全国考研英语真题原文及答案Word下载.docx

1、research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species weve left in thedust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. This is12 the mind of every animal Ive ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments a

2、nimalswould 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14 , is running asmall-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that 15 animals ran the labs, theywould test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain.1They would try to decide what i

3、ntelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much ofit there is. 18 , they would hope to study a 19 question: Are humans actually aware of theworld they live in? 20 the results are inconclusive.1.A Suppose B Consider C Observe D Imagine2.A tended B feared C happened D threatened3.A thinner B

4、stabler C lighter D dimmer4.A tendency B advantage C inclination D priority5.A insists on B sums up C turns out D puts forward6.A off B behind C over D along7.A incredible B spontaneous Cinevitable D gradual8.A fight B doubt C stop D think9.A invisible B limited C indefinite D different10.A upward B

5、 forward C afterward D backward11.A features B influences C results D costs12.A outside B on C by D across13.A deliver B carry C perform D apply14.A by chance B in contrast C as usual D for instance15.A if B unless C as D lest16.A moderate B overcome C determine D reach17.A at B for C after D with18

6、.A Above all B After all C However D Otherwise19.A fundamental B comprehensive C equivalent D hostile220. A By accident B In time C So far D Better stillSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ARead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C or D. Mark your answer

7、s on ANSWER SHEET 1. （40 points）Text1Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains onauto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. Not choice, buthabit rules the unreflecting herd, William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In theever-changi

8、ng 21st century, even the word habit carries a negative connotation.So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity andinnovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop newhabits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely ne

9、w brain cells, that can jumpour trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.But dont bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn intothe hippocampus, theyre there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain intoourselves create parallel pathways that ca

10、n bypass those old roads.The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder, says DawnaMarkova, author of The Open Mind and an executive change consultant for ProfessionalThinking Partners. But we are taught instead to decide, just as our president calls3himself the Decider. She adds

11、, however, that to decide is to kill off all possibilities butone. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.All of us work through problems in ways of which were unaware, she says.Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to appro

12、achchallenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally （or collaboratively）and innovatively. At puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity,preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the firstdecade or so of life.The current em

13、phasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure,meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought.This breaks the major rule in the American belief system - that anyone can do anything,explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This Year I Wil

14、l. and Ms. Markovasbusiness partner. Thats a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness.Knowing what youre good at and doing even more of it creates excellence. This is wheredeveloping new habits comes in.21.The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by being A. casual B. familiar C. mecha

15、nical D. changeable.22.The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can be A. predicted B. regulated C. traced D. guided23. ruts（in line one, paragraph 3） has closest meaning to A. tracks B. series C. characteristics D. connections24.Ms. Markovas comments suggest that the practice of

16、standard testing ?4A, prevents new habits form being formedB, no longer emphasizes commonnessC, maintains the inherent American thinking modelD, complies with the American belief system25.Ryan most probably agree that A. ideas are born of a relaxing mind B. innovativeness could be taughtC. decisiven

17、ess derives from fantastic ideas D. curiosity activates creative mindsText 2It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal（fatherly） wisdom - or at least confirm that hes the kids dad. All he needs to do is shell our$30 for paternity testing kit （PTK） at his loc

18、al drugstore - and another $120 to get theresults.More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become availablewithout prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer ofIdentigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sellD

19、NA tests Directly to the public , ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than$2500.Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children canuse to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-andsupports businesses that offer t

20、o search for a familys geographic roots .5Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to thecompany for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.But some observers are skeptical, There is a kind of false precision being hawked by

21、people claiming they are doing ancestry testing, says Trey Duster, a New York Universitysociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundredsjust a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, eitherthe Y chromosome inherited throug

22、h men in a fathers line or mitochondrial DNA, which apassed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only oneor two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also havesix other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-gre

23、at-grandparents.Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the referencecollections to which asample is compared. Databasesusedby somecompaniesdontrely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from differentresearch projects.Thismeansthat a DNA

24、 databasemaydiffer dependingonthecompany that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company usesto estimate relationshipsmay bepatented and not subjectto peerreview oroutsideevaluation.26.In paragraphs 1 and 2 , the text shows PTKs _.Aeasy availabilityBflexibility in pricingCsu

25、ccessful promotionDpopularity with households627.PTK is used to _. Alocate ones birth place Bpromote genetic research C identify parent-child kinshipD choose children for adoption28.Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to_. Atrace distant ancestorsB rebuild reliable bloodlines C f

26、ully use genetic informationD achieve the claimed accuracy29.In the last paragraph ,a problem commercial genetic testing faces is _. Adisorganized data collectionB overlapping database building30.An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be_.AFors and Againsts of DNA testingBDNA testing and Its problems CDNA testing outside the labDlies behind DNA testingText 3The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries iswidely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike