1、.Unlike their outgoing counterparts who are more sensitive to rewards and risk-taking,shy people take a cautious approach to chance.Rather than the flashy chit-chat that defines social gathering,shy people listen attentively to what others say and absorb it before they speak.Theyre not thinking abou
2、t what to say while the other person is still talking,but rather listening so they can learn what to say.Along the same lines,shy people share a common love of learning.They are intrinsically（内在地） motivated and therefore seek content regardless of achieving an outside standard.Being shy can also bri
3、ng other benefits.Remember being in school and hearing the same kids contribute,until shy little Johnny,who almost never said a word,cut in?Then what happened? Everyone turned around to look with great respect at little Johnny actually talking.This is how shy people made good use of their power of p
4、resence: they own the moment by speaking calmly and purposefully,which translate to a positive image.Shyness is often related to modesty.Not to say that limelight-seekers arent modest,but shy people tend to have an accurate sense of their abilities and achievements.As a result,they are able to ackno
5、wledge mistakes,imperfections, knowledge gaps and limitations.Since shy people have a lower sensitivity to outside rewards than outgoing ones,theyre more comfortable working with little information and sticking to their inner desires.Shy people are also more likely to insist on finding solutions tha
6、t arent primarily apparent.Dont believe me?Maybe youll believe Albert Einstein,who once said,Its not that Im so smart,its that I stay with problems longer.Obviously,finding certainty where uncertainty is typically popular is a huge plus for any successful person.The myth that shy people are less eff
7、ective leaders than their outgoing fellows is just a misunderstanding.Make wise use of your personality strengths to lead your business no matter what side of the range you fall on.1.We can learn from Paragraph 2 that_.A.shy people are sensitive to rewards B.shy people care more about contentC.outgo
8、ing people are more careful about chances D.outgoing people consider what to learn while listening2.The example of Johnny shows_.A.shy people are likely to be modest B.hardworking students speak little in publicC.some students keep silent on purpose at school D.shy people may have an advantage in di
9、scussion3.We can learn from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 that_.A.shyness results in success B.shyness contributes to popularityC.outside reward leads to insistence D.uncertainty counts more than certainty4.The author supports his ideas mainly by_.A.giving definitions and presenting researc
10、h results B.explaining problems and providing solutionsC.quoting authorities and making evaluations D.making contrasts and gibing examplesB“Cant hold a candle to” is a popular expression.When there wasnt electricity,someone would have a servant light his way by holding a candle.The expression meant
11、that the person who cannot hold a candle to you is not fit even to be your servant.Now,it means such a person cannot compare or compete.Another expression is “hold your tongue.”It means to be still and not talk.“Hold your tongue”is not something you would tell a friend.But a parent or teacher might
12、use the expression to quiet a noisy child.“Hold out”is an expression one hears often in sports reports and labor news.It means to refuse to play or work. Professional football and baseball players “hold out” if their team refuses to pay them what they think they are worth.The expression “hold up” ha
13、s several different meanings.One is a robbery.A man with a gun may say,“This is a hold up.Give me your money.”Another meaning is to delay.A driver who was held up by heavy traffic might be late for work.Another meaning is for a story to be considered true after an investigation.A story can hold up i
14、f it is proved true.“Hold on” is another expression,which means wait or stop.As you leave for school,your brother may say,“Hold on,you forgot your book.” It is used to ask a telephone caller to wait and not hang up his telephone.Our final expression is “hold the line.”That means to keep a problem or
15、 situation from getting worseto hold steady.For example,the president may say he will “hold the line on taxes.”He means there will be no increase in taxes.5.The expression “cant hold a candle to” can be used when _. A.some footballers refuse to play a game B.someone else is wanted on the phoneC.some
16、one is not qualified for a position D.someone was delayed by heavy traffic6.The tune of the phrase “hold your tongue” is probably a little_. A.amusing B.polite C.unfriendly D.offensive7.If some teachers “hold out”,they probably_. A.change their attitude B.refuse to work C.make a compromise D.show th
17、eir devotion8.Which of the following sentences can convey positive meanings? A.I was late as I was held up by a hold up. B.Hold on!You have to pay the bill,sir.C.You cant even hold a candle to Michael. D.I promise to hold the line on house prices.CHow can we reduce the risk?There are four general ap
18、proaches to dealing with volcanic（火山似的）dangers.We can try to keep the danger from occurringoften an impossible task.We can try to change its path or reduce its impact on existing development. We can take steps to protect future development.We can also do our best to have disaster response plans in p
19、lace before they are needed.Removing the ThreatClearly,there is no way to stop an eruption.We can,however,attempt to reduce the eruptions effects by strengthening structures,for example,building protective works such as walls to make lava（熔岩）flow away from developed areas.Such efforts can be and hav
20、e been successful,but are of limited use in a large-scale（范围）eruption.Planning for the FutureProtecting future development from volcanic dangers is a simple task.Before building houses,we should judge the risk.If the risk seems too great,a safer location should be found.This type of planning is very
21、 effective,but all too often,people are drawn to the lush（葱郁的）,rolling land of a quiet volcano.Disaster Preparedness（预案）When a volcano comes to life,a few weeks may not be enough to avoid a tragedy.Planning is the key to saving lives.Well before the warning signs occur,people must be educated about
22、volcanic dangers.Escape plans must be in place.Communication between scientists,officials,the media,and the general public should be practiced.Emergency measures must be thought out and agreed upon.If you doubt the importance of these efforts,take another look at past volcanic tragedies,such as the
23、eruption of Nevado del Ruiz.Communication failures left the town of Armero unprepared for escape.When a deadly mudflow came down the slope（斜坡）,21,000 people90 percent of the towns peopledied.9.The passage is intended for_.A.the general public B.architects C.adventurers D.geographers10.When building
24、houses,people tend to_.A.judge volcanic dangers carefully B.take volcanic dangers seriouslyC.live near a quiet volcano D.find a safer place far away from a volcano11.The writer mentioned Nevado del Ruiz to prove_.A.the failure to keep volcanic dangers from happening B.the importance of preparing for
25、 a volcanic eruptionC.the bravery of the people in Armero Town D.the uncertainty of volcanos damageDI was born and raised in Minnesota,the USA,but us an adult I have mostly lived in Europe and Africa.I teach cross-cultural management at the International Business School near Paris.For the last 15 ye
26、ars,Ive studied how people in different parts of the world build trust,communicate,and make decisions especially in the workplace.While traveling in Tokyo recently with Japanese colleague,I gave a short talk to a group of 20 managers.At the end,I asked whether there were any questions or comments.No
27、 hands went up,so I went to sit down.My colleague whispered to me,“I think there actually were some comments,Erin.Do you mind if I try?”I agreed,but I guessed it a waste of breath.He asked the group again,“Any comments or questions?”Still,no one raised a hand,but this time he looked very carefully a
28、t each person in the silent audience.Gesturing to one of them,he said,“Do you have something to add?”To my amazement,she responded “Yes,thank you.” and asked me a very interesting question.My colleague repeated this several times,looking directly at the audience and asking for more questions or comm
29、ents.After the session,I asked my colleague,“How do you know that those people had questions?”He hesitated,not sure how to explain it,and then said,“It has to do with how bright their eyes are.”He continued,“In Japan,we dont make as much direct eye contact as you do in the West.So when you asked if there were any comments,most people were not looking directly at you.But a few people in the group were looking right at you,and their eyes were bright.That indicates that they would be happy to have you call on them.”I thought to myself I would never have learned from my upbringing in Mi
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