初中英语阅读理解和阅读表达技巧指导+练习无答案Word文件下载.docx

1、 3）干扰项可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。1 开门见山式：主题句出现在文首。In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad，that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriend

2、ly relationship between people. 题目：What does this passage mainly talk about？ （B）A.Competition helps to set up self-respect. B.Opinions about competition are different among people. C.Competition is harmful to personal quality development. D. Failures are necessary experience in competition. 解析：主题句中涉

3、及到“argument”，与“opinion”及“different”相符，故选B；A、C分别是两种观点，以偏概全；D答案文中根本没有提到。2 藏头露尾式：主题句出现在文尾 On the Internet, we can read news at home and abroad and get as much information as we can. We often send e-mails or make telephone calls to our families as well as to our friends by Internet. Whats more, we can g

4、o to school on the net, read a lot of books and even teach ourselves foreign languages. We also enjoy music, watch ball matches on the net and play computer games. With the help of the net, we can do shopping even without leaving our homes. The Internet is playing a more and more important part in o

5、ur daily life. Whats the main idea of the passage？ （C）A. Keep away from the Internet. B. Surf the net. C. The Internet is playing an important part in our daily life. D. We can entertain ourselves on the Internet. A答案文中没有提到，并且与内容相悖；B选项太过笼统，不能对文章进行概括；D选项时内容的一部分，以偏概全；故选C，由文章最后一句得出。3首尾呼应式：在有些文章中，为了突出主题

6、，作者在文章开头提出主题，接着进行阐述或论证，在结尾时再次点出主题。值得注意的是，前后两个主题句不是简单的重复，再次出现的主题句往往是前面主题句的进一步引申或发展。Lacrosse（曲棍球） is a popular sport in Canada. The Indians in Canada invented it. They used it to train for war. They invented this game before Columbus arrived in the New World. People play lacrosse outdoors. The lacross

7、e field is seven meters long. At each end of the field there is a goal. The goal is There are many lacrosse clubs and lacrosse teams all over Canada. Every night Canadians can watch the lacrosse games on TV or listen to the lacrosse games over the radio. At one time lacrosse was the national summer

8、sport in Canada. Today it is still popular with Canadians. The passage is mainly about _. （D）A. How to Play Lacrosse B. Lacrosse in Canada C. The History of Lacrosse D. LacrosseA Popular Game in Canada A选项在文中并没有提到；B选项相比D不够准确；C选项太过片面；由前后呼应句可得到D答案。4抛砖引玉式：文章的开头只是提出一个问题或者貌似正确的观点，而真正的主题则是通过对问题的解析和引申，或是通过

9、责问和驳论的方式导出主题。How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environmentsmostly for entertainment purposesis fair and respectful？Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. However, most zoos remain “collections” of interesting “things” rather than protective habitats

10、（栖息地）. Zoos claim （声称） to educate people and save endangered species（物种）, but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty.Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitat and put an end to the reaso

11、ns people kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals natural habitats. What does the author try to argue in the passage？A.Zoos are not worth the public support. B.Zoos fail in their attempt to save animals. C.Zoos should treat animals as human beings

12、.D.Zoos use animals as a means of entertainment. A选项是对“Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups ”的片段误解；C选项在文中没有提到；D选项是主观错误推断；由上文划线句可以得出B选项。5藏龙卧虎式：即主题句隐含在全文当中，没有明确的主题句。具体方法是：首先弄清楚各个段落讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，寻找共同点,然后加以归纳形成主题。Handshaking, though a European practice is often seen in big cit

13、ies of China. Nobody knows exactly when the practice started in Europe. It is said that long long ago in Europe when people met, they showed their unarmed（无武器的） hands to each other as a sign of goodwill. As time went on and trade in cities grew rapidly, people in cities began to clap each others han

14、ds to make a deal or to reach an agreement. This practice was later changed into shaking hands among friends on meeting or leaving each other. “Lets shake （hands） on it” sometimes means agreement reached. The first paragraph mainly tells us _. （B）由文章归纳得出A. where handshaking was first practiced B. ho

15、w handshaking came about C. about the relationship between handshaking and trade D. about the practice of handshaking both in Europe and in China 二、选择最好的标题选帽原则：像帽子一样，大小合适才行。另外，标题要简洁、突出、新颖。标题是文章的点睛之笔，所以它还要具有醒目的特点，能吸引读者。He wishes the holiday season would end already. His back aches, his red suit feels

16、 like a spacesuit, his cheeks have gone tight from smiling for 12 hours The questions from children these days are harder than ever. Now, with thousands of children expecting a father or mother serving in Iraq or Afghanistan, the questions are as heart-breaking as they are unanswerable. For example,

17、 “Can you please bring Daddy home from the war in time for Christmas morning？” Santas also have a pretty good chance of getting sued （指控） 题：What would be the best title for the passage？（A）AChristmas: Not a Good Festival for Santas BIs Santa Claus Really Alive？CA Christmas Story DWhat Does Santa Clau

18、s Do for Children？主旨题不能够从原文中直接找到答案的题，要注意 1、以原文为依据，不参杂个人意见，要客观不要主观。 要克服“我认为怎么样”的观点。2、答案是比出来的。答案不选对的，只选最好的。因为，有时候四个答案都是对的。比答案的原则是：好的不知道的；不知道的不对的。 3、注意绝对化的词。如果答案选项中出现绝对化的词，比如：all，always，never，nothing，every 等等，除非文章当中使用了该类词汇，否则，一般都要排除。 4、答案要避免以点带面，以偏盖全。尤其是多个选项都有道理，难以挑选正确答案的时候，要注意选择最符合题目要求的一个。 5、“傻瓜”原则。文章

19、中没有提到的就当时不知道，不要枉自猜测，自作聪明。一切以文章内容为准。二、推理判断型做题要领：既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。考查学生: 判断、推理和引申 理解作者的意图、观点或态度 例题解析（一）： Once upon a time, there was a lovely garden. There was a tree with many leaves and some vegetables in the garden. Both the vegetables a

20、nd the tree made the garden beautiful. The gardens owner was very proud of this. But the tree and the vegetables didnt like each other. The vegetables hated the trees shadow. The tree thought the vegetables drank all the water. One day, the vegetables decided to use up all the water in the ground so

21、 that the tree would dry up. Then the tree answered back by refusing to shade the vegetables from the hot sun. Soon, the vegetables and the tree were all drying up. The gardener was sad and stopped watering them. When he did that, both the tree and the vegetables really learned what thirst was. Ther

22、e seemed to be no solution, but one of the vegetables, a small courgette （小胡瓜）, understood what was going on, and decided to solve the problem. Despite the little water available and the hot sunshine, the little courgette did all he could to grow, grow, grow. He grew so big that the gardener started

23、 watering them again. Then the vegetables and the tree realized that it was better to help each other than to fight. They worked together to make the garden beautiful again. 1. The writer may think that the courgette_ . A. was very clever and hardworking B. was selfless but a little lazy C. liked fi

24、ghting with others D. did nothing important 答案：A问作者态度属于判断推理题。从第三段第三四句话我们可以判断the small courgette 是聪明且努力的。2. The writers main purpose of writing this passage is to_. A. let us remember the lovely courgette B. ask us to plant trees and vegetables C. prove that everything needs water very much D. tell u

25、s its better to help each other than to fight 考查作者意图目的题，属于判断推理。最后一段第二句话是文章的主旨句，文章借大树、小草和小胡瓜的故事告诉我们互相帮助的重要性。所以应该选D。三.细节理解类【答题技巧】审题（确定关键词，一般为数字、大写或人名地名）-定位-对照题干要求，排除或选择（选项中表示绝对意义的词，如all,always,only,往往是命题的陷阱）【例题解析】When people meet each other for the first time in Britain, they say, “How do you do?”and

26、shake hands. Usually they do not shake hands after they havent met for a long time or when they will be away from each other for a long time. Last year a group of German students went to England for a holiday. Their teacher told them that the English people hardly shake hands, So when they met their

27、 English friends at the station, they kept their hands behind their backs. The English students had learned that Germans shake hands as often as possible. So they put their hands in front and got ready to shake hands with them. It made both of them laugh. 1. English people usually shake hands when t

28、hey_.A. meet every time B. meet for the first time C. say goodbye to each other D. say hello to each other2.Which of the following is right?A. The Germans shake hands as often as possible. B. The English people like shaking hands very much.C. The Germans hardly shake hands. D. Neither English people

29、 not Germans like shaking hands.2. 猜测词意类定位-根据上下文推理（逻辑上推理，运用语法知识推理，依据常识及经验）-将推理出的选项代入原文验证推理是否成立。注意：如果遇到非常熟悉的词汇，要撇开其基本含义，注意其引申意义常见设问方式：The word .in the passage means_.The underlined word .means_The underlined part in the second paragraph means_.The underlined word”it/they/them”means_.When Mattel creat

30、ed Barbie Dolls fifty years ago, they never thought this doll would become a legend. Now Barbie Dolls are famous around the world. They are sold in one hundred and fifty countries, and every second three Barbie Dolls are sold around the world.What does the underlined word “legend” mean in the passage?A传播 B传奇 C传承 D传达英语任务型阅读，考察的方面比较全面，包括阅读与表达两部分，综合了初一经常考察的句式变换，英汉互译等基础题型的加深，所以，要从基础知识出发，训练学生的知识运用能力，再加上较高的阅读能力，应对阅读表达就没有问题。阅读表达基本功训练1、同义词组的转换：指不同的词组表达同一个意思，用另一个意义相同的词组替换原句中的词组。1）Did your parents have a good time in Hangzhou? Did your parents _ _ /_ _