考研英语美文赏析记单词历史文化类5Word文件下载.docx

1、同其他地方一样，欧洲的传媒集团蒸蒸日上，这些集团把相互联系的电视、广播、报纸、杂志及出版社等媒体联合到一起。意大利的一个例子是贝鲁斯科尼集团，而我们所知的外国集团有麦斯威尔和默多克。显然，只有最大最灵活的公司才能在这个竞争激烈的广阔市场上竞争。仅此就足以表明，在电视行业里生存并不容易，统计数字更印证了这个事实，1989年，在80家欧洲电视网中，一半以上出现亏损。另外，欧洲的一体化将迫使电视公司在制作和发行方面更紧密地合作。不同的文化和传统把欧洲大陆编织成一体，要创造出一种尊重这些不同文化和传统的“欧洲品牌”绝非易事，需要人们做出战略性的选择。即在欧洲为欧洲制作节目。这需要减少对北美市场的依赖，

2、他们的节目里所涉及到与我们不同的经历和文化传统。为了达到这些目标，我们必须更关注合作制作节目、新闻交换、记录片服务及培训。这也意味着欧洲国家之间需要达成协议，创建一个电视节目制作的欧洲银行，该银行可参照欧洲投资银行的模式，处理与制作成本相关的财务问题。要应付如此规模的挑战，可以毫不夸张地说，“联合，我们就生存；分裂，我们就灭亡”。如果我不得不选择一个口号的话，它应该是“多样中的统一”。既具有一致的目标，但又尊重每个国家不同的特点。核心词汇79.flexiblea. 易曲的, 灵活的, 柔顺的, 能变形的, 可通融的 2次例句：Working hours should be flexible.

3、工作时间应该是弹性的。词组：flexible pressure流体压力反义词：inflexible 80.fabric n. 织物, 布, 结构, 构造, 建筑物 1次This is a fine fabric for ladies dresses. 这是一种适于做女服用的织法精美的布料。fabric gloves毛线手套同义词：clothgoodsmaterialtextile81.integration n. 综合, 与环境协调的行为, 集成This enables users to leverage their installed infrastructures for the ulti

4、mate in network integration and support. 这就使用户们能利用其已安装的基础设施，实现网络集成和支持的最终目标。82.mixture n. 混合, 混淆, 混合物 1次He scraped the mixture out of the bowl with a plastic spatula.他用塑料铲把盆里的混合料刮了出来。the mixture as before 照原来的处方, 服法同前; （喻）照原来的办法办理; 换汤不换药83.overwhelmingly ad. 压倒性地, 不可抵抗地The candy looked overwhelmingly

5、 desirable to the dieting man. 糖果对于吃限定食物的人来说具有无法抗拒的力量。84.peculiarity n. 特质, 特性, 怪癖He used to mimic speech peculiarities of another. 他过去总是模仿别人讲话的特点。85.recent a. 新近的; 近来的He quoted me a recent instance. 他给我举出一个最近的例证。recent news最近的消息latemodernnewup-to-dateancient86.skepticism n. 怀疑论All skepticism should

6、 by now have vanished. 所有的怀疑都可以消除了。87.strategic a. 战略的, 战略上的We made no strategic assessment, instead, we bandied technical expedients about. 我们没有从战略上进行估计，相反，我们只在技术性的办法上转来转去。strategic weapons战略武器Passage 6A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful

7、most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an ob

8、servation made so frequently that it deserves comment.For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwisedull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and tra

9、velers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter

10、 of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didnt take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.Today there are many ch

11、aritable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. “I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and p

12、retty soon he invited me home for dinner amazing.” Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically

13、developed cultural tradition.As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. V

14、isitors who fail to “translate” cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word “friend”, the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitors language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on

15、a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.访问过美国的人经常回来报告说，大多数美国人对他们是如何友善、好客、乐于助人。公平地说，这个印象也适用于加拿大和加拿大人，因而，最好认为这适用整个北美。当然也有例外。在美国，心胸狭隘的官员，粗鲁的男招待，举止粗俗的出租车司机也并非罕

16、见。尽管如此，由于人们对美国人的好印象如此普遍，因而也就值得评论一番了。很长一段时间以来，在美国很多地方，旅行者受人欢迎是因为他们打破原本的单调生活。这些家庭居住相对遥远，无聊、孤独成了他们的普遍问题。陌生人和旅行者带来了受欢迎的娱乐消遣，还带来了外部世界的消息。拓荒区严酷的生活现实也促成了这一好客的传统。独行客如果饿了、伤了或病了，通常只能求助于最近的小屋或居民点。对旅行者来说，这不是一个选择的问题；而对当地居民来说，这也并非是一时行善的冲动。它反映了日常生活的严酷：如果你不收留这个陌生人并且照顾他，那他就无人可求了。记住，有一天你也可能处于相同的境遇。如今，有了很多的慈善组织专门帮助疲惫的

17、旅行者。不过，热情接待陌生人的传统在美国仍然很强大，尤其是在远离旅游热线的小城镇。“我只是路过，和这个美国人聊了聊。没多久，他就请我到他家吃饭这真令人惊奇。”来美国的旅客谈论此类事件很普遍，但人们的理解却并非正确。很多美国人随意的友好不应被看作是肤浅的或虚假的，而应该看成是文化传统的历史发展结果。同任何发达国家一样，在美国，一系列复杂的文化特征，信念和习俗构成了所有社会交往的基础。当然，一个人会讲一种语言并不意味着就他就理解该语言的社会和文化模式。不能正确“诠释”文化含义的旅行者往往得出错误的结论。例如，美国人所说的“朋友”一词，其文化含义可能与旅行者语言和文化中的“朋友”相当不同。要想正确区

18、分礼貌是出于文化习俗还是个人兴趣，单凭一次公共汽车上的偶遇是不够的。不过，友好是很多美国人推崇的美德，同时希望邻居和陌生人也能如此。88.assumption n.假定, 自负, 担任, 假装 4次The hostress bustled about with an assumption of authority. 女主人摆出一副权威的样子忙来忙去。conclusion89.courteous a. 彬彬有礼, 谦恭的They are courteous to their guests. 他们对来宾彬彬有礼。civilgraciousobligingpoliterespectfulcoward

19、ly; timid90.charitable a.大慈大悲的, 宽厚的, 慈善的He is a charitable judge of character. 他对于个性的判断很宽容。generousgivingkindly91.convention n.大会, 协定, 惯例, 约定 4次派生：conventionalize vt.常规化 conventionalitu n.常规化；惯例It is the convention for men to wear suits on formal occasions. 男子在正式场合穿套装是一种社会习俗。the Geneva Conventions （

20、有关战俘的待遇等的）日内瓦协定social conventions社会习俗a matter of convention常规问题break away from convention打破常规惯例by convention出于习俗， 按照惯例92.dull a.钝的, 无趣的, 呆滞的, 阴暗的vt.使迟钝, 使阴暗, 缓和vi.变迟钝, 减少dullish a.有点迟钝的A hissing gas lamp suspended from the ceiling cast a dull light. 一盏煤气灯嗡嗡地响着，从顶棚投射出暗淡的光。a dull mind迟钝的头脑a dull villa

21、ge冷清清的村庄（as） dull as ditch-water （口）非常沉闷乏味bluntboringdingydrearydryflatgrayinactiveslowsluggishstupiduninterestingbrightkeensharpvivid93.distant a.远的, 疏远的distance n.距离；远处The distant cry trailed off. 远处传来的喊声逐渐地消失了。be distant towards sb. 对某人冷淡close; near94.distinguish vt.区别, 辨别vi.区别, 辨别 4次distinguishe

22、d a.著名的Can you distinguish goat from sheep?你能把山羊和绵羊区分开吗？be distinguished as 辨明为, 称之为be distinguished by 以为特征be distinguished for 以而著名be distinguished from 不同于; 与加以区别distinguish.from. 辨别, 识别; 把和区别开distinguish oneself 使自己与众不同; 使自己出名definedetectdignifyhonorsee95.encounter n.相会, 相遇, 遭遇vt.遇见, 邂逅, 会战vi.偶然相遇 1次We did not encounter fierce resistance anywhere. 我们在任何地方都没有遭遇到大的抵抗。battlecollidecome acrossconfrontmeetoppose96.frequently ad.频繁, 经常地While reading, he fluffed frequently. 他读的时候常常读错。infrequently97.frontier n.边界, 边境Sam quickly adjusted to the rugged life of a