句子成分2句子结构 学案Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。We are students.（四）表语：表语用以说明_的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于_（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语可由以下等成分表示： Our teacher of English i

2、s an American.（_） Is it yours?（_） The weather has turned cold.（_） The speech is exciting.（_） Three times seven is twenty one?（_） His job is to teach English.（_） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（_） The machine must be out of order.（_） Time is up. The class is over.（_） The truth is that he has never

3、been abroad.（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于_和_后面。 They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（_） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（_） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（_） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（_） He pretended not to see me.（_） I enjoy li

4、stening to popular music.（_） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（_） 宾语种类：（1）_（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）_（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由以下等成分表示：His father named him Dongming

5、.（_）They painted their boat white.（_）Let the fresh air in.（_）You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（_）We saw her entering the room.（_）We found everything in the lab in good order.（_）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（_）（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示： Guilin is a beautif

6、ul city.（_） China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（_） There are thirty women teachers is our school.（_） His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（_） Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（_） The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（_） He is

7、 reading an article about how to learn English.（_）（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示： Light travels most quickly.（_） He has lived in the city for ten years.（_） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（_） He is in the room making a model plane.（_） Wait a

8、minute.（名词） Once you begin, you must continue.（_） 状语种类如下： How about meeting again at six?（_） Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（_） I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（_） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（_） She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（_） She came i

9、n with a dictionary in her hand.（_） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（_） He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（_） She works very hard though she is old.（_） I am taller than he is.（_）练习一一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the ne

10、wspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. His job is to train swimmers.6. He managed to finish the work in time.7. He found it important to master English.8. Would you please tell me your address?9. He sat there, reading a newspaper.10. It is our dut

11、y to keep our classroom clean and tidy.选做题：（ ）1. _ will leave for Beijing.A. Now there the man B. The man here nowC. The man who is here now D. The man is here now（ ） 2. The weather _.A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold C. not wet and cold D. were wet and cold（ ） 3. The apple tasted _.A. sweets B. sw

12、eetly C. nicely D. sweet（ ） 4. He got up _ yesterday morning.A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter（ ）5. The actor _at the age of 70.A. dead B. died C. dyed D. deaded（ ）6. _ were all very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a rest.A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we（ ）7. He found the street

13、much _.A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdedly（ ） 8.I think _necessary to learn English well.A. its B. it C. that D. that is（ ） 9. The dog _ mad.A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked（ ）10.I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.A. that B. when C. in which D. where二、简单句、

14、并列句和复合句（一）句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didnt hear of you before.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, cant she? 3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Dont talk in class4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!2、按句子的结构可分三种：1）简单句：只有一个主

15、语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2） 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e.g. You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光

16、明的，道路是曲折的。3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.（二）简单句的五种基本句型1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g. He is a student.2、主语+不及物动词：e.g. We work.3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g

17、. My father bought me a car.5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。（三）并列句的分类 1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等连接。e.g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John. 2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, eitheror, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or you

18、ll miss the train. 3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from

19、 dawn until dark. 练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in

20、 the evening.5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy

21、country music.二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：I hope you are very well（ ）. Im fine, but tired（ ）. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm（ ）. August is the hottest month here（ ）. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（ ） Sometime

22、s we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（ ）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（ ）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（ ）. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（ ）. But he employs more men f

23、or the harvest（ ）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（ ）. It doesnt often rain in the summer here（ ）. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden（ ）. Every evening we pump water from a well（ ）. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden（ ）.Most Saturday evenings t

24、here is a party, even at harvest time（ ）. These parties often make us very happy（ ）. We cook meat on an open fire outside（ ）. Its great（ ）! Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion（ ）. Some of my friends drink beer（ ）. I dont, because I have to drive home after the party（ ）. In your letter

25、 you asked about the time in different areas of the States（ ）. There are five different time areas in the States（ ）. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（ ）. How many different time areas do you have in China（ ）? Well, I must stop and get some sleep（ ）. Please give my best regards t

26、o your parents（ ）. 三、选择填空：1. Give me one more minute _ Ill be able to finish it. A. and B. or C. if D. so2. Its the third time that John has been late, _? A. hasnt he B. isnt he C. isnt it D. hasnt it3. _ joyful he was to meet his brother again! A. How B. What C. What a D. What an4. Let us pass, _?

27、A. shant we B. shall we C. wont we D. will you5. I suppose hes serious, _ ? A. do I B. dont I C. is he D. isnt he6. You had better not smoke here, _? A. will you B. had you C. shall you D. have you7. Train as hard as you can _ youll win the swimming competition. A. then B. but C. and D. or8. Im sorry to have to say this, _ you forgot to turn off the lights when you le