初中英语阅读理解和阅读表达技巧指导+练习无答案Word文件下载.docx
《初中英语阅读理解和阅读表达技巧指导+练习无答案Word文件下载.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《初中英语阅读理解和阅读表达技巧指导+练习无答案Word文件下载.docx(15页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
3)干扰项可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。
1.开门见山式:
主题句出现在文首。
Inmodernsocietythereisagreatdealofargumentaboutcompetition.Somevalueithighly,believingthatitisresponsibleforsocialprogressandprosperity.Otherssaythatcompetitionisbad,thatitsetsonepersonagainstanother;
thatitleadstounfriendlyrelationshipbetweenpeople.
题目:
Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?
(B)
A.Competitionhelpstosetupself-respect.
B.Opinionsaboutcompetitionaredifferentamongpeople.
C.Competitionisharmfultopersonalqualitydevelopment.
D.Failuresarenecessaryexperienceincompetition.
解析:
主题句中涉及到“argument”,与“opinion”及“different”相符,故选B;
A、C分别是两种观点,以偏概全;
D答案文中根本没有提到。
2.藏头露尾式:
主题句出现在文尾
OntheInternet,wecanreadnewsathomeandabroadandgetasmuchinformationaswecan.Weoftensende-mailsormaketelephonecallstoourfamiliesaswellastoourfriendsbyInternet.What’smore,wecangotoschoolonthenet,readalotofbooksandeventeachourselvesforeignlanguages.Wealsoenjoymusic,watchballmatchesonthenetandplaycomputergames.Withthehelpofthenet,wecandoshoppingevenwithoutleavingourhomes.TheInternetisplayingamoreandmoreimportantpartinourdailylife.
What’sthemainideaofthepassage?
(C)
A.KeepawayfromtheInternet.
B.Surfthenet.
C.TheInternetisplayinganimportantpartinourdailylife.
D.WecanentertainourselvesontheInternet.
A答案文中没有提到,并且与内容相悖;
B选项太过笼统,不能对文章进行概括;
D
选项时内容的一部分,以偏概全;
故选C,由文章最后一句得出。
3.首尾呼应式:
在有些文章中,为了突出主题,作者在文章开头提出主题,接着进行
阐述或论证,在结尾时再次点出主题。
值得注意的是,前后两个主题句不是简单的重复,再次出现的主题句往往是前面主题句的进一步引申或发展。
Lacrosse(曲棍球)isapopularsportinCanada.TheIndiansinCanadainventedit.Theyusedittotrainforwar.TheyinventedthisgamebeforeColumbusarrivedintheNewWorld.
Peopleplaylacrosseoutdoors.Thelacrossefieldissevenmeterslong.Ateachendofthefieldthereisagoal.Thegoalis…
TherearemanylacrosseclubsandlacrosseteamsalloverCanada.EverynightCanadianscanwatchthelacrossegamesonTVorlistentothelacrossegamesovertheradio.
AtonetimelacrossewasthenationalsummersportinCanada.TodayitisstillpopularwithCanadians.
Thepassageismainlyabout_________.(D)
A.HowtoPlayLacrosse
B.LacrosseinCanada
C.TheHistoryofLacrosse
D.Lacrosse—APopularGameinCanada
A选项在文中并没有提到;
B选项相比D不够准确;
C选项太过片面;
由前后呼应句可得到D答案。
4.抛砖引玉式:
文章的开头只是提出一个问题或者貌似正确的观点,而真正的主题则是通过对问题的解析和引申,或是通过责问和驳论的方式导出主题。
Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments-mostlyforentertainmentpurposes-isfairandrespectful?
Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimals.However,mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats(栖息地).
Zoosclaim(声称)toeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspecies(物种),butvisitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimals’naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.
Actually,wewillsaveendangeredspeciesonlyifwesavetheirhabitatandputanendtothereasonspeoplekillthem.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals’naturalhabitats.
Whatdoestheauthortrytoargueinthepassage?
A.Zoosarenotworththepublicsupport.
B.Zoosfailintheirattempttosaveanimals.
C.Zoosshouldtreatanimalsashumanbeings.
D.Zoosuseanimalsasameansofentertainment.
A选项是对“Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroups…”的片段误解;
C选项在文中没有提到;
D选项是主观错误推断;
由上文划线句可以得出B选项。
5.藏龙卧虎式:
即主题句隐含在全文当中,没有明确的主题句。
具体方法是:
首先弄清楚各个段落讲了哪几个方面的内容,这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系,寻找共同点,然后加以归纳形成主题。
Handshaking,thoughaEuropeanpracticeisoftenseeninbigcitiesofChina.NobodyknowsexactlywhenthepracticestartedinEurope.ItissaidthatlonglongagoinEuropewhenpeople
met,theyshowedtheirunarmed(无武器的)handstoeachotherasasignofgoodwill.Astimewentonandtradeincitiesgrewrapidly,peopleincitiesbegantoclapeachother’shandstomakeadealortoreachanagreement.Thispracticewaslaterchangedintoshakinghandsamongfriendsonmeetingorleavingeachother.“Let’sshake(hands)onit”sometimesmeansagreementreached.
Thefirstparagraphmainlytellsus______.(B)由文章归纳得出
A.wherehandshakingwasfirstpracticed
B.howhandshakingcameabout
C.abouttherelationshipbetweenhandshakingandtrade
D.aboutthepracticeofhandshakingbothinEuropeandinChina
二、选择最好的标题——选帽原则:
像帽子一样,大小合适才行。
另外,标题要简洁、突出、新颖。
标题是文章的点睛之笔,所以它还要具有醒目的特点,能吸引读者。
Hewishestheholidayseasonwouldendalready.Hisbackaches,hisredsuitfeelslikeaspacesuit,hischeekshavegonetightfromsmilingfor12hours…
Thequestionsfromchildrenthesedaysareharderthanever.Now,withthousandsofchildrenexpectingafatherormotherservinginIraqorAfghanistan,thequestionsareasheart-breakingastheyareunanswerable.Forexample,“CanyoupleasebringDaddyhomefromthewarintimeforChristmasmorning?
”
Santasalsohaveaprettygoodchanceofgettingsued(指控)„
题:
Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
(A)
A.Christmas:
NotaGoodFestivalforSantas
B.IsSantaClausReallyAlive?
C.AChristmasStory
D.WhatDoesSantaClausDoforChildren?
主旨题不能够从原文中直接找到答案的题,要注意
1、以原文为依据,不参杂个人意见,要客观不要主观。
要克服“我认为„怎么样”的观点。
2、答案是比出来的。
答案不选对的,只选最好的。
因为,有时候四个答案都是对的。
比答案的原则是:
好的>
不知道的;
不知道的>
不对的。
3、注意绝对化的词。
如果答案选项中出现绝对化的词,比如:
all,always,never,nothing,every等等,除非文章当中使用了该类词汇,否则,一般都要排除。
4、答案要避免以点带面,以偏盖全。
尤其是多个选项都有道理,难以挑选正确答案的时候,要注意选择最符合题目要求的一个。
5、“傻瓜”原则。
文章中没有提到的就当时不知道,不要枉自猜测,自作聪明。
一切以文章内容为准。
二、推理判断型
做题要领:
既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思,又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断,力求从作者的角度去考虑,不要固守自己的看法或观点。
考查学生:
•判断、推理和引申
•理解作者的意图、观点或态度
例题解析
(一):
Onceuponatime,therewasalovelygarden.Therewasatreewithmanyleavesandsome
vegetablesinthegarden.Boththevegetablesandthetreemadethegardenbeautiful.Thegarden’sownerwasveryproudofthis.Butthetreeandthevegetablesdidn’tlikeeachother.Thevegetableshatedthetree’sshadow.Thetreethoughtthevegetablesdrankallthewater.
Oneday,thevegetablesdecidedtouseupallthewaterinthegroundsothatthetreewoulddryup.Thenthetreeansweredbackbyrefusingtoshadethevegetablesfromthehotsun.Soon,thevegetablesandthetreewerealldryingup.
Thegardenerwassadandstoppedwateringthem.Whenhedidthat,boththetreeandthevegetablesreallylearnedwhatthirstwas.Thereseemedtobenosolution,butoneofthevegetables,asmallcourgette(小胡瓜),understoodwhatwasgoingon,anddecidedtosolvetheproblem.Despitethelittlewateravailableandthehotsunshine,thelittlecourgettedidallhecouldtogrow,grow,grow...
Hegrewsobigthatthegardenerstartedwateringthemagain.Thenthevegetablesandthetreerealizedthatitwasbettertohelpeachotherthantofight.Theyworkedtogethertomakethegardenbeautifulagain.
1.Thewritermaythinkthatthecourgette________________.
A.wasverycleverandhardworkingB.wasselflessbutalittlelazy
C.likedfightingwithothersD.didnothingimportant
答案:
A
问作者态度属于判断推理题。
从第三段第三四句话我们可以判断thesmallcourgette是聪明且努力的。
2.Thewriter’smainpurposeofwritingthispassageisto_______________.
A.letusrememberthelovelycourgette
B.askustoplanttreesandvegetables
C.provethateverythingneedswaterverymuch
D.tellusit’sbettertohelpeachotherthantofight
考查作者意图目的题,属于判断推理。
最后一段第二句话是文章的主旨句,文章借大树、小草和小胡瓜的故事告诉我们互相帮助的重要性。
所以应该选D。
三.细节理解类
【答题技巧】
审题(确定关键词,一般为数字、大写或人名地名)--定位--对照题干要求,排除或选择(选项中表示绝对意义的词,如all,always,only,往往是命题的陷阱)
【例题解析】
WhenpeoplemeeteachotherforthefirsttimeinBritain,theysay,“Howdoyoudo?
”andshakehands.Usuallytheydonotshakehandsaftertheyhaven'
tmetforalongtimeorwhentheywillbeawayfromeachotherforalongtime.
LastyearagroupofGermanstudentswenttoEnglandforaholiday.TheirteachertoldthemthattheEnglishpeoplehardlyshakehands,SowhentheymettheirEnglishfriendsatthestation,theykepttheirhandsbehindtheirbacks.TheEnglishstudentshadlearnedthatGermansshakehandsasoftenaspossible.Sotheyputtheirhandsinfrontandgotreadytoshakehandswiththem.Itmadebothofthemlaugh.
1.Englishpeopleusuallyshakehandswhenthey________.
A.meeteverytimeB.meetforthefirsttime
C.saygoodbyetoeachotherD.sayhellotoeachother
2.Whichofthefollowingisright?
A.TheGermansshakehandsasoftenaspossible.
B.TheEnglishpeoplelikeshakinghandsverymuch.
C.TheGermanshardlyshakehands.
D.NeitherEnglishpeoplenotGermanslikeshakinghands.
2.猜测词意类
定位--根据上下文推理(逻辑上推理,运用语法知识推理,依据常识及经验)-将推理出的选项代入原文验证推理是否成立。
注意:
如果遇到非常熟悉的词汇,要撇开其基本含义,注意其引申意义
常见设问方式:
Theword...inthepassagemeans____.
Theunderlinedword...means____
Theunderlinedpartinthesecondparagraphmeans____.
Theunderlinedword”it/they/them”means_____.
WhenMattelcreatedBarbieDollsfiftyyearsago,theyneverthoughtthisdollwouldbecomealegend.NowBarbieDollsarefamousaroundtheworld.Theyaresoldinonehundredandfiftycountries,andeverysecondthreeBarbieDollsaresoldaroundtheworld.
Whatdoestheunderlinedword“legend”meaninthepassage?
A.传播B.传奇C.传承D.传达
英语任务型阅读,考察的方面比较全面,包括阅读与表达两部分,综合了初一经常考察的句式变换,英汉互译等基础题型的加深,所以,要从基础知识出发,训练学生的知识运用能力,再加上较高的阅读能力,应对阅读表达就没有问题。
阅读表达基本功训练
1、同义词组的转换:
指不同的词组表达同一个意思,用另一个意义相同的词组替换原句中的词组。
1)DidyourparentshaveagoodtimeinHangzhou?
Didyourparents____________________/___________________