考研英语二真题及答案完美打印版Word格式.docx

考研英语二真题及答案完美打印版Word格式.docx

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B.Otherwise

C.However

D.Besides

2.A.Cares

B.warns

C.reduces

D.helps

3.A.Solely

B.occasionally

C.formally

D.initially

4.A.Lowering

B.explaining

C.accepting

D.recording

5.A.Set

B.review

C.reach

D.modify

6.A.Depiction

B.distribution

C.prediction

D.definition

7.A.Regardlessof

B.asidefrom

C.alongwith

D.dueto

8.A.Rigid

B.precise

C.immediate

D.orderly

9.A.judgments

B.reasons

C.methods

D.claims

10.A.Though

B.again

C.indeed

D.instead

11.A.Track

B.overlook

C.conceal

D.report

12.A.Approvalof

B.holdonto

C.accountfor

D.dependon

13.A.Share

B.adjust

C.confirm

D.prepare

14.Features

B.rules

C.tests

D.results

15.A.Anxious

B.hungry

C.sick

D.bored

16.A.Secret

B.belief

C.sign

D.principle

17.A.Necessity

B.decision

C.wish

D.request

18.A.Surprising

B.restricting

C.consuming

D.disappointing

19.A.Because

B.unless

C.until

D.if

20.A.Dominating

B.puzzling

C.triumphing

D.obsessing

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartADirections:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

Unlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guiltemergesalittlelater,inconjunctionwithachild’sgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnorms.Childrenaren’tbornknowinghowtosay“I’msorry”;

rather,theylearnovertimethatsuchstatementsappeaseparentsandfriends—andtheirownconsciences.Thisiswhyresearchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoralguilt,intherightamount,tobeagoodthing:

Achildwhoclaimsresponsibilityforknockingoveratowerandtriestorebuilditisengaginginbehaviorthat’snotonlyreparativebutalsoprosocial.

Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.ItevokesFreud’sideasandreligioushang-ups.Moreimportant,guiltisdeeplyuncomfortable—it’stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacketweightedwithstones.Whowouldinflictituponachild?

Yetthisunderstandingisoutdated.“Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinkingaboutwhatguiltisandwhatroleguiltcanserve,”Vaishsays,addingthatthisrevivalispartofalargerrecognitionthatemotionsaren’tbinary—feelingsthatmaybeadvantageousinonecontextmaybeharmfulinanother.Jealousyandanger,forexample,mayhaveevolvedtoalertustoimportantinequalities.Toomuchhappiness（thinkmania）canbedestructive.

Andguilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,canencouragehumanstoatoneforerrorsandfixrelationships.Guilt,inotherwords,canhelpholdacooperativespeciestogether.Itisakindofsocialglue.

Viewedinthislight,guiltisanopportunity.WorkbyTinaMalti,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofToronto,suggeststhatguiltmaycompensateforanemotionaldeficiency.Inanumberofstudies,Maltiandothershaveshownthatguiltandsympathy（anditsclosecousinempathy）mayrepresentdifferentpathwaystocooperationandsharing.Somekidswhoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshortfallbyexperiencingmoreguilt,whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses.Andviceversa:

Highsympathycansubstituteforlowguilt.

Ina2014study,forexample,Maltiandacolleaguelookedat244children,ages4,8,and12.Usingcaregiverassessmentsandthechildren’sself-observations,theyratedeachchild’soverallsympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegativeemotions（likeguiltandsadness）aftermoraltransgressions.Thenthekidswerehandedstickersandchocolatecoins,andgivenachancetosharethemwithananonymouschild.Forthelow-sympathykids,howmuchtheysharedappearedtoturnonhowinclinedtheyweretofeelguilty.Theguilt-proneonessharedmore,eventhoughtheyhadn’tmagicallybecomemoresympathetictotheotherchild’sdeprivation.

“That’sgoodnews,”Maltisays.“Wecanbeprosocialbecauseofourempatheticproclivity,orbecausewecausedharmandwefeelregret.”

21.Researchersthinkthatguiltcanbeagoodthingbecauseitmayhelp.

A.regulateachild’sbasicemotions

B.improveachild’sintellectualability

C.intensifyachild’spositivefeelings

D.fosterachild’smoraldevelopment

22.AccordingtoParagraph2,manypeoplestillguilttobe.

A.deceptiveB.addictiveC.burdensomeD.inexcusable

23.Vaishholdsthattherethinkingaboutguiltcomesfromanawarenessthat.

A.anemotioncanplayopposingroles

B.emotionsaresociallyconstructive

C.emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealth

D.emotionsarecontext-independent

24.Maltiandothershaveshownthatcooperationandsharing.

A.mayhelpcorrectemotionaldeficiencies

B.canbringaboutemotionalsatisfaction

C.canresultfromeithersympathyorguilt

D.maybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveacts

25.Theword“transgressions”（line4para5）isclosestinmeaningto.

A.wrongdoings

B.discussions

C.restrictions

D.teachings

Text2

Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneoftheharderchallengesinthefightagainstclimatechange.Evenaswehumanscountonforeststosoakupagoodshareofthecarbondioxideweproduce,wearethreateningtheirabilitytodoso.Theclimatechangewearehasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbonthantheyabsorb.

Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap—butitinvolvesstrikingasubtlebalance.Helpingforestsflourishasvaluable"

carbonsinks"

longintothefuturemayrequirereducingtheircapacitytosequestercarbonnow.Californiaisleadingtheway,asitdoesonsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.

Thestate'

sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoungtreesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest,includingbycontrolledburning.Thistemporarilylowerscarbon-carryingcapacity.Buttheremainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,sotheygrowandthrive,restoringtheforest'

scapacitytopullcarbonfromtheair.Healthytreesarealsobetterabletofendoffbarkbeetles.Thelandscapeisrenderedlesscombustible.Evenintheeventofafire,fewertreesareconsumed.

Theneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,since2010,droughtandbeetleshavekilledmorethan100milliontreesinCalifornia,mostofthemin2016alone,andwildfireshavescorchedhundredsofthousandsofacres.

California'

splanenvisionstreating35,000acresofforestayearby2020,and60,000by2030—financedfromtheproceedsofthestate'

semissions-permitauctions.That'

sonlyasmallshareofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,anestimatedhalfamillionacresinall,soitwillbeimportanttoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordrought.

Thestrategyalsoaimstoensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremovedfromtheforestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumber,burnedasbiofuelinvehiclesthatwouldotherwiserunonfossilfuels,orusedincompostoranimalfeed.Newresearchontransportationbiofuelsisunderway,andthestateplanstoencouragelumberproductionclosetoforestlands.Infuturethestateproposestotakeaninventoryofitsforests'

carbon-storingcapacityeveryfiveyears.

Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,includingthoseownedbytheU.S.ForestService,buttraditionallythey'

vefocusedonwildlife,watershedsandopportunitiesforrecreation.Onlyrecentlyhavetheycometoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstoringcarbon.California'

splan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernorearlynextyear,shouldserveasamodel.

21.“Oneofthe