六级真题Word格式.docx

1、It is widely believed that sleep is for the brain, not the body. Could a shortage of shut-eye also be helping to make us fat?Several large-scale studies suggest there may be a link. People who sleep less than 7 hours a night tend to have a higher body mass index than people who sleep more, according

2、 to data gathered by the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Similarly, the US Nurses Health Study, which tracked 68,000 women for 16 years, found that those who slept an average of 5 hours a night gained more weight during the study period than women who slept 6 hours, who in turn

3、gained more than whose who slept 7.Its well known that obesity impairs sleep, so perhaps people get fat first and sleep less afterwards. But the nurses study suggests that it can work in the other direction too: sleep loss may precipitate weight gain.Although getting figures is difficult, it appears

4、 that we really are sleeping less. In 1960 people in the US slept an average of 8.5 hours per night. A 2002 poll by the National Sleep Foundation suggests that the average has fallen to under 7 hours, and the decline is mirrored by the increase in obesity.2. Climate controlWe humans, like all warm-b

5、looded animals, can keep our core body temperatures pretty much constant regardless of whats going on in the world around us. We do this by altering our metabolic（新陈代新的） rate, shivering or sweating. Keeping warm and staying cool take energy unless we are in the “thermo-neutral zone”, which is increa

6、singly where we choose to live and work.There is no denying that ambient temperatures（环境温度） have changed in the past few decades. Between 1970 and 2000, the average British home warmed from a chilly 13C to 18C. In the US, the changes have been at the other end of the thermometer as the proportion of

7、 homes with air conditionings rose from 23% to 47% between 1978 and 1997. In the southern states where obesity rates tend to be highest the number of houses with air conditioning has shot up to 71% from 37% in 1978.Could air conditioning in summer and heating in winter really make a difference to ou

8、r weight?Sadly，there is some evidence that it does-at least with regard to heating. Studies show that in comfortable temperatures we use less energy.3.Less smoking Bad news: smokers really do tend to be thinner than the rest of us,and quitting really does pack on the pounds, though no one isn sure w

9、hy. It probably has something to do with the fact that nicotine is an appetite suppressant and appears to up your metabolic rate. Katherine Flegal and colleagres at the US National Center for Health Statistics in Hyattsville,Maryland, have calculated that people kicking the habit have been respousib

10、le for a small but significant portion of the US epidemic of fatness.From data collected aroud 1991 by the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,they worked out that people who had quit in the previous decade were much more likely to be overweight than smokers and people who had never

11、smoked .Among men, for example, nearly half of quitters were overweight compared with 37% of non-smokers and only 28%of smokers.4. Genetic effects Yours chances of becoming fat may be set,at least in part,before you were even born.children of boese mothers are much more likely to become obest themse

12、lves later in life.Offspring of mice fed a high-fat diet during pregnancy are much more likely to become fat than the offspring of identical mice fed a normal diet. Intriguingly,the effect persists for two or three generations.Grand-children of mice fed a high-fat diet grow up fat even if their own

13、mother is fed normally-so you fate may have been sealed even before you were conceived.5.A little older Some groups of people just happen to be fatter than others.surveys carried out by the US national center for health statisties found that adults aged 40 to 79 were around three times as likely to

14、be obese as younger people.non-white females also tend to fall at the fatter end of the spectreum:Mexican-american women are 30% more likely than white women to be obsess,and black women have twice the risk. In the US,these groups account for an increasing percentage of the population.between 1970 a

15、nd 2000 the US population aged 35 to 44 grew by 43%.the proportion of Hispanic-americans also grew,from under 5% to 12.5% of the population,while the proportion of black Americans increased from 11% to 12.3%.these changes may account in part for the increased prevalence of obesity.6.mature mums Moth

16、ers around the world are getting older.in the UK,the mean age for aving a frist child is 27.3,compared with 23.7 in 1970 .mean age at frist birth in the US has also increased, rising from 21.4 in 1970 to 24.9 in 2000. This would be neither here nor there if it weret for the observation that having a

17、n older mother seems to be an independent risk factor for obesity. Results from the US national heart,lung and blood institutes study found that the odds of a child being obese increase 14% for every five extra years of their mothers age , though why this should be so is not entirely clear. Michael

18、Symonds at the university of Nottingham,UK,found that first-bron children have more fat than younger ones. As family size decreases, firstbrons account for a greather share of the population. In 1964, british women gave birth to an average of 2.95 children;by 2005 that figure had fallen to 1.79. in

19、the US in 1976, 9.6% of woman in their 40s had only one chile;in 2004 it was 17.4%. this combination of older mothers and more single children could be contributing to the obesity epidemic.7.Like marrying like Just as people pair off according to looks, so they do for size. Lean people are more like

20、ly to marry lean an d fat more likely to marry fat. On its own, like marrying like cannot account for any increase in obesity. But combined with others- particularly the fact that obesity is partly genetic, and that heavier people have more children-it amplifies the increase form other causes.1. Wha

21、t is the passage mainly about? A）effects of obesity on peoples health B）the link between lifestyle an obesity C）New explanations for the obesity epidemic D）possible ways to combat the obesity epidemic2. In the US Nurse Health Study, women who slept an average of 7 hour a night _ A）gained the least w

22、eight B）were inclined to eat less C）found their vigor enhanced D）were less susceptible to illness3. The popular belief about obesity is that _ A）it makes us sleepy B）it causes sleep loss C）it increases our appetite D）it results from lack of sleep4. How does indoor heating affect our life? A）it makes

23、 us stay indoors more B）it accelerates our metabolic rate C）it makes us feel more energetic D）it contributes to our weight gain5. What does the author say about the effect of nicotine on smokers? A）it threatens their health B）it heightens their spirits C）it suppresses their appetite D）it slows down

24、their metabolism6. Who are most likely to be overweight according to Katherine Flegals study? A）heavy smokers B）passive smokers C）those who never smoke D）those who quit smoking7. According to the US National Center for Health Statistics, the increasing obesity in the US is a result of _ A）the growin

25、g number of smokers among young people B）the rising proportion of minorities in its population C）the increasing consumption of high-calorie foods D）the improving living standards of the poor people8.according to the US National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, the reason why older mothers children t

26、end to be obese remains not entirely clear9.According to Michael Symonds, one factor contributing to the obesity epidemic is decrease of family size10 when two heavy people get married, chances of their children getting fat increase, because obesity is party genetizPart IIISection AB11. A）He is quit

27、e easy to recognize B）he is an outstanding speaker C）he looks like a movie star D）he looks young for his ageC12. A）consult her dancing teacher B）take a more interesting class C）continue her dancing class D）improve her dancing skillsD13. A）the man did not believe what the woman said B）the man accompa

28、nied the woman to the hospital C）the woman may be suffering from repetitive strain injury D）the woman may not followed the doctors instructionsC14. A）they are not in style any more B）they have cost him far too much C）they no longer suit his eyesight D）they should be cleaned regularlyD15. A）he spille

29、d his drink onto the floor B）he has just finished wiping the floor C）he was caught in a shower on his way home D）he rushed out of the bath to answer the phoneD16. A）fixing some furniture B）repairing the toy train C）reading the instructions D）assembling the bookcaseA17. A）urge Jenny to spend more time on study B）help Jenny to prepare for the coming exams C）act towards Jenny in a more sensible way D）