工业设计外文翻译1Word文档格式.docx

1、1. German Bauhaus and industrial design In 1919, the Bauhaus school had been built in Weimar, Germany. This have been called the “cradle of world industrial design”, the milestone in the art design history. Bauhaus believed that the foremost thing is letting the students explore their own design way

2、s, rather than just teaching them the teachers ways; developing students independent and critical thinking ability rather than imposing certain design styles on them. Compared with other design schools that had similar education philosophies, Bauhaus had distinctive education philosophy. It took tho

3、rough reform on the traditional art design education system and established art design as a new professional discipline. Meanwhile, Walter Gropius, the founder of Bauhaus made “Unity of art and technology” as the dominant design education philosophy. One of Bauhaus initiative works is purifying the

4、forms of general industrial products. Bauhaus stressed that the product forms should be designed based on basic geometric patterns such as cubes, squares and circles. The product forms and outlines should be simple and varied in different ways and follow abstract form principles and aesthetics. Beca

5、use Bauhauss brave and aggressive exploring and reform, it took significant key influence on the forming of Modernism Art Style and made the Bauhaus design a world-wide reputation. Therefore Bauhaus became the milestone of modern art design history. American artist Joseph Sinel first mentioned the t

6、erm of Industrial design in 1919. However in China, until 1983, the Ministry of Education had conformed industrial design discipline as the sample major of general colleges. The original name of the major is “Product Forming” for art students. In 1998 the national major category had been adjusted to

7、 be integrated into the international conventions. The “Product forming” major had removed the focus from the product forms to the area of researching the human-product-environment relationships. The name had been replaced by “Industrial design” and the major had been set for both engineering and ar

8、t education schools. Bauhaus had many top European artists at that time, such as Itten, Kandinsky, and Klee etc. They are famous abstract painters. Their teaching cultivated the Bauhaus students and contributed to the 20s century art design. Most of famous industrial designers such as Philippe Starc

9、k, Marc Newson and yves bhar are graduated from the art design schools. Their success proved that the art design education is effective for industrial design education. The product form design is still an important aspect in undergraduate industrial design studies and the industrial design is an imp

10、ortant component of current famous art design schools. Royal College of Art Norwegian Institute of Art and Design University of Duisburg-Essen, Politecnico di Milano, Hannover University of Applied Sciences and Arts （FH Hannover）, their industrial design departments are belong to art and design scho

11、ols. America: According to a survey of IDSA （The Industrial Designers Society of America） in 1998, there are 49 institutes that have industrial design undergraduate or graduate programs registered in IDSA list. Typical industrial design majors usually are set in art schools, which can grant bachelor

12、 degree in fine arts or science. Most of them got the certification of NASAD （National Association of Schools of Art and Design）. Only 15 in the 49 schools did not get the certification. IDSA declared that 5 years later, only the certified the industrial design majors can get be recognized. There ar

13、e 37 industrial design majors in universities, 6 in design colleges, 4 in art schools. This situation did not vary in current years. Asia: In Japan, industrial design majors also set in art schools or independent industrial design faculties, such as Tokyo Zokei University, Musashino Art University,

14、Tama Art University, and University of Tsukuba etc. In Hongkong, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University has famous industrial design programs. In Taiwan, Shih Chien University, National Cheng Kung University, National Yunlin University of Science & Technology have famous industrial design programs. In

15、 mainland of China, Jiangnan University, Tsinghua University, Hunan University, Tongji University and the Guangzhou academic of fine arts all have their industrial design departments in the art design schools or departments. 2 .10 Industrial Design Trends You Cant Ignore2.1Design For A CauseCompanie

16、s including Herman Miller and American Apparel are promoting their ideals through design. Yves Bhars leaf lamp for Herman Miller （shown） uses a biomorphic grid of LEDs, which consume 40% percent less energy than fluorescent lights and last for 100,000 hours. And Nike plans to make its entire footwea

17、r line out of sustainable materials by 2010.2.2SimplexitySteve McCallion, executive creative director of Portland, Ore.-based industrial design firm Ziba Design, says theres a trend toward simplexity, products that have many functions but are approachable, ergonomically correct and easy to use-like

18、Apples iPhone. The baby boomers have also propelled simplexity; as the generation ages, the need for easy-to-use, at-home medical equipment becomes greater. Ami Verhalen, director of industrial design at Madison, Wis.-based Design Concepts, says that in-home health care will be a huge driver for pro

19、duct innovation in the upcoming decade.2.3PersonalizationFrom Nike ID shoes to Build-a-Bear teddies, retailers are adding a build your own element to brands. Do it yourself-or DIY-serves as an important element of this trend. Publications like Ready Made magazine and books like designer Wendy Mullin

20、s Sew U encourage consumers to put their own spin on things.2.4GlobalizationLike other industries, outsourcing has affected international design. Today a designer in Delhi might be working with a manufacturer in Columbus. Steve McCallion says that the globalization of product design has created Inte

21、rnet communities that enable more people to participate in the design process. Companies like Kid Robot can employ toy designers from Tokyo to Tucson with greater ease than ever.2.5OrnamentationIn fashion design, were seeing a return to minimalism, but in home decor, ornate details are in fashion. F

22、or the first time in decades, wallpaper is in fashion, and the details are rich-brocades, velvets and jewel-tone colors. Long-forgotten textile designers like Florence Broadhurst and Vera Neumann are receiving attention from a new generation of design-savvy consumers.2.6Polarization Of DesignBig-box

23、 or luxury retailer? Many experts say that design has been polarized, with innovative products available at both the very high end （Neiman Marcus, Moss） and the very low end （Target, Ikea）. Meanwhile, midrange retailers like Macys suffer from lack of fresh, on-trend ideas. That isolates the huge chu

24、nk of the population that can afford something higher-end than the $200 Malm bed at Ikea but scoff at the price of a $16,000 Hastens mattress.2.7Pink DesignGadgets are a guys game, right? Not if you consider the latest products with feminine mystique. Motorola released a lipstick pink Razr cellphone

25、, and more recently, LG released a Prada phone. More and more manufacturers are creating sleeker, feminized versions of their clunky, chunky products, and both men and women are biting. Want proof of the feminization of product design? Just check out G, which rates several items a day as Geek chic o

26、r Just Plain Geeky.2.8Mass ImperfectionSome designers are creating intentionally flawed pieces, like designer Jason Millers duct tape chair or Bodums Pavina glassware collection, which uses mouth-blown double-walled glass, giving each piece a slight variation in height, thickness and weight. Whisker

27、ed and weathered textiles-on denim as well as furniture and tapestries-are more recognizable examples of intentional imperfection in production.2.9CraftAs mass retailers like Target become more design-focused, theres a countertrend of independent manufacturers and designers creating one-off, heirloo

28、m pieces. Where to find these limited-edition treasures? Artisan e-commerce sites like E, classical craft companies like Heath Ceramics and modernist design houses such as Design Within Reach.2.10Focus On The Other 90%Anthony Pannozzo, vice president of design strategy at Waltham, Mass.-based firm H

29、erbst LaZar Bell, says that well-designed products are available to only 10% of the worlds population. However, more and more designers are starting to cater to consumers in Africa, Asia and Latin America.【References】 1 S Z Wang. “A History of Modern Design”, China Youth Press, Beijing, 2002 2 D.S. Yang. “A Discussion of The Differences in Industrial Design Education between China and Germany from the Workshop Project Practice”, Journal of Hefei University （Natural Sciences）, 2006:21-22 3 Rosson M.B, J.M.Carroll. “Usability En