全国考研英语真题原文及答案Word下载.docx
《全国考研英语真题原文及答案Word下载.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《全国考研英语真题原文及答案Word下载.docx（32页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。
research.Ilikeit.Insteadofcastingawistfulglance10atallthespecieswe'
veleftinthe
dustI.Q.-wise,itimplicitlyaskswhatthereal11ofourownintelligencemightbe.Thisis
12themindofeveryanimalI'
veevermet.
Researchonanimalintelligencealsomakesmewonderwhatexperimentsanimals
would13onhumansiftheyhadthechance.Everycatwithanowner,14,isrunninga
small-scalestudyinoperantconditioning.webelievethat15animalsranthelabs,they
wouldtestusto16thelimitsofourpatience,ourfaithfulness,ourmemoryforterrain.
1
Theywouldtrytodecidewhatintelligenceinhumansisreally17,notmerelyhowmuchof
itthereis.18,theywouldhopetostudya19question:
Arehumansactuallyawareofthe
worldtheylivein?
20theresultsareinconclusive.
1.[A]Suppose[B]Consider[C]Observe[D]Imagine
2.[A]tended[B]feared[C]happened[D]threatened
3.[A]thinner[B]stabler[C]lighter[D]dimmer
4.[A]tendency[B]advantage[C]inclination[D]priority
5.[A]insistson[B]sumsup[C]turnsout[D]putsforward
6.[A]off[B]behind[C]over[D]along
7.[A]incredible[B]spontaneous[C]inevitable[D]gradual
8.[A]fight[B]doubt[C]stop[D]think
9.[A]invisible[B]limited[C]indefinite[D]different
10.[A]upward[B]forward[C]afterward[D]backward
11.[A]features[B]influences[C]results[D]costs
12.[A]outside[B]on[C]by[D]across
13.[A]deliver[B]carry[C]perform[D]apply
14.[A]bychance[B]incontrast[C]asusual[D]forinstance
15.[A]if[B]unless[C]as[D]lest
16.[A]moderate[B]overcome[C]determine[D]reach
17.[A]at[B]for[C]after[D]with
18.[A]Aboveall[B]Afterall[C]However[D]Otherwise
19.[A]fundamental[B]comprehensive[C]equivalent[D]hostile
2
20.[A]Byaccident[B]Intime[C]Sofar[D]Betterstill
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,
CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）
Text1
Habitsareafunnything.Wereachforthemmindlessly,settingourbrainson
auto-pilotandrelaxingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffamiliarroutine."
Notchoice,but
habitrulestheunreflectingherd,"
WilliamWordsworthsaidinthe19thcentury.Inthe
ever-changing21stcentury,eventheword"
habit"
carriesanegativeconnotation.
Soitseemsantitheticaltotalkabouthabitsinthesamecontextascreativityand
innovation.Butbrainresearchershavediscoveredthatwhenweconsciouslydevelopnew
habits,wecreateparallelsynapticpaths,andevenentirelynewbraincells,thatcanjump
ourtrainsofthoughtontonew,innovativetracks.
Butdon'
tbothertryingtokilloffoldhabits;
oncethoserutsofprocedureareworninto
thehippocampus,they'
retheretostay.Instead,thenewhabitswedeliberatelyingraininto
ourselvescreateparallelpathwaysthatcanbypassthoseoldroads.
"
Thefirstthingneededforinnovationisafascinationwithwonder,"
saysDawna
Markova,authorof"
TheOpenMind"
andanexecutivechangeconsultantforProfessional
ThinkingPartners."
Butwearetaughtinsteadto'
decide,'
justasourpresidentcalls
3
himself'
theDecider.'
"
Sheadds,however,that"
todecideistokilloffallpossibilitiesbut
one.Agoodinnovationalthinkerisalwaysexploringthemanyotherpossibilities."
Allofusworkthroughproblemsinwaysofwhichwe'
reunaware,shesays.
Researchersinthelate1960coveredthathumansarebornwiththecapacitytoapproach
challengesinfourprimaryways:
analytically,procedurally,relationally（orcollaboratively）
andinnovatively.Atpuberty,however,thebrainshutsdownhalfofthatcapacity,
preservingonlythosemodesofthoughtthathaveseemedmostvaluableduringthefirst
decadeorsooflife.
Thecurrentemphasisonstandardizedtestinghighlightsanalysisandprocedure,
meaningthatfewofusinherentlyuseourinnovativeandcollaborativemodesofthought.
ThisbreaksthemajorruleintheAmericanbeliefsystem-thatanyonecandoanything,"
explainsM.J.Ryan,authorofthe2006book"
ThisYearIWill..."
andMs.Markova'
s
businesspartner."
That'
saliethatwehaveperpetuated,anditfosterscommonness.
Knowingwhatyou'
regoodatanddoingevenmoreofitcreatesexcellence."
Thisiswhere
developingnewhabitscomesin.
21.TheviewofWordsworthhabitisclaimedbybeingA.casualB.familiarC.mechanicalD.changeable.
22.TheresearchershavediscoveredthattheformationofhabitcanbeA.predictedB.regulatedC.tracedD.guided
23."
ruts"
（inlineone,paragraph3）hasclosestmeaningtoA.tracksB.seriesC.characteristicsD.connections
24.Ms.Markova'
scommentssuggestthatthepracticeofstandardtesting?
4
A,preventsnewhabitsformbeingformed
B,nolongeremphasizescommonness
C,maintainstheinherentAmericanthinkingmodel
D,complieswiththeAmericanbeliefsystem
25.RyanmostprobablyagreethatA.ideasarebornofarelaxingmindB.innovativenesscouldbetaught
C.decisivenessderivesfromfantasticideasD.curiosityactivatescreativeminds
Text2
Itisawisefatherthatknowshisownchild,buttodayamancanboosthispaternal
（fatherly）wisdom-oratleastconfirmthathe'
sthekid'
sdad.Allheneedstodoisshellour
$30forpaternitytestingkit（PTK）athislocaldrugstore-andanother$120togetthe
results.
Morethan60,000peoplehavepurchasedthePTKssincetheyfirstbecomeavailable
withoutprescriptionslastyears,accordingtoDougFog,chiefoperatingofficerof
Identigene,whichmakestheover-the-counterkits.Morethantwodozencompaniessell
DNAtestsDirectlytothepublic,ranginginpricefromafewhundreddollarstomorethan
$2500.
Amongthemostpopular:
paternityandkinshiptesting,whichadoptedchildrencan
usetofindtheirbiologicalrelativesandlatestrageamanypassionategenealogists-and
supportsbusinessesthatoffertosearchforafamily'
sgeographicroots.
5
Mosttestsrequirecollectingcellsbywebbingsalivainthemouthandsendingittothe
companyfortesting.AlltestsrequireapotentialcandidatewithwhomtocompareDNA.
Butsomeobserversareskeptical,"
Thereisakindoffalseprecisionbeinghawkedby
peopleclaimingtheyaredoingancestrytesting,"
saysTreyDuster,aNewYorkUniversity
sociologist.Henotesthateachindividualhasmanyancestors-numberinginthehundreds
justafewcenturiesback.Yetmostancestrytestingonlyconsidersasinglelineage,either
theYchromosomeinheritedthroughmeninafather'
slineormitochondrialDNA,whicha
passeddownonlyfrommothers.ThisDNAcanrevealgeneticinformationaboutonlyone
ortwoancestors,eventhough,forexample,justthreegenerationsbackpeoplealsohave
sixothergreat-grandparentsor,fourgenerationsback,14othergreat-great-grandparents.
Criticsalsoarguethatcommercialgenetictestingisonlyasgoodasthereference
collectionstowhicha
sampleiscompared.Databases
used
bysome
companies
don'
t
relyondatacollectedsystematicallybutratherlumptogetherinformationfromdifferent
researchprojects.
This
means
thataDNAdatabase
may
differdepending
on
the
companythatprocessestheresults.Inaddition,thecomputerprogramsacompanyuses
toestimaterelationships
maybe
patentedandnotsubject
topeer
reviewor
outside
evaluation.
26.Inparagraphs1and2,thetextshowsPTK'
s___________.
[A]easyavailability
[B]flexibilityinpricing
[C]successfulpromotion
[D]popularitywithhouseholds
6
27.PTKisusedto__________.[A]locateone'
sbirthplace[B]promotegeneticresearch[C]identifyparent-childkinship
[D]choosechildrenforadoption
28.Skepticalobserversbelievethatancestrytestingfailsto__________.[A]tracedistantancestors
[B]rebuildreliablebloodlines[C]fullyusegeneticinformation
[D]achievetheclaimedaccuracy
29.Inthelastparagraph,aproblemcommercialgenetictestingfacesis__________.[A]disorganizeddatacollection
[B]overlappingdatabasebuilding
30.Anappropriatetitleforthetextismostlikelytobe__________.
[A]ForsandAgainstsofDNAtesting
[B]DNAtestingandIt'
sproblems[C]DNAtestingoutsidethelab
[D]liesbehindDNAtesting
Text3
Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesis
widelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike
升级会员 