1、新编英语语法教程教案 章振邦下 教 案新编英语语法教程 章振邦 本 课 程 教 学 总 体 安 排课程名称:商务英语语法与词汇课程性质与类型:专业必修总学时32、学分:2教学目的与要求:1)开设此课,旨在让学生系统学习和掌握各类语法现象,并且学以致用,活学活用,力求避免在使用英语的过程中出现语法错误。2)帮助学生理解和掌握各类语法现象所使用的规则,以便他们在以后的专业四级考试和工作中恰当地运用英语语法。3)扩大学生的词汇量,尤其是商务英语方面的词汇。教材及参考书目:新编英语语法教程章振邦使用英语语法详解薄冰高级英语语法详解全建强考核方式及成绩计算方法:闭卷笔试总成绩=平时成绩*30%+期末成绩
2、*70%课 程 教 学 日 历课程名称:商务英语词汇与语法 授课学期:20162017学年第2学期周次章节及教学内容累计学时第1周第17讲 助动词 (一)第18讲 助动词 (二)2第2周第19讲 不定式(一)第20讲 不定式(二)4第3周第21讲 ING 分词第22讲 -ED 分词6第4周第23讲 形容词和形容词词组8第5周第24讲 副词和副词词组10第6周第25讲 比较等级和比较结构12第7周第26讲 介词和介词词组14第8周第27讲 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句第28讲 存在句16第9周第29讲 IT- 句型18第10周第30讲 并列结构20第11周第31讲 从属结构(一)第32讲 从属
3、结构(二)22第12周第33讲 关系分句24第13周第34讲 条件句26第14周第35讲 直接引语和间接引语28第15周第36讲 修饰 第37讲 替代30第16周第38讲 省略第39讲 后置、前置、倒装32第17讲 教学安排的说明章节题目:助动词(一) 学时分配:1本章教学目的与要求:1、情态意义表示法2、情态助动词的推测性用法课 堂 教 学 方 案课题名称、助动词(一)授课时数:1 授课类型:理论课教学方法与手段:讲授、讨论教学目的要求:1、情态意义表示法2、情态助动词的推测性用法教学重点、难点:情态意义表示法教学内容及组织安排:1、情态意义表示法 情态动词有can (could), may
4、 (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语 一、 can, could 1) 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。 Can you lift this heavy box?(体力) Mary can speak three languages.(知识) Can you skate?(技能) 此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的
5、时态。 Ill not be able to come this afternoon. 当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用Can。如: He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. 2) 表示请求和允许。 -Can I go now? - Yes, you can. / No, you cant. 此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。 - Could I come to s
6、ee you tomorrow? - Yes, you can. ( No, Im afraid not. ) 3) 表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。 Theyve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. This hall can hold 500 people at least. 4) 表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。 Can this be true? This cant be done by him. How can this be true? 二、 may, might 1) 表
7、示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用cant 或mustnt,表示“不可以,禁止”。 -Might/ May I smoke in this room? - No, you mustnt. - May/Might I take this book out of the room? - Yes, you can. (No, you cant / mustnt. ) 用May I.?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用Can I.?在口语中更常见。 2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。 May you succeed! 3) 表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。 might
8、不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。 1He may /might be very busy now. 2Your mother may /might not know the truth. 三、 must, have to 1) 表示必须、必要。 You must come in time. 在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustnt(禁止,不准),而用neednt, dont have to(不必). - Must we hand in our exercise books today? - Yes, you must. - No, you dont have to / yo
9、u neednt. 2) must是说话人的主观看法, 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时, have to 有更多的时态形式。 1 he play isnt interesting, I really must go now. 2 I had to work when I was your age. 3) 表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句) 1 Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best. 2 Your mother must be waiting for you now. 四、 dare,
10、need 1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。 1 How dare you say Im unfair? 2 He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he? 3 If we dared not go there that day, we couldnt get the beautiful flowers. 2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。 1You neednt come
11、 so early. 2. - Need I finish the work today? - Yes, you must. / No, you neednt. 3) dare和 need作实义动词用时, 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。 1. I dare to swim across this river. 2. He doesnt dare (to) answer. 3. He needs to finish his homework today. 五、
12、shall, should 1) shall 用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。 What shall we do this evening? 2) shall 用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 1. You shall fail if you dont work hard.(警告) 2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺) 3. He shall be punished.(威胁) 六、 will, would 1) 表示请求、建议等,would更委婉。 Will / Would you pass me the ba
13、ll, please? 2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。 1. I will never do that again. 2. They asked him if he would go abroad. 3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。 1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day. 2. The wound would not heal. 4) 表示估计和猜想。 It would be about ten oclock when she
14、 left home. 七、 should, ought to 1) should, ought to表示“应该”,ought to表示义务或责任,比should语气重。 1. I should help her because she is in trouble. 2. You ought to take care of the baby. 2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用,但在疑问句中常用should。 1. You should / ought to go to class right away. 2. Should I open the window?
15、 3) 表示推测 should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。 1.He must be home by now. (断定他已到家) 2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定) 3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽) 4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)2、情态助动词的推测性用法假如出现如下情景:甲说:Theres someone at the door. Didnt you hear the bell?乙的回答可能是:It m
16、ust be George.It will be George.It would be George.It ought to be George.It should be George.It cant be George.It couldnt be George.It may be George.It might be George.乙作答时仅仅是作揣测,表示各种可能性。一般说来must表示的可能性最大,might表示的可能性最小。再看一道高考题:Peter_come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.A. mustB. mayC. canD
17、. will根据题意和选项判断,该题需要选择一个表揣测性意义的情态动词,而所给的四个选项都可用来表示揣测,但根据题干后面部分“但他还不很确定”的暗示,说明他来的可能性并不很大,所以该题只能选B。现就以上九个表揣测性情态动词的语义和用法简略归纳如下,供复习时参考。1mustmust表示揣测时,常用来指说话人从已知晓得或观察到的事情中做出某种结论。含有“逻辑上的必然”的意义。作“一定;必定;准是”等解。时表揣测性情态动词中语气最为肯定的一个。后接不定式的一般时表示对现在或将来情况的揣测;接不定式的进行式表示对现在正在发生的情况的揣测;接不定式的完成式表示对现在完成情况或过去情况的揣测。例如:Jud
18、ging by her accent, she must be from Sichuan.They must be worrying about our safety.They must have arrived by now.Her father thought she must have met a fairy.Oh, but you must have been thinking of something.Must表示揣测时,一般用于肯定句。其疑问或否定形式用can或could表示(见can,could部分)。2will,wouldwill表示揣测意义是类似于“逻辑上的必然”意义的mus
19、t。常可换用,但语气弱于must;would含义与will基本相同,不表示时间关系,用would表示不肯定的语气稍弱一些。两者都作“大概;一定”等解。例如:Thatll be the postman.That would be his mother.This will be the house that youre looking for.Peter will/would still be reading his book.They will/would have arrived by now.He will/would have left his house before you arriv
20、ed there.3ought to,shouldought to与should也可用来表示“逻辑上的必然的意义”,语气的肯定程度比must弱一些。Should的语气又不如ought to肯定。都表示非常可能的意思,作“想必一定;应当已经;照理应该”等解。后面也可跟不定式的一般式或完成式等。例如:They should be home now.The book should be out in a month or so.He ought to finish the work in about an hour.He ought to/should have arrived by now.She
21、 left yesterday. She ought to/should have reached Shanghai.4can,couldcan, could表示揣测时,常见于疑问句和否定句。Could不表示时间关系。用could时,语气较为缓和;用can时,不相信的程度跟强些。后面可跟不定式的一般式或完成式。例如:Can he come here?Where can/could he be?This cant/couldnt be true.There cant be a mistake.She cant/couldnt have done such a thing.He cant/coul
22、dnt have seen me yesterday, because I wasnt there.另外,can可用来指理论上的可能性(不属于揣测性用法)。表示事件或情况有可能发生(但并不涉及到是否真的会发生),这是could是can的过去时。例如:Even expert drivers can make mistakes.即使有经验的驾驶员也有可能出差错。He said it could rain later on this evening.他说晚上以后可能下雨。Can通常不能用来表示实际发生的可能性或真实性。如要表示发生某事的实际可能性时用could, may, might(不表示事件关系
23、)。例如:The weather in Shanghai could be very cold in winter.上海冬季有时可能很冷。Will you answer the phone? It could/may/might be your mother.你去接接电话好吗?可能是你妈妈打来的。According to the radio, it could/may/might rain this evening.据广播说,今晚可能有雨。Can不用来表达某事将会发生的可能性,而是用may或might表示。例如:We may/might go climbing this year. (不用ca
24、n)今年我们可能会去登山。Could可用来表示将来,当仅仅表达某事有发生的可能性,并不表示特别可能发生。例如:Next Sunday we could go and pay a visit to a friend of ours.下个星期天我们可能去拜访我们的一位朋友。We could go climbing this year, but I doubt if we have time.今年我们可能去登山,但我怀疑我们是否有时间。5may,mightmay和might表示揣测时,指“实际上的可能性”。常用来表示某事实际上将要发生或正在发生的可能性。Might不表示时间关系,用might的可能性
25、比may小些,实际上含有“不大可能”的意思。两者都可跟不定式的一般式或不定式的完成式等。例如:It may be true.这可能是真的。It might be true.这或许是真的。(不确实)You may/might have some fever.你可能有点发烧。“She is very late.”她这么晚还没来。“She may have missed her bus.”它可能误了车。Might跟不定式的完成时还可用来表示过去可能发生而没有发生的事。例如:You were stupid to try climbing up there. You might have killed
26、yourself.你试图在那里攀登是愚蠢的,你也许会摔死的。另外,要注意can not,may not与could not,might not的不同含义。例如:She can not be at home.她不可能在家。She may not be at home.她可能不在家。She couldnt have made that mistake.她不可能犯了那样的错误。She might not have made that mistake.她也许没有犯那样的错误。第18讲 教学安排的说明章节题目:助动词(二) 学时分配:1本章教学目的与要求:1、半助动词2、半助动词的缩略形式课 堂 教 学
27、 方 案课题名称、不定式(一)授课时数:1 授课类型:理论课教学方法与手段:讲授、讨论教学目的要求:1、半助动词2、半助动词的缩略形式教学重点、难点:半助动词教学内容及组织安排:1、半助动词在功能上介乎主动词和助动词之间的一类结构,称为半助动词。常见的半助动词有be about to, be due to, be going to, be likely to, be meant to, be obliged to, be supposed to, be willing to, have to, seem to, be unable to, be unwilling to等。它们可与主动词搭配构
28、成复杂动词词组并表示情态意义,有时也可与助动词搭配。例如:The boy has to make a living by begging.男孩不得不通过乞讨维持生计。He is unwilling to help me with my English.他不愿帮我学习英语。Every clause is obliged to obtain a finite verb.每个句子必须包括一个限定动词。We were about to start when it rained.下雨时,我们即将出发。He seems to be very disappointed.他好像非常失望。I dont have
29、 to buy a new house.我不必买新房子。He didnt seem to feel in love with her.他好像没有爱上她。半助动词的其他用法带有半助动词作为动词词组的组成部分的句子,有的可以转换为“ Itthat-分句”结构,而有的却不可以。从这个角度看,半助动词可分为两类:一类是可以作上述转换的,其中包括be cer-tain to,be(un)likely to,appear to,happen to,seem to等。例如:They are certain to win the game他们肯定会在比赛中获胜。It is certain that they
30、will win the gameHe is likely to let you down他可能使你失望。It is likely that he will let you downHe appears to have many friends看来他有许多朋友。It appears that he has many friendsHe seems to be enjoying himself看来他玩得很快活。It seems that he is enjoying himselfI happen to have had some nasty experiences in dealing with him我恰巧有过一些和他打交道的不愉快的经历。It happens that I have had some nasty experiences in dealing with himSome members of the committee seem to have been bribed委员会
copyright@ 2008-2022 冰豆网网站版权所有
经营许可证编号:鄂ICP备2022015515号-1