考研英语二真题及答案完美打印版Word格式.docx

1、B. OtherwiseC. HoweverD. Besides2. A. CaresB. warnsC. reducesD. helps3. A. SolelyB. occasionallyC. formallyD. initially4. A. LoweringB. explainingC. acceptingD. recording5. A. SetB. reviewC. reachD. modify6. A. DepictionB. distributionC. predictionD. definition7. A. Regardless ofB. aside fromC. alon

2、g withD. due to8. A. RigidB. preciseC. immediateD. orderly9. A. judgmentsB. reasonsC. methodsD. claims10. A. ThoughB. againC. indeedD. instead11. A. TrackB. overlookC. concealD. report12. A. Approval ofB. hold ontoC. account forD. depend on13. A. ShareB. adjustC. confirmD. prepare14. FeaturesB. rule

3、sC. testsD. results15. A. AnxiousB. hungryC. sickD. bored16. A. SecretB. beliefC. signD. principle17. A. NecessityB. decisionC. wishD. request18. A. SurprisingB. restrictingC. consumingD. disappointing19. A. BecauseB. unlessC. untilD. if20. A. DominatingB. puzzlingC. triumphingD. obsessingSection II

4、 Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction

5、 with a childs growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children arent born knowing how to say “Im sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friendsand their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to b

6、e a good thing: A child who claims responsibility for knocking over a tower and tries to rebuild it is engaging in behavior thats not only reparative but also prosocial.In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It evokes Freuds ideas and religious hang-ups. More important, g

7、uilt is deeply uncomfortableits the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Who would inflict it upon a child? Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” Vaish says, adding that this

8、 revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions arent binaryfeelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness （think mania） can be destructive.And guilt, by pr

9、ompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to atone for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology profess

10、or at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy （and its close cousin empathy） may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy m

11、ay make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study, for example, Malti and a colleague looked at 244 children, ages 4, 8, and 12. Using caregiver assessments and the childrens

12、self-observations, they rated each childs overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions （like guilt and sadness） after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed stickers and chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympat

13、hy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadnt magically become more sympathetic to the other childs deprivation.“Thats good news,” Malti says. “We can be prosocial because of our empathetic proclivity

14、, or because we caused harm and we feel regret.”21. Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help .A. regulate a childs basic emotionsB. improve a childs intellectual abilityC. intensify a childs positive feelingsD. foster a childs moral development22. According to Paragraph 2

15、, many people still guilt to be .A. deceptive B. addictive C. burdensome D. inexcusable23. Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that .A. an emotion can play opposing rolesB. emotions are socially constructiveC. emotional stability can benefit healthD. emotions are cont

16、ext -independent24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing .A. may help correct emotional deficienciesB. can bring about emotional satisfactionC. can result from either sympathy or guiltD. may be the outcome of impulsive acts25. The word “transgressions” （line4 para5） is closest in

17、 meaning to .A. wrongdoingsB. discussionsC. restrictionsD. teachingsText 2Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the harder challenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability t

18、o do so. The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully, there is a way out of this trapbut it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable carbon sinks long into the future may require reducing th

19、eir capacity to sequester carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.The states proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest, including by controlled burning. This

20、temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forests capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off bark beetles. The landscape is rendered less combus

21、tible. Even in the event of a fire, fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and beetles have killed more than 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have scorched hundreds of thousands of acres.Calif

22、ornias plan envisions treating 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030financed from the proceeds of the states emissions-permit auctions. Thats only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, an estimated half a million acres in all, so it will be important to prioritiz

23、e areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber, burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels, or used in compost or animal feed. New research on t

24、ransportation biofuels is under way, and the state plans to encourage lumber production close to forest lands. In future the state proposes to take an inventory of its forests carbon-storing capacity every five years.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, including those owned by

25、 the U.S. Forest Service, but traditionally theyve focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. Californias plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor early next year, should serve as a model. 21. “One of the