考研英语二真题及答案完美打印版Word格式.docx
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B.Otherwise
C.However
D.Besides
2.A.Cares
B.warns
C.reduces
D.helps
3.A.Solely
B.occasionally
C.formally
D.initially
4.A.Lowering
B.explaining
C.accepting
D.recording
5.A.Set
B.review
C.reach
D.modify
6.A.Depiction
B.distribution
C.prediction
D.definition
7.A.Regardlessof
B.asidefrom
C.alongwith
D.dueto
8.A.Rigid
B.precise
C.immediate
D.orderly
9.A.judgments
B.reasons
C.methods
D.claims
10.A.Though
B.again
C.indeed
D.instead
11.A.Track
B.overlook
C.conceal
D.report
12.A.Approvalof
B.holdonto
C.accountfor
D.dependon
13.A.Share
B.adjust
C.confirm
D.prepare
14.Features
B.rules
C.tests
D.results
15.A.Anxious
B.hungry
C.sick
D.bored
16.A.Secret
B.belief
C.sign
D.principle
17.A.Necessity
B.decision
C.wish
D.request
18.A.Surprising
B.restricting
C.consuming
D.disappointing
19.A.Because
B.unless
C.until
D.if
20.A.Dominating
B.puzzling
C.triumphing
D.obsessing
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartADirections:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
Unlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guiltemergesalittlelater,inconjunctionwithachild’sgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnorms.Childrenaren’tbornknowinghowtosay“I’msorry”;
rather,theylearnovertimethatsuchstatementsappeaseparentsandfriends—andtheirownconsciences.Thisiswhyresearchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoralguilt,intherightamount,tobeagoodthing:
Achildwhoclaimsresponsibilityforknockingoveratowerandtriestorebuilditisengaginginbehaviorthat’snotonlyreparativebutalsoprosocial.
Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.ItevokesFreud’sideasandreligioushang-ups.Moreimportant,guiltisdeeplyuncomfortable—it’stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacketweightedwithstones.Whowouldinflictituponachild?
Yetthisunderstandingisoutdated.“Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinkingaboutwhatguiltisandwhatroleguiltcanserve,”Vaishsays,addingthatthisrevivalispartofalargerrecognitionthatemotionsaren’tbinary—feelingsthatmaybeadvantageousinonecontextmaybeharmfulinanother.Jealousyandanger,forexample,mayhaveevolvedtoalertustoimportantinequalities.Toomuchhappiness(thinkmania)canbedestructive.
Andguilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,canencouragehumanstoatoneforerrorsandfixrelationships.Guilt,inotherwords,canhelpholdacooperativespeciestogether.Itisakindofsocialglue.
Viewedinthislight,guiltisanopportunity.WorkbyTinaMalti,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofToronto,suggeststhatguiltmaycompensateforanemotionaldeficiency.Inanumberofstudies,Maltiandothershaveshownthatguiltandsympathy(anditsclosecousinempathy)mayrepresentdifferentpathwaystocooperationandsharing.Somekidswhoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshortfallbyexperiencingmoreguilt,whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses.Andviceversa:
Highsympathycansubstituteforlowguilt.
Ina2014study,forexample,Maltiandacolleaguelookedat244children,ages4,8,and12.Usingcaregiverassessmentsandthechildren’sself-observations,theyratedeachchild’soverallsympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegativeemotions(likeguiltandsadness)aftermoraltransgressions.Thenthekidswerehandedstickersandchocolatecoins,andgivenachancetosharethemwithananonymouschild.Forthelow-sympathykids,howmuchtheysharedappearedtoturnonhowinclinedtheyweretofeelguilty.Theguilt-proneonessharedmore,eventhoughtheyhadn’tmagicallybecomemoresympathetictotheotherchild’sdeprivation.
“That’sgoodnews,”Maltisays.“Wecanbeprosocialbecauseofourempatheticproclivity,orbecausewecausedharmandwefeelregret.”
21.Researchersthinkthatguiltcanbeagoodthingbecauseitmayhelp.
A.regulateachild’sbasicemotions
B.improveachild’sintellectualability
C.intensifyachild’spositivefeelings
D.fosterachild’smoraldevelopment
22.AccordingtoParagraph2,manypeoplestillguilttobe.
A.deceptiveB.addictiveC.burdensomeD.inexcusable
23.Vaishholdsthattherethinkingaboutguiltcomesfromanawarenessthat.
A.anemotioncanplayopposingroles
B.emotionsaresociallyconstructive
C.emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealth
D.emotionsarecontext-independent
24.Maltiandothershaveshownthatcooperationandsharing.
A.mayhelpcorrectemotionaldeficiencies
B.canbringaboutemotionalsatisfaction
C.canresultfromeithersympathyorguilt
D.maybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveacts
25.Theword“transgressions”(line4para5)isclosestinmeaningto.
A.wrongdoings
B.discussions
C.restrictions
D.teachings
Text2
Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneoftheharderchallengesinthefightagainstclimatechange.Evenaswehumanscountonforeststosoakupagoodshareofthecarbondioxideweproduce,wearethreateningtheirabilitytodoso.Theclimatechangewearehasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbonthantheyabsorb.
Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap—butitinvolvesstrikingasubtlebalance.Helpingforestsflourishasvaluable"
carbonsinks"
longintothefuturemayrequirereducingtheircapacitytosequestercarbonnow.Californiaisleadingtheway,asitdoesonsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.
Thestate'
sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoungtreesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest,includingbycontrolledburning.Thistemporarilylowerscarbon-carryingcapacity.Buttheremainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,sotheygrowandthrive,restoringtheforest'
scapacitytopullcarbonfromtheair.Healthytreesarealsobetterabletofendoffbarkbeetles.Thelandscapeisrenderedlesscombustible.Evenintheeventofafire,fewertreesareconsumed.
Theneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,since2010,droughtandbeetleshavekilledmorethan100milliontreesinCalifornia,mostofthemin2016alone,andwildfireshavescorchedhundredsofthousandsofacres.
California'
splanenvisionstreating35,000acresofforestayearby2020,and60,000by2030—financedfromtheproceedsofthestate'
semissions-permitauctions.That'
sonlyasmallshareofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,anestimatedhalfamillionacresinall,soitwillbeimportanttoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordrought.
Thestrategyalsoaimstoensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremovedfromtheforestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumber,burnedasbiofuelinvehiclesthatwouldotherwiserunonfossilfuels,orusedincompostoranimalfeed.Newresearchontransportationbiofuelsisunderway,andthestateplanstoencouragelumberproductionclosetoforestlands.Infuturethestateproposestotakeaninventoryofitsforests'
carbon-storingcapacityeveryfiveyears.
Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,includingthoseownedbytheU.S.ForestService,buttraditionallythey'
vefocusedonwildlife,watershedsandopportunitiesforrecreation.Onlyrecentlyhavetheycometoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstoringcarbon.California'
splan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernorearlynextyear,shouldserveasamodel.
21.“Oneofthe