is one of the most open automotive markets in the world, with low tariffs o

6、n passenger vehicles and auto parts. The tariff rate for passenger vehicles is 2.5 percent. The tariff rate for trucks is 25 percent. Tariffs on auto parts vary, with a simple average rate of 2.8 percent. In 2001, U.S. automotive imports were valued at $188 billion. In addition, automotive products

7、are an important export for the United States, with exports of $75 billion in 2001.The United States is pursuing a free trade strategy for automotive products in a variety of fora, including global efforts in the World Trade Organization, and regional efforts such as the North American Free Trade Ag

8、reement and the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation （APEC） forum.TariffsU.S. Tariff RatesBoundAppliedPassenger Vehicles* （87.03）2.5%Trucks （87.04）25%Buses （87.02）2%Complete Engines （84.07, 87.08）Body Stampings （87.0829）Transaxles/Transmissions （87.0850）Remainder of 8708*For the purposes of assessing t

9、ariffs, passenger cars are defined as vehicles which are primarily intended for the transport of passengers. This category includes the light trucks commonly referred to as Minivans and Sport Utility Vehicles （SUVs）, but not light-duty pick-up trucks.Customs ProceduresVehicles imported into the Unit

10、ed States are required to meet federally mandated safety and emission standards. It is the responsibility of the vehicle manufacturer to ensure that its vehicles meet these standards. Vehicles must be appropriately labeled and accompanied by documentation verifying compliance with federal regulation

11、s.Import RestrictionsImport Licenses-None.QuotasBansInvestment RequirementsLocal/Regional Content ProvisionsThe United States does not have a local content requirement specifying a certain threshold that must be exceeded in order for vehicles to be manufactured and/or sold in the United States. Whil

12、e certain trade agreements and legislative provisions do contain rules of origin, none of them bar entry to the U.S. market. For example the Corporate Average Fuel Economy （CAFE） law requires vehicle manufacturers to separate their fleets into domestic （made within the NAFTA region） and import categ

13、ories, based upon content. Each fleet must meet the fuel economy standards set by the law （see section 4.） Also, the American Automobile Labeling Act requires that new vehicles must be labeled as to their North American content percentage at the time of sale. No specific content level is required by

14、 the labeling act.Equity Restrictions/RequirementsProfit Repatriation RequirementsForeign Exchange Balancing Provisions/RequirementsExport Incentives/Trade Balancing RequirementsNone.Regional Trade ArrangementsNorth American Free Trade Agreement （NAFTA）The NAFTA, signed in 1995, is a wide ranging ag

15、reement, covering trade between the Canada, Mexico and the United States. Under the agreement trade barriers are scheduled to be gradually phased out, with the goal of free trade between the three countries. In the case of the auto industry, the NAFTA lifts restrictions over a ten year period except

16、 for used auto imports into Mexico, which are quota controlled through 2019. The trade restrictions which are being phased out include areas such as tariffs, Mexican local content provisions and Mexican trade balancing requirements.Manufacturing Free Trade ZonesForeign-trade zones are secure areas u

17、nder U.S. Customs supervision that are considered outside the Customs territory of the United States. Located in or near U.S. Customs ports of entry, they are the U.S. version of what are known internationally as free trade zones. Foreign and domestic merchandise may be moved into zones for activiti

18、es not otherwise prohibited by law involving storage, exhibition, assembly, manufacturing, and processing. All zone activity, especially manufacturing, is subject to public interest review. Under zone procedures the usual formal Customs entry procedure and payment of duties is not required on the fo

19、reign merchandise unless and until it enters U.S. Customs territory for domestic consumption, in which case the importer normally has a choice of paying duties either on the original foreign materials or the finished product. Domestic goods moved into a zone for export are considered exported upon e

20、ntering the zone for purposes of excise tax rebates and drawback. As of 1996, there were 220 U.S. communities in 49 states with foreign trade zones. All foreign affiliated and U.S. owned auto manufacturers used foreign-trade zones.Duty Draw Back ArrangementsU.S. firms that import materials or components that they